Term
| how many layers is the scalp |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which layers of the scalp are bound together |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of glands does the skin of the scalp have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the layers of the scalp |
|
Definition
| skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis, loose areolar connective tissue, pericranium |
|
|
Term
| describe the connective tissue of the scalp |
|
Definition
| fibrous, fatty with septa that connect skin to aponeurosis |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the aopneurosis of the scalp |
|
Definition
| connects bellies of the occipirofrontals |
|
|
Term
| where is the loose areolar connective tissue of the scalp located |
|
Definition
| in the subaponeurotic space |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the outer covering of the scull bones |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin and insertion of the occipital belly |
|
Definition
| nuchal line of the occipital bone to the epicranial apoenurosis |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin and insertion of the frontal belly |
|
Definition
| originates from the skin and superificial fascia of the eyebrow area and inserts into the epicranial aponeurosis |
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the occipitofrontals |
|
Definition
| move the scalp on the skull and raise the eyebrows |
|
|
Term
| what innervates the occipitofrontals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is the occipitogfrontals divided |
|
Definition
| into two bellies: occipital and frontal |
|
|
Term
| where are the sensory nerves of the scalp located |
|
Definition
| in the superificial fascia |
|
|
Term
| what are the sensory nerves of the scalp |
|
Definition
| supratrochlear, supraorbital, zygomaticotemporal, auriculotemporal, lesser occipital, greater occipital |
|
|
Term
| what is the supratrochlear nerve a branch od |
|
Definition
| the ophthalmic division of the trigemina nerve |
|
|
Term
| what is the supraorbital nerve a branch of |
|
Definition
| the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve |
|
|
Term
| what is the zygomaticotemporal nerve a branch of |
|
Definition
| maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve |
|
|
Term
| what is the auriculotemporal nerve a branch of |
|
Definition
| mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve |
|
|
Term
| what is the lesser occipital nerve a branch of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the greater occipital nerve a branch od |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the arteries of the scalp |
|
Definition
| supratrochlear, supraorbital, superificial temporal, posterior auricular, occipital |
|
|
Term
| what are the supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries a branch of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what general area are the supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries located in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the superificial temporal artery a branch of |
|
Definition
| terminal branch of the external carotid artery |
|
|
Term
| where is the superificial temporal artery located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the posterior auricular artery a branch of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the posterior auricular artery located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the occipital artery a branch of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the occipital artery supply |
|
Definition
| the skin on the back of the scull |
|
|
Term
| what veins form the facial vein |
|
Definition
| supratrochlear and supraorbital |
|
|
Term
| where do the supratrochlear and supraorbital join to form the facial vein |
|
Definition
| medial margin of the orbit of the eye |
|
|
Term
| what forms the external juggular vein |
|
Definition
| suprtificial temporal vein and posterior division of the retromandibular vein |
|
|
Term
| where does the occipital vein drain into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the suboccipital plexus drain into |
|
Definition
| vertebral veins or the internal juggular |
|
|
Term
| what are the diploic veins, what do they connect to, where does this untametly flow to |
|
Definition
| veins that connect to the veins of the scalp (which are freely anastmosing). the diploic veins and scalp veins then connect to the dural sinuses |
|
|
Term
| where does lymph from the anterior scalp and forehead drain to |
|
Definition
| submandibular lymph nodes |
|
|
Term
| where does lymph from the lateral scalp above the ear drain to |
|
Definition
| superificial parotid nodes |
|
|
Term
| where does lymph from above and behind the ear drain to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does lymph in the back of the scalp drain to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the deep fascia of the face |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| repeated folding of the skin perpendicular to the long axis of the underlying muscles and a loss of electicity due to aging |
|
|
Term
| how can scars on the face be minimized |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve supplies the skin of the face |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what area of the skin of the face does the great auricular nerve supply |
|
Definition
| small area over the angle of the mandible and parotid gland |
|
|
Term
| what does the trigeminal nerve supply sensory information to |
|
Definition
| mouth, teeth, nasal cavities, paranasal air sinuses |
|
|
Term
| what are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve |
|
Definition
| ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular |
|
|
Term
| what does the opthalmic division supply |
|
Definition
| skin of the forehead, upper eyelid, conjunctiva, side of nose down to and including the tip |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the opthalmic division |
|
Definition
| larcimal, supraorbital, supratrochlear, infratrochlear, external nasal |
|
|
Term
| what does the maxillary division supply |
|
Definition
| skin on posterior part of the side of nose, lower eye lid, cheek, upper kip, lateral side of orbital opening |
|
|
Term
| what are the cutaneous branches of the maxillary division |
|
Definition
| infraorbital, zygomaticofacial, zygomaticotemporal |
|
|
Term
| what does the mandibular division supply |
|
Definition
| skin of the lower lip, lower part of face, temporal region, part of ear |
|
|
Term
| what are the cutanous branches of the mandibular division |
|
Definition
| mental, buccal, auriculotemporal nerve |
|
|
Term
| what arteries supply the face |
|
Definition
| facial and superficial temporal arteries, small arteries that accompany sensory nerves |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the facial artery |
|
Definition
| upward and over the submandibular salivary gland, around the inferior border of the mandible at the anterior border of the masseter muscle |
|
|
Term
| where can you feel the pulse of the facial artery |
|
Definition
| where it crosses the mandible |
|
|
Term
| what muscles cover the facial artery |
|
Definition
| platysma and risorious muslces |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin and insertion of the platysma and risorious muscles |
|
Definition
| angle of the mouth to the medial angle of the eye |
|
|
Term
| how does the facial artery end, where |
|
Definition
| it anastamose with branches of the opthalmic artery at the medial angle of the eye |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the facial artery |
|
Definition
| submental, inferior labial, superior labial, lateral nasal |
|
|
Term
| what arteries supply the skin of the forehead |
|
Definition
| supraorbital, supratrochlear, opthalmic |
|
|
Term
| how is the facial vein connected to the superior opthalmic vein |
|
Definition
| directly theough the supraorbital vein |
|
|
Term
| how is the facial vein connected to the vacernous sinus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the clinical importants of the connection of the facial vein to the vacernous sinus |
|
Definition
| provides a path for infection to spread from the face to the cavernous sinus |
|
|
Term
| how is the facial vein joined to the pterygoid venous plexus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the descention of the facial vein, is relation to the artery, salivary glands |
|
Definition
| it descends benind the facial artery to the lower margin of the mandible crosses superificial to the submandibular salavary gland and is joined by the anterior division of the retromandibular vein |
|
|
Term
| where does the facial vein ultametly drain into |
|
Definition
| the internal juggular vein |
|
|
Term
| where does lymph from the forehead and anterior face drain into |
|
Definition
| submandibular lymph nodes and a few buccal lymph nodes along the way |
|
|
Term
| where does the lateral face including the lateral eye lids lymph drain to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the lymph from the central lower lip and skin of the chin drain to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are muscles of facial expression embedded in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in general, what is the usual origin and insertion of the muscules of facial expression |
|
Definition
| origin skull bone insertion skin |
|
|
Term
| what surrounds facial orbits |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what innervates facial muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the sphinctor of the eye lid called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the dilators of the eye lid called |
|
Definition
| levator palpebrae superioris and occipitogrontalis |
|
|
Term
| what are the sphinctor muscules of the nose called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the dilator of the nose called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the sphinctor muscle of the mouth called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the dilator muscles of the mouth |
|
Definition
| there is a series of muscles that radiate out from the lips |
|
|
Term
| what is the sphinctor of the lips |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the location of the orbicularis oris |
|
Definition
| around the mouth and within the lips |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the orbicularis oris |
|
Definition
| some from the underlying bones some from the deep surface of the skin |
|
|
Term
| what innervates the orbicularis oris |
|
Definition
| buccak and mandibular branches of the facial nerve |
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the orbicularis oris |
|
Definition
| compress the lips together |
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the dilator muscles of the lips |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the dilator muscles of the lips |
|
Definition
| bones and fascia around the mouth and converge as they insert into the lips |
|
|
Term
| what are the names of the dilator muscles of the lips |
|
Definition
| levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator labii superioris, zygomaticus major and minor, levator anguli oris, risorious, depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, mentalis |
|
|
Term
| what innerfates the depressor muscles of the lips |
|
Definition
| buccal and mandibular branches |
|
|
Term
| where does the buccinator originate |
|
Definition
| outer surface of the aveolar margins of the mandible and maxilla opposite the molars and the pterygomandibular ligament |
|
|
Term
| what pierces the buccinator muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the fibers of the buccinator muscle do at the angle of the mouth |
|
Definition
| the fibers decussate or cross and blend forming part of the orbicularis oris |
|
|
Term
| what innervates the buccinator muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the buccinator muscle |
|
Definition
| compress cheeps and lips against teeth |
|
|
Term
| what are the terminal branches of the facial nerve |
|
Definition
| temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical |
|
|
Term
| where does the facial nerve split into its terminal branches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the temporal branch of the facial nerve supply |
|
Definition
| anterior and superior auricular muscles, frontal belly, orbiularis oculi, corrugator supercilii |
|
|
Term
| what does the zygomatic branch of the facial nerve supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the buccal branch of the facial nerve supply |
|
Definition
| buccinator, muscle sof the upper lip and nostril |
|
|
Term
