Term
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Definition
| The science of body structures and the relationships among structures. |
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Term
| techniques to assess structure and function (4) |
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Definition
1. Palpation (touching): pulse
2. Auscultation (listening): lungs
3. Percussion (tapping): for size, consistency, and position
4. Inspection (seeing) |
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Term
| the systems of the body (12) |
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Definition
1. Integumentary
2. Lymphatic
3. Immune
4. Skeletal
5. Muscular
6. Respiratory
7. Nervous
8. Digestive
9. Endocrine
10. Urinary
11. Cardiovascular
12. Reproductive |
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Term
| characteristics of the living human organism (6) |
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Definition
These are certain processes carried on by organisms that distinguish them from nonliving things.
1. metabolism
2. responsiveness
3. movement
4. growth
5. differentiation
6. reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
| The sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body. Includes breaking down large, complex molecules into smaller, simpler ones and building the body's structural and functional components. |
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Term
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Definition
A characteristic of the living human organism.
The body's ability to detect and respond to changes in its internal or external environment.
ex: nerve cells respond by generating electrical signals called nerve impulses |
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Term
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Definition
A characteristic of the living human organism.
Motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny structures inside cells. |
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Term
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Definition
A characteristic of the living human organism.
An increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells, the number of cells, or both, or because the material between cells increases. |
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Term
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Definition
A characteristic of the living human organism.
The process a cell undergoes to develop from an unspecified state to a specialized state.
ex: stem cells are "ancestor cells" which can divide and give rise to progeny that undergo changes to specialized states |
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Term
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Definition
A characteristic of the living human organism.
Either the formation of new cells for growth, repair, or replacement, or the production of a new individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| The condition of equilibrium in the body's internal environment produced by ceaseless interplay of all the body's regulatory processes. |
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Term
| kinds of extracellular fluids (7) |
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Definition
Referred to as the "body's internal environment".
1. interstitial (between cells of tissues)
2. plasma (in blood vessels)
3. lymph
4. cerebrospinal
5. synovial
6. aqueous humor (eye)
7. vitreous body |
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Term
| systems of regulation and how they work (2) |
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Definition
1. nervous system: detects change and rapidly sends nerve impulses to counteract disruption
2. endocrine system: works slowy, regulating homeostasis by secreting hormones |
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Term
| factors that must be maintained inside the body for homeostasis (8) |
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Definition
1. pH
2. temperature
3. wastes
4. nutrients
5. electrolytes
6. CO2
7. O2
8. water (body fluids) |
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Term
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Definition
| A cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is continually monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, reevaluated, and so on. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any disruption that changes a controlled condition such as temperature, blood pressure, or blood glucose level. |
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Term
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Definition
Body structures that monitor changes in a controlled condition and send input in the form of nerve impulses or chemical signals to a control center.
ex: nerve endings in the skin |
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Term
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Definition
| This sets the range of values within which a controlled condition should be maintained, evaluates the input it recieves from receptors, and generates output commands when needed. |
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Term
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Definition
A body structure that recieves output from the control center and produces a response that changes the controlled condition.
ex: nearly every organ and tissue can act as this; like when muscles shiver |
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Term
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Definition
| Reverses a change in a controlled condition. |
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Term
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Definition
Tends to strengthen or reinforce a change in one of the body's controlled conditions.
ex: like in childbirth |
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Term
definition and purpose of
anatomical position |
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Definition
Standing facing observer, head level, eyes forward, feet forward and flat on the floor, arms at sides with palms turned forward.
This way the body is easier for us to visualize and understand how it is organized into various regions. |
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Term
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Definition
1. prone: lying face down
2. supine: lying face up |
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Term
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Definition
1. head (skull and face)
2. neck
3. trunk (chest, abdomen, pelvis)
4. upper limbs (shoulders, armpits, arms)
5. lower limbs (buttocks, thighs, legs, ankles, feet) |
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Term
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Definition
| Imaginary flat surface that passes through body parts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Flat surface of a three-dimensional structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| A vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides. |
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Term
| midsagittal (median) plane |
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Definition
| A sagittal plane that passes through the midline of the body or organ and divides it into equal right and left sides. |
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Term
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Definition
| A sagittal plane that does not pass through the midline of the body or organ. |
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Term
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Definition
| A vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A plane that passes through the body or organ at an angle between the transverse plane and either a sagittal or a frontal plane. |
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Term
| transverse (cross-sectional, horizontal) plane |
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Definition
| A plane that divides the body or organ into superior and inferior portions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nearer to or at the front of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nearer to or at the back of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nearer to the midline (midsagittal plane). |
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Term
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Definition
| Farther away from the midline (midsagittal plane). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| On the same side of the body as another structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| On the opposite side of the body as another structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nearer to the origin or point of attachment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Farther from the origin or point of attachment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Toward or on the surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| Away from or below the surface. |
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Term
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Definition
Spaces within the body that help protect, separate, and support internal organs.
1. dorsal
2. ventral
3. abdominopelvic |
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Term
| dorsal cavity and its subdivisions (2) |
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Definition
Near the posterior surface of the body.
1. cranial cavity: cranial bones and brain
2. vertebral cavity: backbone and spinal cord |
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Term
| ventral cavity and its subdivisions (2) |
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Definition
On the anterior side of the body.
1. thoracic cavity: superior containing ribs, chest muscles, sternum, portion of backbone
a. 2 pleural (lung) cavities
b. pericardial (heart) cavity
c. mediastinum cavity: between pleurals
2. abdominopelvic cavity |
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Term
| abdominopelvic cavity and its subdivisions (2) |
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Definition
Inferior portion of the ventral cavity which extends from diaphragm to groin and is encircled by the abdominal wall and bones and muscles of the pelvis.
1. abdominal cavity: stomach, spleen liver, gallbladder, small intenstine, most of the large intestine
2. pelvic cavity: urinary bladder, parts of the large intestine, internal reproductive organs |
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Term
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Definition
| Made up of a parietal layer and a visceral layer. |
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Term
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Definition
| Layer of the serous membrane which lines the walls of body cavities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Layer of the serous membrane which covers and adheres to the viscera within body cavities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluid in the serous membranes which reduces friction, allowing the viscera to slide somewhat during movement. |
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Term
| serous membrane locations (3) |
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Definition
1. pleural
2. pericardium
3. peritoneum |
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Term
| abdominopelvic regions (9) |
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Definition
(left to right, top to bottom, 3 across and 3 down)
right hypochondriac,
epigastric,
left hypochondriac,
right lumbar,
umbilical,
left lumbar,
right inguinal (iliac),
hypogastric (pubic),
left inguinal (iliac) |
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Term
| abdominopelvic quadrants (4) |
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Definition
right upper (RUQ),
left upper (LUQ),
right lower (RLQ),
left lower (LLQ) |
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Term
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Definition
| The science of body functions or how the body parts work. |
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