Term
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Definition
| In _______ __________, we let the forces inherent to the tissues restore the system the system to a resting position after inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
| In ______ __________, we use muscular effort to push just a little farther after inspiration |
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Term
| Respiration, forced inspiration, expiration |
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Definition
| We are capable of quiet __________ as well as ______ __________ and __________ |
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Term
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Definition
| Expiration may be passive, driven by the forces of ___________ and _______ |
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Term
| Abdomen, Pulling the Rib Cage Down |
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Definition
| We may also use muscles that reduce the size of the thorax by compressing the _______ or _______ ___ ___ ____ ____, and this will force air out of the lungs beyond that which is expired in passive expiration |
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Term
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Definition
| Device used to measure respiratory flow, volumes, and capacities |
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Term
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Definition
| Classic U-tube used to measure air pressure differences |
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Term
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Definition
| the actual movement of air in the conducting respiratory pathway |
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Term
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Definition
| migration of fluid through a barrier |
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Term
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Definition
| the actual gas exchange across the alveolar-capillary membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| the volume of air exchanged by an organism in 1 minute |
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Term
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Definition
| the volume of air on one cycle of respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| the volume of air exchanged during one cycle of quiet respiration |
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Term
| Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) |
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Definition
| the volume of air that can be inhaled after a tidal inspiration |
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Term
| Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) |
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Definition
| the volume of air that can be expired following a passive, tidal expiration. Also known as resting lung volume |
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Term
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Definition
| the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum exhalation |
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Term
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Definition
| the volume of air within the conducting passageways that cannot be involved in gas exchange (included as a component of residual volume) |
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Term
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Definition
| the total volume of air that can be inspired after a maximal expiration. Combination of IRV+ERV+TV=?. Approximately 4000cc in the average adult |
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Term
| Functional Residual Capacity |
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Definition
| the volume of air remaining in the body after a passive exhalation ERV+RV=?. Approximately 2100ml in an average adult |
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Term
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Definition
| the sum of all the volumes TV+IRV+ERV+RV=?. Total approximately 5100cc |
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Term
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Definition
| the maximum inspiratory volume possible after tidal expiration TV+IRV=?. This refers to the capacity of the lungs and represents a volume of approximately 3000cc in the adult |
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Term
| Intraoral (Mouth) Pressure |
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Definition
| air pressure measured within the mouth |
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Term
| Alveolar (Pulmonic) Pressure |
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Definition
| air pressure measured at the level of the alveolus in the lung |
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Term
| Pleural (Intrapleural) Pressure |
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Definition
| Pressure measured within the pleural linings of the lungs |
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Term
| Volumes, Pressures, and Respiratory System |
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Definition
| _______ and _________ vary as a direct function of the forces acting on the respiratory system |
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Term
| Oral Pressure, Subglottal Pressure, and Alveolar Pressure |
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Definition
| When the vocal folds are open, what three pressures are roughly equivalent? |
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Term
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Definition
| What pressure will remain constantly negative, increasing in negativity during inspiration? |
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Term
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Definition
| All of the pressures discussed are relative to what pressure? |
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Term
| Negative Alveolar Pressure |
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Definition
| During inspiration, expansion of the thorax decreases the already negative intrapleural pressure, and the increased lung volume results in a ________ ________ ________ |
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Term
| Air from outside the body will flow into the lungs |
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Definition
| What happens as a result of the pressure difference between the lungs and the atmosphere? |
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Term
| Positive Alveolar Pressure |
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Definition
| During expiration, the pressure difference between the lungs and the atmosphere is reversed, with air escaping the lungs to equalize the _______ ________ ________ with the relatively negative atmospheric pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of contracting musculature deforms the cartilage and connective tissue, and ______ ______ drive the respiratory system back to equilibrium after inspiration or expiration |
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Term
| Positive Alveolar Pressure |
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Definition
| relaxing the musculature after inspiration results in a _______ ________ ________ that decreases as volume approaches RLV |
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Term
| Negative Relaxation Pressure |
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Definition
| when the pressure is measured following forced expiration, a ________ __________ ________ is found, increasing to equity at RLV |
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Term
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Definition
| Negative pressures are a function of the? |
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Term
| Expanded lungs and torqued cartilage |
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Definition
| the positive pressure arises from the? |
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Term
| Posture and Body Position |
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Definition
| what plays an important role in volumes for respiration? |
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Term
| Rostrally (towards the lungs) |
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Definition
| When the body is placed in a reclining position, the abdominal contents shift where as a result of gravity? |
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Term
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Definition
| Aside from reducing RLV, the force of gravity on the abdomen does what to the effort required for inspiration |
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Term
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Definition
| to alter the respiratory cycle to capitalize on expiration time and restrain that expiration through ________ ______ |
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