| what does the mandibular branch of the facial nerve supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the cervical branch of the facial nerve supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two categories of cell signaling |
|
Definition
| intracellular signals and intercellular signals |
|
|
Term
| what are intracellular signals |
|
Definition
| regulatory signals that arise from conditions within a cell |
|
|
Term
| what are intercellular signals |
|
Definition
| response to extracellular regulator signals that are generated to coordinate metabolic activities and other activities essential for the development and survival of organs |
|
|
Term
| what is kalvaria: composition, location, function |
|
Definition
| skull bone with a compact layer, spongy layer, then compact again that creates a durable case for the brain beneath the pericranium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vein that drains the brain |
|
|
Term
| where are dural sinuses located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| branches of the dural sinus that go through skull bone to the scalp |
|
|
Term
| what is the only muscle in the scalp |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is another name for CN 7 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve innervates all facial muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why do to bruises in the face tend to 'drift' |
|
Definition
| because there is no deep facial in the face allowing fluid and blood to drift |
|
|
Term
| what nerve innervates all the skin of the face, what number is it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are superificial temporal and transverse facial arteries connected to the facial artery |
|
Definition
| NO, but sometimes when the transverse facial goes over the facial artery it has a little branch to it |
|
|
Term
| what two deep areas of veins are connected to the facial vein and by what branch, what do all these ultametly drain into |
|
Definition
| the pterygoid venous plexus is connected to the facial by the deep facial vein. the cavernous sinus is connected by the superior opthalmic vein. they all drain into the internal juggular |
|
|
Term
| what is the anterior boundry of the anterior triangle of the neck |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the posterior boundry of the antrior triangle |
|
Definition
| anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid |
|
|
Term
| what is the superior boundry of the anteior triangle |
|
Definition
| inferior border of the body of the mandible |
|
|
Term
| wha muscle groups are in the anterior triangle |
|
Definition
| infrahyoid, suprahyoid, anterior vertebral |
|
|
Term
| what are the infrahyoid muscles |
|
Definition
| sternohyoid, sternothydoid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid |
|
|
Term
| describe the location of the sternohyoid relative to the omohyoid |
|
Definition
| superificial and medial to the superior belly of it |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the sternohyoid |
|
Definition
| posterior surface of the manbrium of the sternum |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the sternohyoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what innervates the sternohyoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the sternohyoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the sternothyroid located relative to the sternohyoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the sternothyroid |
|
Definition
| posterior surface of the manubrium of the sternum |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the sternothryoid |
|
Definition
| oblique line of the thryoid cardilage |
|
|
Term
| what innervates the sternothyroid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the sternothryoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the thyrohyoid located in relation to the sternothyroid |
|
Definition
| upward continuation of it |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the thyrohyoid |
|
Definition
| oblique line of the thryoid cardilage |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the thryohyoid |
|
Definition
| runs superior over the thyroid membrane, inserts into greater horn and body of hyoid |
|
|
Term
| what innervates the thyrohyoid |
|
Definition
| C1 fibers via hypoglossal nerve |
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the thyrohyoid |
|
Definition
| depress hyoid bond or elevate larynx |
|
|
Term
| what is the ansa cervicalis |
|
Definition
| nerve loop with fibers from ventral rami of C1-C3, has a upper and lower root |
|
|
Term
| what is the lower root of the ansa cervicalis made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the path of the lower root of the ansa cervicalis |
|
Definition
| passes superficial to the internal juggular vein, joins upper root to form ansa |
|
|
Term
| what is the upper root of the ansa cervicalis made of |
|
Definition
| appears to originate from the hypoglossal nerve but really has fibers from C1 that joined it for a bit |
|
|
Term
| what does the ansa cervicalis supply |
|
Definition
| sternohypod, sternothyroid, omohyoid |
|
|
Term
| instead of joining the ansa cervicalis, some fibers continue with CN XII, what do they supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the suprahyoid muscles |
|
Definition
| digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the digastric |
|
Definition
| posterior and anterior bellies connected by a intermediate tendon |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin and insertion of the posterior belly of the digastric |
|
Definition
| digastric notch on the mastoid medial to the mastoid process to the intermediate tendon |
|
|
Term
| what does the intermediate tendon of the digastric attach to |
|
Definition
| pierces stylohyoid and runs in fibrous sling connected to body and greater horn of hyoid then becomes continous with anterior belly |
|
|
Term
| what does the anterior belly of the digastric attach to |
|
Definition
| intermediate tendon to the digastric fossa of the mandible |
|
|
Term
| what nerve supplies the posterior belly of the digastric |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve supplies the anterior belly of the digastric |
|
Definition
| nerve to mylohyoid (branch of the inferior alveolar nerve from V3) |
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the digastric |
|
Definition
| depress mandible and elevate hyoid |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the stylohyoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the stylohyoid |
|
Definition
| hyoid bone at junction of body and greater horn |
|
|
Term
| where is the stylohyoid located in relation to the digastric |
|
Definition
| it runs along the superior border of the posterior belly |
|
|
Term
| what pierces the stylohyoid, where |
|
Definition
| near its insertion by the intermediate tendon of the digastric |
|
|
Term
| what nerve supplies the stylohyoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the stylohyoid |
|
Definition
| elevates the hyoid bone and draws it backwards |
|
|
Term
| where is the mylohyoid located in relation to the digastric |
|
Definition
| superior to the anterior belly |
|
|
Term
| what forms the floor of the oral cavity |
|
Definition
| the two mylohyoid muscles |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the mylohyoid |
|
Definition
| mylohyoid line of the mandible |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the myelohyoid |
|
Definition
| most posterior fibers attach to the body of the hyoid, the rest of the fibers terminate in the midline raphe extending from mandible to hyoid |
|
|
Term
| what nerve supplies that mylohyoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the mylohyoid |
|
Definition
| elevates floor of mouth during swallowing, elevates hoid bone, depresses mandible |
|
|
Term
| where is the geniohyoid located in relation to the mylohyoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the geniohyoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the geniohyoid |
|
Definition
| anteroir surface of the body of the hyoid |
|
|
Term
| what innervates the geniohyoid |
|
Definition
| C1 fibers via hypoglossal nerve |
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the mylohyoid |
|
Definition
| elevate hyoid bone, draw it forward, depress mandible |
|
|
Term
| what are the anterior vertebral muscles |
|
Definition
| longus capitis, longus colli, rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of longus capitis |
|
Definition
| transverse process of C3-C6 |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of longus capitis |
|
Definition
| inferior surface of basilar part of occipital bone |
|
|
Term
| what innervates longus capitis |
|
Definition
| branches from the ventral rami of C1-C3 |
|
|
Term
| what is the action of longus capitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of longus colli |
|
Definition
| inferior oblique, superior oblique, vertical |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin and insertion of the inferior oblique of the longus colli |
|
Definition
| bodies of first 2-3 thoracic vertebra to transverse process of C5-C6 |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin and insertion of the superior oblique of the longus colli |
|
Definition
| extends from the transverse processes of C3-C5 to anterior tubercle of the atlas |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin and insertion of the vertical part of the longus colli |
|
Definition
| bodies of upper 3 thoracic and lower 3 cervical vertebra to bodies of C2-C4 |
|
|
Term
| what nerve supplies the longus colli |
|
Definition
| branches of ventral remi of C2-C6 |
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the longus colli |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the rectus capitis anterior located in relation to the longus capitis |
|
Definition
| posterior to the upper part |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the rectus capitis anterior |
|
Definition
| anterior surface of the lateral mass of the atlas and root of its transverse process |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the rectus capitis anterior |
|
Definition
| inferior surface of the basilar part of the occipital bone, immediatly anterior to the occipital condyle |
|
|
Term
| what innervates the rectus capitis anterior |
|
Definition
| branches from liip between ventral rami of c1-C2 |
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the rectus capitis anterior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the rectus capitis lateralis |
|
Definition
| upper surface of the transverse process of the atlas |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the rectus capitis lateralis |
|
Definition
| inferior surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone |
|
|
Term
| what innervates the rectus capitis lateralis |
|
Definition
| branches from loop between ventral rami of C1-C2 |
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the rectus capitis lateralis |
|
Definition
| lateral flexion of the head to the same side of the contracting muscle |
|
|
Term
| what are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle |
|
Definition
| submandibular (digastric) triangle, carotid triangle, muscular triangle, submental triangle |
|
|
Term
| what is the anterior boundry of the submandibular triangle |
|
Definition
| anterior belly of the digastric |
|
|
Term
| what is the posterior boundry of the submandibular triangle |
|
Definition
| posterior belly of the digastric and stylohyoid |
|
|
Term
| what is the superior boundry of the submandibular triangle |
|
Definition
| inferior border of the body of the mandible |
|
|
Term
| what forms the floor of the submandibular triangle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the submandibular triangle |
|
Definition
| submandibular gland, facial vessels, submandibular lymph nodes, hypoglossal nerve, mylohyoid nerve and vessels |
|
|
Term
| what is the anterior and superior boundry of the carotid triangle |
|
Definition
| posterior belly of the digastric |
|
|
Term
| what is the anterior and inferior boundry of the carotid triangle |
|
Definition
| superior belly of the omohyoid |
|
|
Term
| what is the posterior boundry of the carotid triangle |
|
Definition
| anterior border of the sternonucleidomastoid |
|
|
Term
| what are the arteries in the carotid triangle |
|
Definition
| common carotid, initial segment of external and internal carotid, some branches of the external carotid |
|
|
Term
| what are the veins in the carotid triangle |
|
Definition
| internal juggular, some of its tributaries |
|
|
Term
| what are the nerves in the carotid triangle |
|
Definition
| vagus, accessory, hypoglossal, ansa cervicalis, internal and external laryngeal |
|
|
Term
| what lymph nodes are in the carotid triangle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the anterior boundry of the muscular triangle |
