Term
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Definition
Passes through the head, body, or limb
parallel to the median plane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Divides the head, body, or limb longitudinally into equal right and left halves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cuts across the head, body, or limb at a right angle to its long axis or across the long axis of an organ or a part. |
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Term
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Definition
| Runs at right angles to the median and transverse planes and thus divides the body or head into dorsal and ventral portions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Toward or relatively near the back and corresponding surface of the head, neck, and tail; on the limbs it applies to the upper or front surface of the carpus, tarsus, metapodium, and digits (opposite to the side with the pads). |
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Term
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Definition
| Toward or relatively near the belly and the corresponding surface of the head, neck, thorax, and tail. This term is never used for the limbs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Toward or relatively near the median plane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Away from or relatively farther from the median plane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Toward or relatively near the head; on the limbs it applies proximal to the carpus and tarsus. In reference to the head, it is replaced by the term rostral. |
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Term
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Definition
| Toward or relatively near the nose; applies to the head only. |
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Term
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Definition
| Toward or relatively near the tail; on the limbs it applies proximal to the carpus and tarsus. Also used in reference to the head. |
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Term
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Definition
| Relatively near the main mass or origin; in the limbs and tail, the attached end. |
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Term
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Definition
| Away from the main mass or origin; in the limbs and tail, the free end. |
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Term
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Definition
| The aspect of the forepaw on which the pads are located—the surface that contacts the ground in the standing animal—and the corresponding surface of the metacarpus and carpus. |
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Term
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Definition
| The aspect of the hindpaw on which the pads are located—the surface that contacts the ground in the standing animal—and the corresponding surface of the metatarsus and tarsus. The opposite surface of both forepaw and hindpaw is known as the dorsal surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| Of, pertaining to, or relative to the axis. In reference to the digits, the functional axis of the limb passes between the third and fourth digits. The axial surface of the digit faces the axis, and the abaxial surface faces away from the axis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of one bone in relation to another in such a manner that the angle formed at their joint is reduced. The limb is retracted or folded; the digit is bent; the back is arched dorsally. |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of one bone upon another such that the angle formed at their joint increases. The limb reaches out or is extended; the digit is straightened; the back is straightened. Extension beyond 180 degrees is overextension. |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of a part away from the median plane. |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of a part toward the median plane. |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of a part when outlining the surface of a cone (e.g., the arm extended drawing a circle). |
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Term
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Definition
| The movement of a part around its long axis (e.g., the action of the radius when using a screwdriver). The direction of rotation of a limb or segment of a limb on its long axis is designated by the direction of movement of its cranial or dorsal surface (e.g., in medial rotation of the arm, the crest of the greater tubercle is turned medially). |
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Term
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Definition
| Lateral rotation of the appendage so that the palmar or plantar surface of the paw faces medially. |
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Term
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Definition
| Medial rotation of the appendage from the supine position so that the palmar or plantar surface will face the substrate. |
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Term
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Definition
| For the arm (between should er and elbow). |
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Term
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Definition
| For the forearm (between the elbow and carpus). |
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Term
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Definition
| For the leg (between the stifle and tarsus). |
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