All of the following are true of the adrenal medulla except:

1. some cells of the adrenal medulla secrete epinephrine
2. some cells of the adrenal medulla secrete norepinephrine
3. the adrenal medulla is a modified sympathetic ganglion
4. the systemic effect of the adrenal medulla are immediate
5. there are no exceptions; all of the above are true

Decreased levels of parathyroid hormone could result in a

1. depressed immune system
2. increased sweating
3. profuse urination
4. muscule spasms
5. all of the above

"Hypothalamic centers regulate nervous and endocrine system activities by:

1. secreting regulatory hormones to control pituitary gland activities
2. acting as an endocrine organ, releasing ADH and oxytocin
3. direct control over endocrine cells
4. all of the above
5. none of the above

Changes in the composition of extracellular  fluid are called

1.  endocrine reflexes
2. hormonal stimuli
3. neural stimuli
4. humoral stimuli
5. none of the above

The adenohypophysis can be divided into 3 regions:

1. pars distalis, pars tuberalis, and pars intermedia
2.  supraoptic, supra chiasmatic, and paraventricular nuclei
3. neurohypophysis, infundibulum, and adenohypophysis
4. adenohypophysis hypophyseal portal, and neurohypophysis
5. none of the above

Which hormone stimulates egg development and the secretion of estrogens by ovarian cells?

1. thyroid stimulating hormone TSH
2.  oxytocin OT
3. luteinizing hormone LH
4. follicle stimulating hormone FSH
5. andtiduretic hormone ADH

Hormones released into the insterstitial fluid by the anterior pituitary enter the circulation easily because they are brought through the choroid plexus by active transport

1. a strong countercurrent mechanism maintains a concentration gradient that draws them in
2. they pass easily through the infundibulum
3. the adjacent capillaries are fenestrated to permit passage of large molecules into the circulation
4. none of the above

The only hormone to target all cells to some degree is

1. insulin
2. luteinizing hormone LH
3. growth hormone GH
4. thyroid hormone
5. none of the above 

Adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH causes the release of

1. growth hormone by the pituitary
2. steroids by the adrenal cortex
3. gonadotropins by the testes thyroid hormones by the pitiuitary
4. hypothalamic releasing hormones

ADH is manufactured by the:

1. supra chiasmatic neucleus
2. anterior pituetary
3. posterior pituitary
4. supraoptic neucleus
5. paraventricular nucleus

Which hormone decreases the concentration of calcium ions in  body fluids?

1. parathyroid hormone
2. calcitonin
3. thymosin
4. thyroxin
5. triiodothyronine

Which of the followind does not apply to C cells?

1. they lie among the cuboidal follicle cells in the thyroid gland
2. their secretions assist the function of parathyroid hormone
3. these cells do not stain as clearly as do the follicular cells
4. they are larger than the cells of the follicular epithelium
5. they produce the hormone calcitonin

The hypophyseal portal system allows:

1. the blood brain barrier to include the pituitary gland
2. wastes from the brain to stimulate the pituitary
3. regulating hormones to go directly from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
4. blood frome the brain to drain to the internal juglar vein
5. all of the above

The thyroid gland is located just anterior to the

1. spinal column
2. esophagus
3. trachea
4. larynx
5. heart

1. it consists of 3 different layers
2. each zone synthesizes different steroid homones
3. if one zone is damaged the others can take over its functions
4. it is yellow in color because of the presence of stored lipids
5. there are no exceptions all of the above are true

The lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the 

1. isthmus
2. medulla
3. thyroid chiasm
4. infundibulum
5. cortex

Which of the following hormones contain iodine in its structure?

1. erythropoietin
2. triiodothyronine
3. thyroxine
4. antiotensin I
5. both 2 &3

Myxedema and cretinism can result from the underproduction of:

1. estrogens
2. insulin
3. androgens
4. thyroxine
5. thymosin

The zona glomerulosa is so named because its glandular cells are arranged as

1. a highly branched system
2. tight clusters of cells
3. individual cells surrounded by matrix
4. longitudinal cords
5. none of the above

Which of the following is (are) a mineralocorticoid?

1. androgens
2. cortisol
3. ADH
4. thyroxine
5. aldosterone

The ____ is firmly attached to the superior border of the kidney.

1. thyroid
2. pancreas
3. adrenal gland
4. stomach
5. all of the above

The chief cells of the parathyroid gland monitor

1. blood glucose levels
2. calcitonin levels
3. blood calcium levels
4. blood phosphate levels
5. none of the above

Which glands stores its hormone extracellularly?

1. kidney
2. pituitary
3. thyroid
4. adrenal cortex
5. pancreas

Gigantism and acromegaly occur as a result of 

1. overproduction ofparathyroid hormone
2. insufficient production of estrogen
3. overproduction of growth hormone
4. overproduction of mineralocorticoids
5. insufficient secretion of epinephrine

Pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans ) contain all of the following cell types except

1. alpha cells
2. delta cells
3. gamma cells
4. beta cells
5. there are no exceptions all of theaove are found in pancreatic islets

All endocrine structures develop from ___ tissue. 

1. epithelial
2. neural
3. muscle
4. connective
5. none of the above

The two hormones released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland are:

1. ADH and oxytocin
2. estrogen and progesterone
3. GH and prolactin
4. thyroid hormone and somatotropin
5. none of the above

What organs is (are) nervous in structure but endocrine in function?

1. adrenal medulla 
2. posterior pituitary
3. thyroid
4. anterior pituitary
5. both a & b

5. both 1 & 2

adrenal medulla 

posterior pituitary

How do the cells of the adrenal medulla differ from other glandular cells?

1. they form from modified sympathetic ganglionic neurons
2. they do not differ from other cells
3. they are a modified parasympathetic ganglion
4. theyare chief cells that have migrated from the kidneys
5. none of the above are differences between adrenal medulla and other glandular cells

1. they form from modified sympathetic ganglionic neurons

Which of the following organs secrete hormones?  

 A) 1 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

B) 1 3 5 7 9

C) 6 7 8 9 10

D) 2 4 6 8 10

E)1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

The zona reticularis releases very small amounts of:

1. aldosterone
2. mineralcorticoids
3. glucocorticoids
4. androgens
5. none of the above