|
Definition
| anterior midline of the neck |
|
|
Term
| what is the posterior and superior boundry of the muscular triangle |
|
Definition
| superior belly of the omohyoid |
|
|
Term
| what is the posterior and inferior boundry of the muscular triangle |
|
Definition
| anterior border of the sternonucleidomastoid |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the muscular triangle |
|
Definition
| sternohyoid and sternothryoid muscles, viscera of the neck (thyroid and parathryoid glands, larynx, trachea) |
|
|
Term
| what is the lateral boundry of the submental triangle |
|
Definition
| anterior bellies of the digastric muscles |
|
|
Term
| what is the inferior boundry of the submental triangle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms the floow of the submental triangle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the submental triangle |
|
Definition
| submental lymph nodes, small veins that join to form anterior juggular veins |
|
|
Term
| what is the skin of the back of the scalp and neck innervated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what cervical nerves normally have no cutanous branches |
|
Definition
| dorsal rami of C1 and C6-C8 |
|
|
Term
| what innervates the skin of the anterior and lateral aspecs of the neck |
|
Definition
| ventral rami of C2-C4 by the cutanous branches of the cervical plexus |
|
|
Term
| where doe the nerves that innervate the skin of the anterior and lateral aspecs of the neck emmerge from |
|
Definition
| under posterior border of the sternocleidomadtoid muscle |
|
|
Term
| what are the divisions of the cutanous branches of the cervical plexus |
|
Definition
| lesser occipital nerve (C2 or C2 and C3) and greater auricular nerve (C2, C3) |
|
|
Term
| what does the lesser occipital nerve supply |
|
Definition
| skin over lateral part of occipital region and upper part of medial surface of the auricle |
|
|
Term
| what does the lesser occipital nerve follow |
|
Definition
| posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid |
|
|
Term
| where is the greater auricular nerve located in relation to the muscles and vessels by it |
|
Definition
| superificial to sternocleidomastoid and parallel to external jugular vein |
|
|
Term
| what does the great auricular nerve supply |
|
Definition
| skin over angle of mandible and parotid gland and both surfaces of lower part of the auricle |
|
|
Term
| what spinal nerves is the transverse cervical nerve made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the transverse cervical nerve supply |
|
Definition
| skin anterior and lateral aspects of the neck |
|
|
Term
| where is the transverse cervical nerve in relation to the sternonucleidomastoid |
|
Definition
| superificial and anterior |
|
|
Term
| what spinal nerves make up the aupraclavicular nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the divisions of the supraclavicular nerves |
|
Definition
| medial, intermediate, lateral |
|
|
Term
| in general, where are the supraclavicular nerves located |
|
Definition
| descend across side of lower neck |
|
|
Term
| what do the supraclavicular nerves supply |
|
Definition
| skin at base of neck and skin that covers upper parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles |
|
|
Term
| what is the platysma embedded in |
|
Definition
| superificial fascia of the neck |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the platysma |
|
Definition
| deep fascia that covers upper parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles |
|
|
Term
| what is the inesrtion of the platysma |
|
Definition
| fibers pass superificial to clavicle and run superior and medial over side of neck, some insert into lower border of body of mandible, others enter face and blend with muscles of lower lip and angle of mouth |
|
|
Term
| what nerves supplies the platysma |
|
Definition
| cervical branch of facial nerve |
|
|
Term
| what are the actions of the platysma |
|
Definition
| tense skin of neck, assists in depressing mandible, draws down lower lip and angle of mouth |
|
|
Term
| what joins to make the external juggular vein, where |
|
Definition
| posterior to the mandible, the posterior auricular vein and posterior branch of retromandibular |
|
|
Term
| what does the posterior auricular vein drain |
|
Definition
| scalp posterior and superior to auricle |
|
|
Term
| what forms the retromandibular vein, where at |
|
Definition
| formed within parotig gland by union of superificial tamporal and maxillary veins |
|
|
Term
| what does the retromandibular vein divide into |
|
Definition
| anterior and posterior branches |
|
|
Term
| what does the anterior branch of the retromandibular vein join |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the posterior branch of the retromandibular vein join, what does this form |
|
Definition
| posterior auricular vein forming the external juggular |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the external juggular vein in relation to the other vessels and muscles around it |
|
Definition
| decends obliquly superificial to sternocleidomastoid to the mid clavicle, pierces investing layer of deep cervical fascia, drains into the subclavian vein |
|
|
Term
| what are the tributaries of the external juggular vein |
|
Definition
| transverse cervical, suprascapular, anterior juggular |
|
|
Term
| where does the anterior juggular vein bein, by what joining |
|
Definition
| submental region when several small veins join |
|
|
Term
| describe the location of the anterior juggular bein |
|
Definition
| close to anterior midline just superior to jugular (suprasternal) notch of sternum to sternocleidomastoid, drains into external juggular |
|
|
Term
| what is the juggular venous arch |
|
Definition
| vein that is usually present joining right and left anterior juggular veins across the midline of the body |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid |
|
Definition
| anterior surface of the manubrium of sternum (sternal head) and superior surface of medial third of the clavicle (clavicular head0 |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid |
|
Definition
| two heads of origin join and insert into the mastoid process and lateral part of superiornuchal line |
|
|
Term
| what innervates the sternocleidomastoid |
|
Definition
| accessory nerve (motor) and branches from ventral rami of C2-C3 and spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| what divides the anterolateral part of the neck into anterior and posterior triangles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the sternocleidomastoid |
|
Definition
| unilateral contraction and bilateral contraction |
|
|
Term
| what does the sternocleidomastoid do in unilateral contraction |
|
Definition
| lateral flexion of the head and neck to the same side of contracting muscle, rotation of the head and neck to opposite side of the contracting muscle |
|
|
Term
| what does the sternocleidomastoid do in bilateral contraction |
|
Definition
| draw head forward, flexion of head and nack against resistance (rising from the supine position), if head is fixed it acts as accessory muscle of inspiration |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the deep cervical fascia |
|
Definition
| support muscles, vessels, and viscera of neck |
|
|
Term
| what are the layers of the deep cervical fascia |
|
Definition
| investing layer, pertracheal layer, prevertebral layer, carotid sheath, retropharyngeal space |
|
|
Term
| where is the investing layer of the cervical fascia, what does it contain |
|
Definition
| encircles the neck splitting to enclose sternocleidomastoid and trapezius |
|
|
Term
| what forms the roof of the anterior and posterior triangles |
|
Definition
| investing layer of the deep cervical fascia |
|
|
Term
| where is the pretracheal layer of the cervical fascia located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the pretracheal layer of the cervical fascia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the visceral part of the pretracheal layer of the cervical fascia contain |
|
Definition
| thyroid, trachea, esophagus, larynx, pharynx |
|
|
Term
| what does the muscular part of the pretracheal layer of the cervical fascia contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the buccopharyngeal fascia |
|
Definition
| pretracheal layer of the cervical fascia that is located behind the esophagus |
|
|
Term
| where is the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia surround |
|
Definition
| cervical vertebra, anterior and posterior vertrbral muscles |
|
|
Term
| what is the carotid sheath |
|
Definition
| part of the deep cervical fascia that forms a fascial tube extending from base of skull to root of neck |
|
|
Term
| what does the carotid sheath contain |
|
Definition
| carotid arteries, internal juggular vein, vagus nerve |
|
|
Term
| where is the retropharyngeal space located |
|
Definition
| between buccopharyngeal fascia (anterior) and prevertebral fascia (posterior) |
|
|
Term
| what is the retropharyngeal space filled with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what closes the retropharyngeal space, on what side |
|
Definition
| carotid sheath closes it laterally |
|
|
Term
| what is the span of the retropharyngral space |
|
Definition
| base of skull to mediastinum |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the retropharyngeal space, what accomodates this |
|
Definition
| the loose connective tissue allows movements of pharynx and esophagus during swalloqing |
|
|
Term
| what is the medical concern about the retropharyngeal space |
|
Definition
| infection that is in it could spread all the way down to the mediastinum |
|
|
Term
| what is the anterior boundry of the posterior triangle of the neck |
|
Definition
| posterior border of the strenocleidomastoid |
|
|
Term
| what is the posterior boundry of the posterior triangle of the neck |
|
Definition
| anterior border of the trapezius |
|
|
Term
| what is the inferior boundry of the posterior triangle of the neck |
|
Definition
| middle third of the clavicle |
|
|
Term
| what is covers the posterior triangle of the neck |
|
Definition
| skin, superificial fascia, platysma, investing layer of deep cervical fascia |
|
|
Term
| what forms the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck |
|
Definition
| splenius capitis, levator scapulae, scalenus posterior, and scalenus medius all covered by deep cervical fascia, a bit of the scalenus anterior |
|
|
Term
| what are the divisions of the posterior trinalge of the neck |
|
Definition
| occipital triangle and supraclavicular triangle |
|
|
Term
| what divides the posterior triangle into this two divisions |
|
Definition
| inferior belly of omohyoid |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for the supraclavicular triangle |
|
Definition
| omoclavicular or subclavian |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the scalenus anterior |
|
Definition
| transverse process of c3-C6 |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the scalenus anterior |
|
Definition
| superior surface of 1st rib and scalene tubercle |
|
|
Term
| where is the scalene tubrecle located |
|
Definition
| bony prominence on medial border of 1st rib |
|
|
Term
| what is anterior to the scalenus anterior |
|
Definition
| subclavian vein, phranic nerve, superificial cervical and suprascapular srteries, terminal part of the thoracic duct (on the left) |
|
|
Term
| what are the cervical and suprascapular arteries branches of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is posterior to the scalenus anterior, what are they bound by |
|
Definition
| brachial plexus, subclavian artery bound by scalenus anterior, sclanrus medius and 1st rib |
|
|
Term
| what is the largest and longest scalenus muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the scalenus medius |
|
Definition
| transverse process of C2-C7 |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the scalenus medius |
|
Definition
| superior surface of 1st rib, between costal tubercle and groove for subclavian artery |
|
|
Term
| what is the smallest scalene muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of scalenus posterior |
|
Definition
| transverse process of C4-C6 |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of scalenus posterior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what innervates the scalene muscles |
|
Definition
| direct muscular branches from the ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| what are the actionsof the scalene muscles |
|
Definition
| lateral flexion of neck, accessory muscles of inspiration (elevate rib 1 and 2 in forced inspiration) |
|
|
Term
| how is the omohyoid divided, by what |
|
Definition
