Skull (22)

vertebral column (26)

Thoracic cage (25)

Ribs sternum

a framework that supports and protects organs in the dorsal and ventral body cavities,

and attachment sites for muscles

1. pectoral girdle and upper limbs

2. pelvic girdle and lower limbs

two:

1. axial division

2. appendicular skeleton

8;

1. occipital

2. patietal (2)

3. frontal

4. temporal (2)

5. sphenoid

6. ethmoid

1. maxilla

2. palatine

3. nasal

4. zygomatic

5. lacrimal

6. inferior nasal conchae

7. vomer

8. mandible

9. lambdoid

10. sagittal

11. coronal

12. frontalnasal

13. squamous

• Articulates with the temporal, parietal, and sphenoid bones
• has the foramen magnum; on the infeior side (spinal cord exsist through it)
• occipital condyles; large rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum and articulte with1st vertebra
• occipital crest is a ridge extending from the foramen magnum and enging in an enlargment called the external occipital protuberance

• articulates with the parietal, sphenoid, ehtmoid, nasal, lacrimal, maxillary, zygomantic bones
• contains two parts
• 1. frontal part (forehead and its vertical)
• 2. orbital part (the roof of the orbit and is horizontal)

• make up the lateral walls of the skull
• articulate with the patiental, zygomatic, sphenoid, mandibular, occipital bones
• divided into 3 parts
• 1. squamous part
• 2. zygomatic process
• 3. mastoid process

• the largest facial bones, make up the upper jaw
• articulate with every other facial bone except the mandible
• orbital rim makes up the superior border of the bone (protects the eye)
• infraorbital foramen, where the nerve passes
• infraorbital groove- inside the orbit  

1. squamous part

2. zygomatic process

3. mastoid process

• articulates with every other cranial bone plus the palatine, zygomatic, maxillae, and vomer of the facial complex
• spans across the floor of the cranium uniting the skull together
• (general shape is that of a bat of a flying bird with wings spread)

• the most irregularly shaped cranial bone
• articulates with the frontal, sphenoid, maxillae, lacrimal, palatine and vomer bones
• makes up the anteromedial floor of the cranium, the roof of the nasal cavity and part of the nasal septum

• L-shaped bones posterior to the maxillae
• The bottum of the L makes up the horizontal plate
• articulates with the palatine process of the maxillae to make the hard plate

• are similar in structure to the superior and middle nasal conchae of the ethmoid, however theyre sperate bones
• found bilateral to the nasal septum making up the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

• cheek bones
• a small zygomaticfacial foramen allows sensory nerves to reach the skin

• found posterior to the frontal processes of the maxillae
• the SMALLEST of the skull bones
• medial orbital is partly the lacrimal bone

• low jaw, only articulates with the temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint
• the bone is divided into two portions

1. U-shaped horizontal body contains the alveolar processes for the lower teeth

2. alveolar part, the entire area where teeth attach

• made up of 7 bones that surround and protect the eyes
• depresstion created by these bones is called the orbit
• orbit contains the eye, lacrimal gland, adipose tissue, nerves, blood vessels, and muscles that move eyes
• structure
• -roof- frontal bone
• -floor- maxilla
• -medial wall-lacrimal and ethmoid bone
• -posterior wall-spheniod and palatine bones
• -lateral wall- zygomatic bone

• made up of 12 bones surrounding and dividing the nasal caity

• u-shaped bone that lies inferior to the mandible in the anterior neck
• does NOT have and direct contact with any other bone
• stylohyoid ligaments suspend the hyoid from the styloid process
• Greater horns, extend posterolaterally from the body and serve as  tongue muscle attachments and support larynx

1. encloses and protects the spinal cord
2. supports the skull
3. supports the weight of the head, neck and trunk
4. transfers weight to the lower limbs
5. helps maintain the upright postion of the body

1. cervical curve

2. Thoracic curve

3. Lumbar curve

4. Sacral curve

• posteriorly sweeing curves of the thoracic and sacral regions
• these curves develop BEFORE birth, to  allow the abdominopelvic viscera more room
• formed first and accomodate the developing organ (hence their names)

• develop in the infact and toddler as anteriorly sweeping curve of the cervical and lumbar regions
• develop as the infant learns to hold up their head and begins to walk
• compensate for changes in the body position from horizontal to vertical

1. 1, Nucleus pulposis

2. Annulus fibrosis

• 7 total, are the smallest and most superior
• only vertebrae to have transeverse foramen
• most flexible region
• has 3 unique vertebrae (atlas C1, axis C2, and vertrbra prominens) 

• has no body, articulates with the occipital condyles
• allow one to shake their head YES!

• second vertebae
• dens, causes there to be NO intervertebral disc
• artuculation between the atlas and axis allow one to shake their head NO

four part break of C1

occurs from; diving into shallow water, impact against the rooof of a car

• last cervical vertebrae
• has a long slender spinous process and enlarged transverse processes that may or may not contain transverse foramen
• ligamentum nuchae- extends from the C7 process cranially to the occipital crest (damage to this is called whiplash)

damage to the ligamentum nuchae, acceleration flexion-extension neck injury; cervical acceeration deceleration (CAD).

soft tissue cervical hypertension injury