Name the parts of the skull:

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1) Neurocranium: skull cranium

2) Viscerocranium: facial skeleton

What is the calvaria?

Name the fossas of the basicranium:

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1) Anterior cranial fossa

2) Middle cranial fossa

3) Posterior cranial fossa

1) Spongy bone sandwiched between

2) Compact bone

Diploe

1) Red marrow

2) Diploic veins (in spongy bone)

3) Emissary veins

- Drains cranal cavity sinus -> scalp

- Runs vertically

How are cranial nerves named?

How many pairs of cranal nerves are there?

What are their names?

From anterior to posterior

12

1) Olfactory

2) Optic

3) Oculomotor

4) Trochlear

5) Trigeminal

6) Abducent

7) Facial

8) Vestibulochlear

9) Glossopharyndeal

10) Vagus

11) Accessory

12) Hypoglossal 

How many paired bones does the neurocranium have?

What are the names of the paired bones?

How many single bones does the neurocranium have?

What are the names of the single bones?

2

- Parietal

- Temporal

4

- Frontal

- Occipital

- Sphnoid

- Ethmoid

Name the bones of the neurocranium:

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1) Parietal

2) Temporal

3) Frontal

4) Occipital

5) Sphenoid

6) Ethmoid

What is the name of this structure?

What exits here?

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Parietal foramina

Emissary veins

What is the name of this neurocranium bone?

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What bone makes up most of the anterior cranial fossa?

What is the name of the bone in blue?

Name the structures:

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Frontal bone

Frontal bone

1) Supraorbital foramen

2) Superciliary arch (brow ridges)

What is the name of this structure?

What neurocranium bone does it belong to?

The frontal bone is pneumatized, what does this mean?

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Frontal sinus

Frontal bone

Contains an air cavity in the bone

What is the name of this bone?

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Identify the structures on the temporal bone:

What does 2 create?

What articulates with the mandibular fossa?

What is the name of the joint that it creates?

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1) Squamous region

2) Zygomatic process

3) Mandibular fossa

4) Tympanic region

5) External acoustic meatus

6) Styloid process

7) Mastoid region

8) Mastoid process

Cheek bones

Mandible

Temporomandibular joint

Name the structures of the temporal bone:

What is contained in the petrous region of the temporal bone?

What are the 2 cranial nerves that enter 2?

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1) Petrous region

2) Internal acoustic meatus

Middle & inner ear

- Facial n (VII)

- Vestibulocochlear n (VIII)

Name the structures in the petrous region of the temporal bone:

What 2 bones really make up 2?

What exits out of 2? 4

What does 2 turn into?

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1) Internal acoustic meatus

2) Jugular foramen

Temporal & occipital bones

- Internal jugular vein

- Glossopharyngeal n (IX)

- Vagus n (X)

- Accessory n (XI)

Sigmoid sinus

What does the sigmoid sinus turn into once is goes thru the jugular foramen?

Name the structures of the temporal bone:

What enters thru 2?

What is the function of that artery?

What courses thru 3?

Specifically what branch of that goes thru 3?

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Internal jugular vein

1) Jugular foramen

2) Carotid canal

3) Stylomastoid foramen 

Internal carotid artery

Supplies blood to the brain

Facial n (VII)

- Motor division

- Innervation for muscles of facial expression

What is the name of the bone that forms most of the posterior cranial fossa?

What is the name of the structure below?

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Occipital bone

External occipital protuberance

Name the structures of the occipital bone:

What articulates with 1?

What exits 2?

What passes thru 3?

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1) Occipital condyles

2) Foramen magnum

3) Hypoglossal canal

Atlas vertebra

- Brainstem

- Vertebral arteries & veins

Hypoglossal nerve (XII)

What is the name of this bone?

[image]

Name the structures on the sphenoid bone:

What does 3 contain?

Since the sphenoid has a sinus what type of bone can it be called?

Which fossa is the sphenoid found?

What structures are associated with the COF?

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1) Lesser wing

2) Greater wing

3) Stella tursica/hypophysial fossa

4) Crescent of foramin

5) Superior orbital fissure

6) Foramen rotundum

7) Foramen ovale

8) Foramen spinosum

9) Optic canal

The pituitary gland

Pneumatized bone

Crescent of foramina

5-9

What are the names of the following structures:

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1) Pituitary gland

2) Sphenoid sinus

- Optic nerve (II)

- Opthalmic artery

- Oculomotor n

- Trochlear n (III)

- Abducent n (VI)

- Trigeminal n (V: 1st division=opthalmic n=V1)

What passes thru the foramen spinosum?

What do the create?

- Middle meningeal vessels

Groves on the internal surface of the parietal bone

What nerves pass thru these foramina?

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1) Optic canal: optic nerve (II)

2) Superior orbital fissure: III, IV, VI, V1

3) Foramen rotundum: V2

4) Foramen ovale: V3

5) Foramen spinosum: middle meningeal vessels

What neocranium bone is this?

Where does it stem down into?

What do the bones form?

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Ethmoid

Facial skeleton

Nasal septum/cavity

What is the projection that extends up into the brain cave called?

What is its main function?

Crista galli

Site of attachement for dura that supports the brain

What is the name of this structure?

Why is it perforated?

What forms the majority of the nasal septum?

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Cribriform plate

For passage of fibers from olfactory nerves (I)

Perpendicular plate

What are the names of these sutures?

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1) Coronal suture

2) Lambdoid suture

3) Sagital suture

What are the names of the reference points?

What bones does 1 join? 4

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1) Pterion

2) Bregma

3) Lambda

- Sphenoid

- Frontal

- Temporal

- Parietal

When does normal obliteration of the sutures occur?

How long does it take to complete?

What is this obliteration called?

30-40 yo

10 y

Craniosynostosis

- Skin

- Connective tissue (dense & vascularized)

- Aponeurosis (epicranial. Connect muscles from forhead & occipital region)

- Loose connective tissue

- Periosteum (adheres to the bone)

Why do scalp wounds bleed profusely?

What happens to deep scalp wounds (reach aponeurosis)?

Scalp is highly vascularized -> heals quickly

Gape widely

Which layer of the scalp is called the "danger area"?

What is it continuous with?

What is the buildup of fluid in this area called?

How do infections in the "danger area" enter the cranial cavity?

Loose connective tissue

The subcutaneous tissue around the eyes & root of the nose -> infection or fluid can spread to eyelids & nose

Ecchymosis

Thru the emissary veins