| into inferior and superior bellies connected by intermediate tendon |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin and insertion of the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle |
|
Definition
| superior border of scapula medial to the suprascapular notch to the intermediate tendon |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin and insertion of the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle |
|
Definition
| begins at intermediate tendon to the body of hyoid |
|
|
Term
| what makes the omohyoid an angular shape |
|
Definition
| loop of deep cervical fascia that surrounds intermediate tendon and attaches inferior to the clavicle and rib 1 |
|
|
Term
| what innervates the omohyoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the omohyoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the arteries in the posterior triangle |
|
Definition
| subclavian, superificial cervical, suprascapular, dorsal scapular, occipital |
|
|
Term
| what are the brins in the posterior triangle |
|
Definition
| external juggular and its tributaries, subclavian sometimes |
|
|
Term
| what are the nerves in the posterior triangle |
|
Definition
| brachial plexus and branches of it, accessory nerve, branches of the cervical plexus |
|
|
Term
| what lymph nodes are in the posterior triangle, what are they next to |
|
Definition
| some cervical nodes long accessory nerve and superificial cervical vessels |
|
|
Term
| what is the sphenoid bone like |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the cranium |
|
Definition
| neurocranium and viserocranium |
|
|
Term
| what is the large hole in the bottom of the skull called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in what bone is the foramen magnum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the mandible |
|
Definition
| mandibular teeth, mental foramen, mandibular synthesis, coronoid process, condyloid process (head, neck), ramus, angle, aveolar process, body, angle |
|
|
Term
| what are the bones of the cranium |
|
Definition
| ethmoid, frontal, inferior conchae, larcimal, mandible, maxilla, nasal, parietal, sphenoid, temporal, vomer, zygomatic |
|
|
Term
| what are the crainometric points of the cranium |
|
Definition
| pletrion, lambda, bregma, vertex, asterion, glabella, inion, nasion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| junction of the greater wing of the sphenoid, squamous temporal, frontal, and parietal bones. overlies anterior division of the middle margineal artery. weak point |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| point on clavaria at junction of lamboid and saggital sutures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| point of clavaria at junction of coronal and saggital sutures |
|
|
Term
| what is vertex of the skull |
|
Definition
| superior point of neurocranium in middle with cranium orientated in anatomical plant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| star shaped, located at junction of three sutures: parietomastoid, occipitomastoid, lambdoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smooth prominance, most marked in males, on frontal bones superior to the root of nose, most anterior projecting part of forehead |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most prominent point of external occipital protuberance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| point of cranium where rontonasal and internasal sutures meet |
|
|
Term
| what is the parietal foramen next to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what bones form the hard palate |
|
Definition
| palatine process of maxilla, horizontal plate of palatine bone |
|
|
Term
| what are the three cranial fossae |
|
Definition
| anterior, middle, posterior |
|
|
Term
| what forms the anterior cranial fossa |
|
Definition
| foramen cecum, cribiform foramina on cribiform plate, anterir and posterior ethmoidal foramina |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the foramen cecum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the cribiform foramina |
|
Definition
| axons of olfactory cells in olfactory epithelium that form olfactory nerves |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramina |
|
Definition
| vessels and nerves with the same names |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the middle cranial fossa |
|
Definition
| optic canals, superior orbital fissue, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosu,. foramen lacerum, groove of greater pertrosal nerve |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the optic canals |
|
Definition
| optic nerves CNII and opthalmic arteries |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the superior orbital fissures |
|
Definition
| opthalmic veins, opthalmic nerve, CNIII, IV, VI |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the foramen rotundum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the foramen spinosum |
|
Definition
| middle meningeal artery and vein and meningeal branch of maxillary nerve |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the foramen lacerum |
|
Definition
| deep petrosal nerve and some meningeal arterial branches and small veins |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the groove of greater petrosal nerve |
|
Definition
| greater petrosal nerve and petrosal branch of middle menengieal artery |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the posterior cranial fossa |
|
Definition
| foramen magnum, juggular foramen, hypoglassal canal, condylar canal, mastoid foramen |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the foramen magnum |
|
Definition
| medulla and meninges, vertebral arteries CNX!, dural veins, anterior and posterior spinal arteries |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the jugular foramen |
|
Definition
| CN IX, X, XI. superior bulb of internal juggular vein, inferior petrosal and sigmoid sinuses, meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the hypoglasseal canal |
|
Definition
| hypoglasseal nerve (CN XII) |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the condylar canal |
|
Definition
| emissary vein that passes from sigmoid sinus to vertebral veins in neck |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the mastoid foramen |
|
Definition
| mastoid emissary vein from sigmoid sinus and meningeal branch of occipital artery |
|
|
Term
| what bones make up the zygomatic arch |
|
Definition
| zygomatic process of temporal bone, temporal process of zygomatic bone |
|
|
Term
| where does the right common carotid artery originate |
|
Definition
| brachiocephalic trunk posterior to subclavian joint |
|
|
Term
| where does the left common carotid artery originate |
|
Definition
| aortic arch in superior mediastinum |
|
|
Term
| what surrounds the carotid artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the carotid artery divide |
|
Definition
| upper border of the thyroid cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what does the carotid artery divide into |
|
Definition
| external and internal carotid arttery |
|
|
Term
| what is in the carotid sheath (also give their orientation to the carotid) |
|
Definition
| carotid artery, juggular vein (lateral), vagus nerve (between vessels), internal juggular vein (posterior) |
|
|
Term
| what is the carotid sinus, where is it located |
|
Definition
| the terminal part of the carotid artery and begining of the internal carotid artery, a local dilation |
|
|
Term
| what does the carotid sinus contain |
|
Definition
| nerve endings, many from the glossopharyngeal nerve, that are baroreceptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nerve endings that respond to changes in blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| what is the carotid body, where is it located |
|
Definition
| highly vascular epithelial structure at the carotid bifurcation |
|
|
Term
| what does the carotid body contain |
|
Definition
| nerve endings, mostly glossopharyngeal, that are chemoreceptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nerve endings that respond to chemical changes in blood (O2, CO2, pH) |
|
|
Term
| what triangle of the neck does the external carotid ascend through |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| after passing through the carotid triangle, where does the external carotid go? describe its location in relation to the muscles. how does it then end? |
|
Definition
| deep to posterior belly of the digastric and stylohyoid and terminates in the parotid gland, posterior to the neck of the mandible dividing into superificial temporal and maxillary |
|
|
Term
| what are the anterior branches of the external carotid |
|
Definition
| superior thyroid, lingual, facial arteries |
|
|
Term
| what are the posterior branches of the external carotid |
|
Definition
| occipital, posterior auricular |
|
|
Term
| what are the medial branches of the external carotid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the terminal branches of the external carotid |
|
Definition
| superficial temporal and maxillary |
|
|
Term
| what does the superior thyroud supply blood to |
|
Definition
| upper lobe of thyroid gland |
|
|
Term
| what branches off the superior thyroid artery |
|
Definition
| superior laryngeal artery |
|
|
Term
| what pierces the thyrohyoid membrane |
|
Definition
| superior laryngeal artery and internal laryngeal nerve |
|
|
Term
| what bone marks the spot of origin of the lingual artery from the external carotid |
|
Definition
| greater horn of the hyoid |
|
|
Term
| what crosses the initial segment of the lingual artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the relation of the lingual artery to the hypoglossus muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the lingual artery supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the facial artery originate in relation to the lingual |
|
Definition
| immediatly above or in a common trunk with it on the external carotid |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the facial artery from its point of origin to the face (in relation to muscles and bones) |
|
Definition
| deep to posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid, then arches over them and the submandibular gland, curves around inferior border of mandible, enters face |
|
|
Term
| right before the facial artery enters the face, it gives off a bunch of branches. what do they supply? |
|
Definition
| pharynx, soft palate, palatine tonsil, submandibular gland, neighboring muscles |
|
|
Term
| what muscle does the occipital artery originate near |
|
Definition
| from the external carotid near the posterior belly of the digastric |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the occipital artery through the muscles on its way to its terminal branches |
|
Definition
| superior and deep to the posterior belly of the digastric and mastoid process |
|
|
Term
| what do the terminal branches of the occipital artery accompany |
|
Definition
| branches of greater occpital nerve |
|
|
Term
| what do the branches of the occipital artery supply |
|
Definition
| posterior scalp, auricle, middle ear, mastoid air cells, cranial dura mater, neighboring muscles |
|
|
Term
| what muscles does the posterior auricular artery originate near |
|
Definition
| from the external carotid near the posterior belly of the digastric |
|
|
Term
| what notch, or collection of bones, does the posterior auricular artery pass through |
|
Definition
| between cartilage of externa acoustic meatus and mastoid process |
|
|
Term
| what does the posterior auricular artery supply |
|
Definition
| auricle, middle ear, scalp above and behind the ear, parotid gland, neighboring muscles |
|
|
Term
| what is the smallest branch of the external carotid |
|
Definition
| ascending pharyngeal artery |
|
|
Term
| on what wall does the ascending pharyngeal artery ascend, what is its relation to the internal carotid artery |
|
Definition
| pharyngeal wall to cranial base, medial |
|
|
Term
| what does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply |
|
Definition
| pharynx, soft palate, palatine tonsil, middle ear, cranial dura mater |
|
|
Term
| where does the superificial temporal artery ascend in relation to the ear, what accompanies it |
|
Definition
| anterior with the auriculotemporal nerve, superificial temporal vein, |
|
|
Term
| where does the superificial temporal nerve pass on the zygomatic process |
|
Definition
| lateral to the root of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone |
|
|
Term
| what does the superificial temporal artery supply |
|
Definition
| frontal, temporal, parietal regions of the scalp, parotid gland, external ear, face, temporomandibular joint |
|
|
Term
| what is the largest terminal branch of the external carotid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the maxillary artery from its branch point to termination |
|
Definition
| anterior and deep to the neck of the mandible, through the infratemporal fossa, terminates in the pterygopalatine fossa |
|
|
Term
| what does the maxillary artery supply |
|
Definition
| external and middle ear, cranial dura mater, upper and lower taath and gingiva, muscles of mastication, face, hard and soft palate, palatine tonsil, nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
| what collects most of the venous blood from the head and neck |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the internal juggular vein begin |
|
Definition
| jugular foramen as a continuation of hte sigmoid sinus |
|
|
Term
| where does the internal jugular end |
|
Definition
| posterior to the sternoclavicular joint, where it joins subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic vein |
|
|
Term
| what nodes follow the juggular vein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is significant about the upper and lower ends of the internal juggular vein |
|
Definition
| they are dilated, the superior and inferior bulbs |
|
|
Term
| what are the tributaries of the internal juggular vein |
|
Definition
| inferior petrosal sinus and sigmoid sinus, lingual vein, pharyngeal veins, facial vein, superior and middle thyroud vein, occipital vein |
|
|
Term
| what leave the cranial cavity via jugular foramen and drain into the superior bulb of the internal juggular vein |
|
Definition
| inferior petrosal sinus and sigmoid sinus |
|
|
Term
| what is the right subclavian artery posterior to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the left subclavian artery a branch of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the subclavian divided into parts by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the first part of the subclavian |
|
Definition
| from orogin to medial border of scalenus anterior |
|
|
Term
| where is the second part of the subclavian |
|
Definition
| posterior to the scalenus anterior |
|
|
Term
| where is the third part of the subclavian |
|
Definition
| from the lateral border of the scalenus anterior to the border of rib 1, where it becomes continous with axillary artery |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the first part of the subclavian artery |
|
Definition
| vertebral artery thyrocervical trunk, internal thoracic artery |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the second part of the subclavian artery |
|
Definition
| costocervical trunk (may originate from the first part) |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the 3rd part of the subclavian |
|
Definition
| gives rise to dorsal scapular artery or may have no branches |
|
|
Term
| where does the vertebral artery originate |
|
Definition
| 1st part of the aubclavian artery |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the vertebral artery |
|
Definition
| 1. prevertebral 2. cervical 3. atlantic 4. intercranial |
|
|
Term
| where does the first part of the vertebral artery end |
|
Definition
| transverse forament of C6 |
|
|
Term
| what muscles does the first part of the vertebral artery run between |
|
Definition
| longus colli and scalenus anterior |
|
|
Term
| what is posterior to the first part of the vertebral artery |
|
Definition
| cervical sympathetic ganglion |
|
|
Term
| where does the second part of the vertebral artery begin and end |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the second part of the vertebral artery run anterior to |
|
Definition
| ventral rami of corresponding spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| what artery is in the middle of the suboccipital triangle |
|
Definition
| atlantic part of the vertebral artery |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the atlantic part of the vertebral artery |
|
Definition
| runs medially, posterior to lateral mass of the atlantis and enter vertebral canal passing under posterior atlant-ooccipital membrane, it lies within groove on superior surface of posterior arch of atlas |
|
|
Term
| what is the major arterial supply to the brain stem |
|
Definition
| intercranial part of the vertebral artery |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the intercranial part of hte vertebral artery |
|
Definition
| pierces dura mater and arachnoid and ascends into cranial cavity within subarachnoid space via foramen magnum |
|
|
Term
| what part of the vertebral artery gives off its major branches |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what branches does the cervical part of the vertebral artery give off |
|
Definition
| small muscular and spinal |
|
|
Term
| where does the thyrocervical trunk originate |
|
Definition
| from the first part of the subclavian artery just medial to the scalenus anterior muscle and opposite the origin of the internal thoracic artery |
|
|
Term
| how does the thyrocervical trunk end |
|
Definition
| divides into inferior thyroid, superificial cervicial and suprascapular arteries |
|
|
Term
| what does the inferior thyroid artery supply |
|
Definition
| larynx, trachea, pharynx, esophagus, thyroid, parathyroid |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the thyrocervical trunk to the thyroid gland |
|
Definition
| ascends to level of cricoid cartilage and arches medially, posterior to carotid sheath to reach lower part of lobe of thyroid gland |
|
|
Term
| what is the iferior thyroid artery next to |
|
Definition
| recurrent laryngeal nerve |
|
|
Term
| where does the ascending cervical artery originate from, at what location |
|
Definition
| from the inferior thyroid artery and arches medially |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the ascending cervical artery |
|
Definition
| ascends on scalenus anterior and supplies adjacent muscles, gives 1-2 spinal branches |
|
|
Term
| what does the transverse cervical artery run anterior to |
|
Definition
| scalenus anterior, phrenic nerve, brachial plexus |
|
|
Term
| what does the transverse cervical artery supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if the dorsal scapular originates from the artery off the thyrocervical trunk that is the artery called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if dorsal scapular originates from the subclavian artery, what is the branch of the thyrocervical trunk called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the suprascapular artery branch off of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the relationship in location between the suprascapular artery and the transverse cervical artery |
|
Definition
| suprascapular is parappel and inferior to it |
|
|
Term
| what does the suprascapular artery supply |
|
Definition
| muscles on posterior aspect of scapula |
|
|
Term
| where does the costocervical trunk originate |
|
Definition
| 2nd part of the subclavian artery |
|
|
Term
| what does the costocervical trunk pass over before it divides |
|
Definition
| posteriorly over cervical pleura |
|
|
Term
| where does the costocervical trunk divide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the costocervical trunk divide into |
|
Definition
| supreme intercostal artery, deep cervical artery |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the supreme intercostal artery |
|
Definition
| descends in front of neck of 1st and 2nd ribs and gives off posterior intercostal arteries of upper 2 intercostal spaces |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the deep cervical artery |
|
Definition
| passes posterior between transverse process of C7 and neck of rib 1, ascends between semispinalis capitis and semispinalis cervicis muscles |
|
|
Term
| how does the deep cervical artery end |
|
Definition
| anastomoses with branch of occipital artery |
|
|
Term
| what does the deep cervical artery supply |
|
Definition
| deep muscles of the back of neck |
|
|
Term
| where does the dorsal scapular originate |
|
Definition
| from transverse cervical or subclavian artery (usually part 3) |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the dorsal scapular artery |
|
Definition
| passes through brachial plexus, passes deep to levator scapulae to superior angle of the scapula, descends along medial border of scapula, deep to rhomboid muscles |
|
|
Term
| what does the dorsal scapular artery run next to near its end |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the dorsal scapular artery supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the dorsal scapular muscle end |
|
Definition
| anastomoses with suprascapular artery and subscapular artery |
|
|
Term
| what is the subscapular artery a branch of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the subclavian vein begin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the aubclavian artery a continuation of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the subclavian artery |
|
Definition
| over rib 1, anterior and slightly inferior to subclavian artery |
|
|
Term
| how does the subclavian vein end, where |
|
Definition
| posterior to sternoclavicular joint joins internal juggular vein forming bracheocaphalic vein |
|
|
Term
| what is the tributiary of the subclavian vein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of fibers does the vagus nerve contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of nerve is the vagus nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the vagus nerve between in the carotid sheath superiorly |
|
Definition
| internal juggular vein and internal carotid artery |
|
|
Term
| what is the vagus nerve between in the carotid sheath inferiorly |
|
Definition
| internal juggular vein and common carotid artery |
|
|
Term
| what are the sensory ganglia of the vagus nerve |
|
Definition
| superior and inferior ganglion |
|
|
Term
| where is the superior ganglion |
|
Definition
| on the vagus nerve within the juggular foramen |
|
|
Term
| where is the inferior ganglion |
|
Definition
| on the vagus nerve just inferior to the jugular foramen |
|
|
Term
| where does the vagus nerve branch |
|
Definition
| within the juggular foramen |
|
|
Term
| what does the cagus nerve branch into in the juggular foramen |
|
Definition
| meningel and auricular branch |
|
|
Term
| what does the memingeal nerve supply |
|
Definition
| dura mater of posterior cranial fossa |
|
|
Term
| what does the auricular nerve supply |
|
Definition
| auricle, external scoustic meatus, tympanic membrane |
|
|
Term
| what does the auricular nerve run within |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the vagus nerve in the neck |
|
Definition
| pharyngeal, superior laryngeal, cardiac, righ recurrent laryngeal |
|
|
Term
| what does the pharyngeal nerve supply |
|
Definition
| motor innrvation to tmost muscles of the pharynx and soft palate |
|
|
Term
| what forms the pharyngeal plexus |
|
Definition
| pharyngeal nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, and superior cervical ganglion |
|
|
Term
| what does the superior laryngeal divide into |
|
Definition
| internal and external laryngeal nerves |
|
|
Term
| what type of innervation is the internal laryngeal nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of innervation is the external laryngeal nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the internal laryngeal nerve pierce, what goes with it |
|
Definition
| the thyrohyoid membrane with the superior laryngeal vessels |
|
|
Term
| what does the internal laryngeal nerve supply |
|
Definition
| mucosa o laryngopharynx,larynx, posterior tounge |
|
|
Term
| what does the external laryngeal nerve supply |
|
Definition
| circothyroid muscle, part of inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle |
|
|
Term
| where do the cardiac branches of the laryngeal nerve end |
|
Definition
| cardial plexus in the thorax |
|
|
Term
| describe the path or relations to the right recurrent laryngeal nerve |
|
Definition
| curves around inferior aspect of right subclavian artery close to its origin, ascends to larynx in groove between trachea and eshopagus on right side |
|
|
Term
| what type of fibers does the accessory nerve have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve number is the accessory nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| histoircally, what is said to form the accessory nerve |
|
Definition
| cranial and spinal roots joining |
|
|
Term
| in reality waht forms the accessory nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is the cranial root considered, by some, to be part of the cranial nerve |
|
Definition
| it runs with it but really is part of the vagus nerve |
|
|
Term
| where does the accessory nerve originate from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the accessory nerve ascend, what is it posterior to |
|
Definition
| in the vertebral canal, posterior to the denticulate ligament |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the accessory nerves going in and out of the skull |
|
Definition
| originates C1-5 (out), ascends in vertebral canal, enters posterior cranial fossa through foramen magnum (in), exits posterior cranial fossa through juggular foramen (out) |
|
|
Term
| after the vagus nerve finally exits the skill, what its its path |
|
Definition
| descends lateral to the internal juggular vein, enters deep surface of sternonucleomastoid and supplies it, emerges over midpoint of posterior border of sternonucleomastoid, crosses posterior triangle of neck of levator scapulae, disspiears under anterior border of trapezius and supplies it |
|
|
Term
| what type of fibers does the hypoglosseal nerve have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the hypoglosseal nerve supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the hypoglosseal nerve originate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the hypoglosseal nerve exit the skull |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| after exiting the skull, what does the hypoglosseal nerve descend between, when does this relationship end |
|
Definition
| internal carotid artery and internal juggular vein until the angle of mandible |
|
|
Term
| after reaching the angle of the mandible what does the hypoglosseal nerve do |
|
Definition
| curves around occipiral artery and turns forward |
|
|
Term
| after the hypoglosseal curves around occipiral artery and turns forward, where does it go |
|
Definition
| runs anterior to the tounge, superificial to the external carotid, deep to posterior belly of the digastric, stylohoid, mylohyoid muscles |
|
|
Term
| at what location is the hypoglosseal nerve joined by cervical nerves, which ones |
|
Definition
| opposite the atlas it is joined by ventral remi of C1-2 |
|
|
Term
| what do the ventral rami of C1-2 that join the hypoglosseal nerve supply |
|
Definition
| motor innervation to infrahyoir muscles and geniohyoid, and sensory information to dura mater of posterior cranial fossa |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the hypoglosseal nerve |
|
Definition
| meningeal branch, upper root of ansa cervicalis, nerves to thyrohyoid and geniohyoid, terminal branches |
|
|
Term
| where does the meningeal branch of the hypoglosseal nerve branch at |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the meningeal branch of the hypoglosseal nerve supply |
|
Definition
| dura mater of posterior cranial fossa |
|
|
Term
| what fibers does the meningeal branch of the hypoglosseal nerve contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what fibers does the upper root of the ansa cervicalis contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what fibers do the nerves to the thyrohyoid and geniohyoid contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the derminal branches of the hypoglosseal nerve supply |
|
Definition
| intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tounge except the palatoglossus |
|
|
Term
| what fibers do the terminal branches of the hypoglosseal nerves contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the cervical sympathetic trunk between |
|
Definition
| posterior to carotid sheath and anterior to pervertebral muscles |
|
|
Term
| what white communicating rami does the cervical sympathetic trunk recieve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do the preganglionic fibers for the cervical sympathetic trunk originate from |
|
Definition
| upper 4 thoracic segments |
|
|
Term
| what are the ganglia of the cervical sympathetic trunk |
|
Definition
| superior, middle, inferior cervical ganglia, sometimes a 4th vertebral ganglia |
|
|
Term
| if existant, what is the vertebral cervical ganglia located by |
|
Definition
| anterior aspect of vertebral artery close to its origin |
|
|
Term
| what kind of fibers to all cervical ganglia contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the largest cervical ganglion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the superior cervical ganglia |
|
Definition
| internal carotid nerve, external carotid nerve, gray communicating rami to C1-4, pharyngeal branches, superior cervical cardiac nerve |
|
|
Term
| what is the upward continuation of the superior cervical ganglia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the internal carotid nerve divide into |
|
Definition
| branches that form plexus around internal carotid artery and its branches |
|
|
Term
| what does the external carotid nerve join |
|
Definition
| external carotid artery forming a plexus around it and its branches |
|
|
Term
| what does the pharyngeal branches of the superior cervical ganglia join |
|
Definition
| pharyngeal branches of glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves to form pharyngeal plexus |
|
|
Term
| where does the superior cervical cardiac nerve end |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the smallest cervical ganglion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the middle cervical ganglion connonly lie |
|
Definition
| at level of cricoid cartilage, close to arch of inferior thyroid artery |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the middle cervical ganglion |
|
Definition
| gray communicating rami for spinal nerves C5-6, middle cervical cardiac nerve, thyroid branches |
|
|
Term
| where does the middler cervical cardiac nerve end |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the thyroid branches of the middle cervical ganglia follow, where do they end |
|
Definition
| the inferior thyroid artery to the thyroid gland |
|
|
Term
| what does the inferior cervical ganglion commonly fuse with |
|
Definition
| first thoracic ganglion to form cervicothoracici (stellate) ganglion (sometimes seperate though) |
|
|
Term
| what is the inferior cervical ganglion between |
|
Definition
| transverse process of C7 and neck of rib 1 |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the inferior cervical ganglion |
|
Definition
| gray communicating rami of C7-8, branches that accompany vertebral and aubclavian arteries, inferior cervical cardiac nerve, ansa subclavia |
|
|
Term
| where does the inferior cervical cardiac nerve end |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the ansa subclavia connect |
|
Definition
| middle and inferior cervical ganglia |
|
|
Term
| what does the ansa subclavia loop arround |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the cervical plexus formed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the cervical plexus formed, how |
|
Definition
| C1-4 ventral rami are connected by nerve loops anterior to origin of levator scapular and scalenus medius and deep to sternonucleomastoid |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the cervical plexus |
|
Definition
| cutanous branches, ansa cervicalis, phrenic nerve, muscular branches |
|
|
Term
| what are the cutanous branches of the cervical plexus |
|
Definition
| lesser occopital, great auricular, transverse cervical, suprascapular |
|
|
Term
| what spinal nerves form the phrenic nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the phrenic nerve |
|
Definition
| descends anterior to scalenus anterior muscle, crossed by superificial cervical and suprascapular arteries, at root of neck passes anterior to 1st part of subclavian, descends through superior and middle mediastinum to reach diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| what are the muscular branches of the cervical plexus |
|
Definition
| supply anterior vertebral muscles, scalenus medius, levator scapulae, trapezius, sternonucleomastoid |
|
|
Term
| what does the endocrine gland secrete |
|
Definition
| thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), calcitonin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the thyroid gland surrounded by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the thyroid gland derived from |
|
Definition
| pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia, endoderm of floor of pharynx in region where tounge develops |
|
|
Term
| what does the paratracheal layer of the deep cervical fascia attach to |
|
Definition
| attaches gland to trachea and larynx |
|
|
Term
| where is the location of origin of the thyroid gland |
|
Definition
| dorsal surface of the tounge |
|
|
Term
| how is the location of origin of the thyroid gland seen in an adult |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the thyroglossal duct |
|
Definition
| connects the thyroid gland to the tounge, dissipears during development |
|
|
Term
| what are thyroglossal cysts |
|
Definition
| cysts caused by persistence of a segment of thyroglossal duct |
|
|
Term
| where are thyroglossal cysts located |
|
Definition
| in anterior midline of neck, close to hyoid bone |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the thyroid gland |
|
Definition
| two lobes (right and left), isthmus, pyramidal lobe |
|
|
Term
| what does the apex of the thyroid gland reach to |
|
Definition
| oblique line of thyroid cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what does the base of the thyroid gland reach to |
|
Definition
| 4th or 5th tracheal cartilages |
|
|
Term
| what does the isthmus of the thyroid gland extend across to |
|
Definition
| 2nd or 3rd tracheal cartilages |
|
|
Term
| how is the pyrmidal part of the thyroid gland orientated |
|
Definition
| projects up from the isthmus |
|
|
Term
| what is the pyrimidal part of the thyroid a remnent of |
|
Definition
| distal part of thyroglossal duct that does not dissipear |
|
|
Term
| what is anteriolateral to the thyroid gland lobes |
|
Definition
| sternothyroid, sternohyoid, anterior border of sternonucleomastoid |
|
|
Term
| what is posterolateral to the thyroid gland lobes |
|
Definition
| carotid sheath and its contents |
|
|
Term
| what is medial to the thyroid gland lobes |
|
Definition
| larynx, pharynx, esophagus, external laryngeal nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve |
|
|
Term
| what is on the poster border of the thyroid gland lobes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is anterior to the isthmus of the thyroid gland |
|
Definition
| sternothyroid, sternohyoid, anterior juggular vein |
|
|
Term
| what is posterior to the isthmus of the thyroid gland |
|
Definition
| 2nd and 3rd tracheal cartilages |
|
|
Term
| what arteries supply the thyroid gland |
|
Definition
| superior thyroid artery, inferior thyroid artery, thryoid ima |
|
|
Term
| what is the lowest artery of the thyroid gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do people usually have a thyroid ima artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the thyroid ima artery originae from |
|
Definition
| bracheocephalic trunk or aortic arch |
|
|
Term
| what does the thyroid ima ascend on |
|
Definition
| anterior surface of trachea to ischmus |
|
|
Term
| what are the veins of the thyroid gland |
|
Definition
| superior and middle thyroid, inferior thyroid |
|
|
Term
| what is the inferior thyroid vein between |
|
Definition
| trachea and manubrium of sternum |
|
|
Term
| what does the inferior thyroid vein drain into |
|
Definition
| brachiocephlic veins, sometimes right and left form a common trunk and drain into left brachiocephalc |
|
|
Term
| what are the parathyroid glands located between |
|
Definition
| posterior aspect of lobes of thyroid and fascial sheath |
|
|
Term
| what are the superior parathyroid glands lined up with |
|
Definition
| lower border of cricoid cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what are the inferior parathyroid glands lined up with |
|
Definition
| near inferior pole of lobes of thryoid gland, sometimes below the level of the thyroid gland, even in superior mediastium by thymus |
|
|
Term
| which parathyroid set is more variable in position |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the parathyroid glands secrete |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does parathyroid hormone do |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what arteries supply the parathyroid |
|
Definition
| superior and inferior thyroid |
|
|
Term
| what veins supply the parathyroid |
|
Definition
| parathyroid veins that drain into the thyroid venous plexus |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the brain |
|
Definition
| brainstem, cerebellum, ciencephalon, tenecephalon |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the brainstem |
|
Definition
| medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the diencephalon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the medulla |
|
Definition
| anterior median fissue, pyramids, olive, pre-olivary sulcus, retro-olivary sulcusmedullopontine sulcus |
|
|
Term
| what is the anterior median fissure continous with |
|
Definition
| continous inferior with anterior median fissue of spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| what are the pyramids, where are they located |
|
Definition
| 2 longitudinal columns on each side of the anterior median fissue |
|
|
Term
| what is the olive, where is it |
|
Definition
| oval elevation lateral to upper part of pyramid |
|
|
Term
| where is the pre-olivary sulcus |
|
Definition
| between pyramid and olive |
|
|
Term
| what attaches to the pre-olivary sulcus |
|
Definition
| rootlets of the hypoglosseal nerve (CN XIII) |
|
|
Term
| where is the retro-olivary sulcus located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what attaches to the retro-olivary sulcus |
|
Definition
| rootlets of glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and vagus (CN X) nerves |
|
|
Term
| what are the attachments of the retro-olivary sulcus in line with |
|
Definition
| attachment of rootlets of accessory nerve (CN XI) |
|
|
Term
| what is a characteristic of the nerves in the medullopontine sulcus |
|
Definition
| nerves that attach medial to lateral |
|
|
Term
| what nerves are in the medullopontine sulcus |
|
Definition
| abducencs (CN VI), facial nerve (CN VII), vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) |
|
|
Term
| what nerve attaches to the pons, at what part |
|
Definition
| the trigeminal nerve (CN V) attaches to the anterior surface |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the midbrain |
|
Definition
| cerebral crura (cerebral peduncles) |
|
|
Term
| what are the cerebral crura formed by |
|
Definition
| two columns of descending fibers one on each side |
|
|
Term
| what nerve attaches to the midbrain, on which part |
|
Definition
| oculomotor nerve (CN III) to the medial border of the cerebral crus |
|
|
Term
| where is the 4th ventricle located |
|
Definition
| between cerebellum (posterior) and pons and upper medulla (anterior) |
|
|
Term
| what is the posterior surface of the medulla similar to |
|
Definition
| posterior of cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| what forms the floor of the 4th ventricle |
|
Definition
| posterior surface of upper medulla and posterior surface od pons from floor of 4th ventricle |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for the 4th ventricle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are on the posterior surface of the midbrain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the elevations of the midbrain |
|
Definition
| two superior colliculi, 2 inferior colliculi |
|
|
Term
| what are the superior colliculi involved in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the inferior colliculi involved in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the trochlear nerve (CN IV) emerge from |
|
Definition
| immediatly below inferior colliculi |
|
|
Term
| what is the only cranial nerve attached to the posterior surface of the brain stem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the longitudinal fissue seperate |
|
Definition
| right and left cerebral hemispheres |
|
|
Term
| what is the corpus callosum |
|
Definition
| bundle of fibers at the bottom of the longitudinal fissue that connects right and left hemispheres |
|
|
Term
| why are the hemispheres of the brain considered to be incomplete |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 5 lobes of the hemisphere |
|
Definition
| frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| central sulcus, lateral sulcus. on lateral surface of a cerebral hemisphere |
|
|
Term
| what does the central sulcus seperate |
|
Definition
| frontal and parietal lobes |
|
|
Term
| what does the lateral sulcus seperate |
|
Definition
| temporal from frontal and parietal |
|
|
Term
| what is located deep to the sulcus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two arteries that supply the brain |
|
Definition
| vertebral, internal carotid |
|
|
Term
| what forms the basilar artery , where at |
|
Definition
| the joining of the right and left vertebral artery, the medullopontine sulcus |
|
|
Term
| what does the basilar artery run along |
|
Definition
| midline of anterior surface of pons |
|
|
Term
| where does the basilar artery end |
|
Definition
| upper end of pons by dividing into right and left posterior cervical arteries |
|
|
Term
| what do vertebral and basal arteries supply |
|
Definition
| spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum, and posterior parts of cerebral hemispheres |
|
|
Term
| where does the internal carotid artery begin |
|
Definition
| bifurcation of common carotid at the upper border of thryoid cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the internal carotid artery |
|
Definition
| cervical, petrous, cavernous, cerebral |
|
|
Term
| what are the borders of the cervical part of the internal carotid artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the borders of the petrous part of the internal carotid artery |
|
Definition
| within carotid canal in petrous part of the temporal bone |
|
|
Term
| what are the borders of the cavernous part of the internal carotid artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the cavernous sinus, where is it located |
|
Definition
| dural venous sinus in the middle cranial fossa, one on each side of the stella tunica |
|
|
Term
| what are the borders of the cerebral part of the internal carotid artery |
|
Definition
| after it exits cavernous sinus to its termination where it divides into anterior and middle cerebral arteries |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the internal carotid artery |
|
Definition
| opthalmic, posterior communicating, anterior cerebral, middle cerebral |
|
|
Term
| where does the opthamic artery located |
|
Definition
| enters orbit via optic canal with the optic nerve |
|
|
Term
| what does the posterior communicating artery connect |
|
Definition
| internal carotid and posterior cerebral arteries |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the anterior cerebral artery |
|
Definition
| right and left anterior cerebral |
|
|
Term
| what does the anterior communicating artery connect |
|
Definition
| right and left anterior cerebral |
|
|
Term
| what forms the cerebral arterial circle (of Willis) |
|
Definition
| large cerebral arteries and their interconnections on ventral surface of brain |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the cerebral arteriel circle (of Willis) |
|
Definition
| anterir communicating a., anterior cerebral a., internal carotid a, posterior communicating a, posterior cerebral a, |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the cerebral arterial circle (of willis) |
|
Definition
| potential vascular shunt, assisting in development of collateral circulation if one proximal vessels is occluded |
|
|
Term
| what are the layers of the dura mater, what are their locations |
|
Definition
| periosteal/endosteal (outer), meningeal (inner) |
|
|
Term
| what does the periosteal cover |
|
Definition
| inner surface of skull bones |
|
|
Term
| what does the miningeal cover |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are the dura mater layers not closley united |
|
Definition
| where they seperate to form venous sinuses |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the dura mater |
|
Definition
| dural septa, tentorium cerebelli, flax cerebelli, diaphgram sellae |
|
|
Term
| what forms the dural septa |
|
Definition
| meningeal layer of the dura mater |
|
|
Term
| what are the flax cerebri |
|
Definition
| sickle shaped fold that lies in midline between right and left cerebral hemispheres |
|
|
Term
| what are the tenrorium cerebelli |
|
Definition
| crescent shaped fold on roof over posterior cranial fossa |
|
|
Term
| what does the flax cerebelli seperate |
|
Definition
| cerebellum from occipital lobes of cerebral hemispheres |
|
|
Term
| what fills the tentorial notch opening |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are flax cerebelli, where is it located |
|
Definition
| small sickle shaped fold in posterior cranial fossa that prohects between right and left cerebellar hemispheres |
|
|
Term
| what is the diaphragma sellae, what does it form |
|
Definition
| small circular fld forming roof od stell turcica |
|
|
Term
| what does the diaphgrama sellae have an opening for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the dural venous sinus located |
|
Definition
| between inner and outer layers of dura mater |
|
|
Term
| what does the dural venous sinus recieve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the blood from the brain get into the dural venous sinus |
|
Definition
| superificial and deep cerebral veins |
|
|
Term
| where is the CSF in the brain located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does CSF get to the dural venous sinus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does blood from the dural venous sinus drain to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the dural venous sinuses |
|
Definition
| superior saggital, inferior saggital, straight, transverse, sigmoid, occipital, cavernosus, superior petrosal, inferior peterosal, sphenoparietal |
|
|
Term
| what does the superior saggital sinus run on the border of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the superior saggital sinus bein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the saggital sinus end |
|
Definition
| posterior in confluence of sinuses over internal occipital protuberence |
|
|
Term
| what does the inferior saggital sinus run along |
|
Definition
| lower free border of flax cerebri |
|
|
Term
| how does the inferior saggital sinus end |
|
Definition
| joins great cerebral vein to form straight sinus |
|
|
Term
| what does the straight sinus run along |
|
Definition
| flax cerebri and tentorium cerebelli |
|
|
Term
| where does the straight sinus end |
|
Definition
| posterior in confluence of sinuses |
|
|
Term
| how does the transverse sinus begin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the transverse sinus run along |
|
Definition
| posterior border of tentorium cerebelli |
|
|
Term
| when the transverse sinus reaches the temporal bone what happens to it |
|
Definition
| it turns down to become continous with sigmoid sinus |
|
|
Term
| what does the occipital sinus run along |
|
Definition
| posterior border of flax cerebelli |
|
|
Term
| how does the occipital sinus end, where |
|
Definition
| superior in confluence of sinuses and inferior communicates with internal vertebral venous plexus within vertebral canal |
|
|
Term
| where is the cevernosus sinus located |
|
Definition
| middle cranial fossa one on each side of the sella turcica |
|
|
Term
| what does the cevernous sinus drain |
|
Definition
| orbit, parts of cerebral hemisphere, pituitary gland, sphenoparietal sinus |
|
|
Term
| what are located within the cavernous sinus |
|
Definition
| internal carotid artery and abducens nerve, CN III, IV, V1 and V2 divisions of the trigeminal nerve |
|
|
Term
| where and what drains the cavernous sinus |
|
Definition
| posterior by superior and inferior petrosal sinuses |
|
|
Term
| what does the superior petrosal sinus run along |
|
Definition
| superior border of petrous part of temporal bone |
|
|
Term
| what does the superior petrosal sinus connect |
|
Definition
| cavernous sinus with terminal part of transverse sinus |
|
|
Term
| what does the inferior petrosal sinus run along |
|
Definition
| inferior border of petrous part of temporal bone between petrous part and occipital bone |
|
|
Term
| what does the inferior petrosal sinus connect |
|
Definition
| cavernous sinus with internal juggular vein |
|
|
Term
| what does the sphenoparietal sinus run along |
|
Definition
| posterior border of lesser wing of sphenoid |
|
|
Term
| what does the sphenoparietal sinus drain into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where can hemorrhages occur, what is the cause |
|
Definition
| they can occur at a variety of sites and each has their own cause |
|
|
Term
| what is the peak age for incidence of primary brain parenchymal hemorrhage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what occurs in a primary brain parenchymal hemorrhage |
|
Definition
| rupture of small intraparenchymal vessel |
|
|
Term
| what is usually the cause of primary brain parenchymal hemorrhage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where can a primary brain parenchymal hemorrhage be located |
|
Definition
| basal ganglia, thalamus, pons, cerebellum |
|
|
Term
| what is the most frequent cause of significant subarachnoid hemorrhage |
|
Definition
| rupture of a sasccular aneurysm |
|
|
Term
| where do most saccular aneurysms occur |
|
Definition
| in the anterior circulation |
|
|
Term
| what increases the risk of bleeding in saccular aneurysms |
|
Definition
| they can occur in multiples |
|
|
Term
| what is usually the outcome of a saccular aneurysm |
|
Definition
| 20-50% die in first rupture |
|
|
Term
| what is a symptom of a saccular aneyrysm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is an epidural hematoma |
|
Definition
| torn vessel in the dura, middle meningeal artery |
|
|
Term
| why would a epidural hematoma usually occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes the problems in a epidural hematoma |
|
Definition
| blood under arterial pressure seperates dura from inner surface of skull, smooth inner contour compresses the brain |
|
|
Term
| what occurs in a subdural hematoma |
|
Definition
| tearing or dridging veins caused by rapid movement of the brain and it bleeds into the aubdural space |
|
|
Term
| where is a subdural hematoma commonly located |
|
Definition
| over lateral aspect of cerebral hemispheres |
|
|
Term
| when do symptoms of a subdural hematoma show up |
|
Definition
| withing 48 hours of injury |
|
|
Term
| what are the symptoms of a subdural hematoma |
|
Definition
| headache, confusion, progressive neurological deterioration |
|
|
Term
| what is a chronic subdural hematoma |
|
Definition
| subdural hematomas frequently re-bleed |
|
|
Term
| how are symptomatic subdural hematomas treated |
|
Definition
| removing the organizing blood and tissue |
|
|
Term
| what does the dura mater function as |
|
Definition
| periosteum of internal surface of the skull |
|
|
Term
| what is an arachnoid granulation |
|
Definition
| herniation of arachnoid through dura into venous channels. |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the arachnoid granulations |
|
Definition
| allows CSF to leave arachnoid and go into venous blood |
|
|
Term
| how is brain arachnoid different from spinal cord |
|
Definition
| follows contour of dura mater, trabecular |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of trabeculae |
|
Definition
| distribute force over brain surface, avoid focal pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| superificial vein from brain surface that bridges arachnoid, pierces dura. |
|
|
Term
| what is a concern with birdging veins |
|
Definition
| penetration of the dura mater leads to a spot of volurnability, moving it too much could tear the vein |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the dural septa |
|
Definition
| allow brain to rotate with the head |
|
|
Term
| what forms the dural septa |
|
Definition
| falx cerebri and tentorum cerebelli come to a T |
|
|
Term
| what forms the posterior brain circulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms the anterior brain circulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what connects anterior and posterior brain circulation |
|
Definition
| posterior communicating a, circle or Willis |
|
|
Term
| what are the terminal branches of the internal carotid |
|
Definition
| anterior cerebral, middle a |
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of the free edge of the tentorium cerebelli |
|
Definition
| leave space for the brain stem |
|
|
Term
| how does the inferior cavernous sinus end |
|
Definition
| direct route into jugular foramen |
|
|
Term
| how does the superior cavernous sinus end |
|
Definition
| connects to the transverse sinus |
|
|
Term
| what is a saccular aneurysm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what causes a saccular aneurysm |
|
Definition
| defect in muscular wall of artery, intima is pushed through artery wall making an aneurism sack which can burst |
|
|
Term
| what is an aneurism sac composed of |
|
Definition
| thickened intima, no elastic lamina |
|
|
Term
| what medical condition is a subdural hematoma associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who is especially volurnable if they get a subdural hematoma |
|
Definition
| someone with brain atrophy and infantsq |
|
|
Term
| why is there increase concern for someone with brain atrophy when they have a subdermal hematoma |
|
Definition
| shrinking causes bridging veins to get stretched, movement could break the veins |
|
|
Term
| why is there increase concern for infants when they have a subdermal hematoma |
|
Definition
| veins are delicate and could break |
|
|
Term
| how does a subdural hematoma usually stop |
|
Definition
| by itself, organizes like a clot over time by fibroblasts making dural membranes made of granulation fissure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what CN are completely sensory |
|
Definition
| olfactory I, optic II, vestibulocochlear VIII |
|
|
Term
| what CN are completely motor |
|
Definition
| oculomotor III, trochlear IV, abducens VI, accessory XI, hypoglossal XII |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trigeminal V, facial VII, glossopharyngeal IX, vagus X |
|
|
Term
| what CN have a parasympathetic component |
|
Definition
| oculomotor III, facial VII, glossopharyngeal IX, vagus X |
|
|
Term
| what CN have taste fibers |
|
Definition
| facial VII, glossopharyngeal IX, vagus X |
|
|
Term
| what are the fibers of CN1, what is the function, what opening does it go through |
|
Definition
| sensory, olfaction (small), cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone |
|
|
Term
| what are the fibers of CN II, what is the function, what opening does it go through |
|
Definition
| sensory, vision, optic canal |
|
|
Term
| what are the fibers of CN III, what opening does it go throug |
|
Definition
| motor and parasympathetic, superior orbital fissure |
|
|
Term
| what is the motor function of CN III |
|
Definition
| suerior, inferior, medial rectus muscles, inferior oblique, levator palpebrae superioris |
|
|
Term
| what is the parasympathetic function of CN III |
|
Definition
| constrict pupil and accomodate eye |
|
|
Term
| what are the fibers of CN IV, what is the function, what opening does it go through |
|
Definition
| motor, superior oblique muscle that turns eye down and lateral, superior orbital fissure |
|
|
Term
| what are the fibers of CN V |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the sensory function of CN V |
|
Definition
| innervates most of the head |
|
|
Term
| what is the motor functionof CN V |
|
Definition
| muscles of mastication and some other muscles |
|
|
Term
| what is the opening for the opthalmic division of CN V |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the opening for the maxillary division of CN V |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the opening for the mandibular division of CN V |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opthalmic division of the trigeminal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| maxillary division of the trigeminal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mandibular division of the trigeminal |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of V1 |
|
Definition
| provide sensory to cornea, skin of forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose, mucous membrane of paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of V2 |
|
Definition
| sensory info to skin face over the maxilla and upper lip, teeth of upper jaw, mucous membrane of the nose, maxillary air sinus |
|
|
Term
| what is the sensory function of V3 |
|
Definition
| sensory information to the skin of the cheek, skin over mandible, side of head. teeth of lower jaw, tempromandibular joint, mucous membrane of the mouth and aterior two thirds of the tounge |
|
|
Term
| what is the motor function of V3 |
|
Definition
| muscles of mastication (temporalis, masseter, medial and lateral petrygoids), anterior belly of the digastric, mylohyoid, tendor tympani, tensor veli palatini |
|
|
Term
| what are the fibers of CN VI, what is the function, what opening does it go through |
|
Definition
| motor, lateral rectus muscle, superior orbital fissure |
|
|
Term
| what nerve has the longest path through the cranial cavity, what worry does this cause |
|
Definition
| abducens, frequently damaged by increased intercranial pressure or fractures to the base of skull |
|
|
Term
| what are the fibers of CN VII, what opening does it go through |
|
Definition
| motor, sensory, parasympathetic, taste. internal auditory meatus, facial canal, stylomastoid foramen |
|
|
Term
| what is the motor function of the facial nerve |
|
Definition
| muscles to facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of the digastric |
|
|
Term
| what is the taste function of the facial nerve |
|
Definition
| taste from the anterior two thirds of the tounge |
|
|
Term
| what is the parasympathetic function of the facial nerve |
|
Definition
| submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, larcimal gland, glands of the nose and palate |
|
|
Term
| what are the fibers of CN VIII, what is the function, what opening does it go through |
|
Definition
| sensory, vestibular nerve: position and movement of head. chochlear nerve: hearing. interal autidory meatus |
|
|
Term
| what are the fibers of CN IX, what opening does it go through |
|
Definition
| motor, general sensory, taste. jugular foramen |
|
|
Term
| what is the motor function of CN IX |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the general sensation and taste function of CN IX |
|
Definition
| posterior third of the tounge |
|
|
Term
| what is the general sensation function of CN IX |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the parasympathetic function of CN IX |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the fibers of CN X, what opening does it go through |
|
Definition
| motor, parasympathetic, sensory, taste. jugular foramen |
|
|
Term
| what is the motor function of CN X |
|
Definition
| innervates constrictor muscles of the pharynx and intrinsic muscles of the larynx |
|
|
Term
| what is the parasympathetic function of CN X |
|
Definition
| neck, thorax, most of abdomen to the splenic colic flexure |
|
|
Term
| what is the taste functional area of CN X |
|
Definition
| valleculae and epiglottis |
|
|
Term
| what is the afferent fibers function of CN X |
|
Definition
| supplied to all the structures it contacts |
|
|
Term
| what are the fibers of CN XI, what is the function, what opening does it go through |
|
Definition
| motor, sternonucleomastoid and trapezius, jugular foramen |
|
|
Term
| what is the cranial root part of |
|
Definition
| vagus nerve, not accessory |
|
|
Term
| what are the fibers of CN XII, what is the function, what opening does it go through |
|
Definition
| motor, intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tounge except the palatoglossus muscle. hypoglossal canal |
|
|
Term
| wat occurs in the olfactory bulb |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the optic nerve originate |
|
Definition
| ganglion cells in the retina |
|
|
Term
| describe the crainial root of the accessory nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what muscle is NOT innervated by the hypoglosseal even though it innervates the rest of the area KNOW ME |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the openings in the posterior cranial fossa |
|
Definition
| foramen magnum, hypoglossal canal, jugular foramen |
|
|
Term
| what are the openings in the middle cranial fossa |
|
Definition
| optic canal, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum |
|
|
Term
| what are the openings in the anteroir cranial fossa |
|
Definition
| foramen cecum, cribiform plate |
|
|
Term
| what are the openings in the exterior skull |
|
Definition
| aveolar canals, carotid canal, incisive foramen, infraorbital foramen, petrotympanic fissure, jugular foramen, mandibular foramen, mental foramen, papatine foramina, greater palatine foramen, lesser palatine foramen, parietal foramen, petrygomaxillary fissure, stylomastoid foramen, supraorbital foramen |
|
|
Term
| what openins are there in the occipital bone |
|
Definition
| foramen magnum, hypoglossal canal, jugular foramen |
|
|
Term
| what openings are there in the temporal bone |
|
Definition
| jugular foramen, internal auditory meatus, carotid canal plexus, petrotympanic fissure, stylomastoid foramen, |
|
|
Term
| what openings are there in the sphenoid bone |
|
Definition
| optic canal, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, petrygomaxillary fissure |
|
|
Term
| what openings are there in the frontal bone |
|
Definition
| foramen cecum, supraorbital foramen |
|
|
Term
| what openinigs are there in the ethmoid bone |
|
Definition
| foramen cecum, cribiform plate, |
|
|
Term
| what openings are there in the maxilla |
|
Definition
| aveolar canals, incisive foramen, infraorbital foramen, palatine foramina, petrygomaxillary fissure |
|
|
Term
| what openings are there in the mandible |
|
Definition
| mental foramen, mandibular foramen |
|
|
Term
| what openings are there in the palatine |
|
Definition
| palatine foramina, lesser palatine foramen |
|
|
Term
| what openings are there in the parietal bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what comes through the foramen magnum |
|
Definition
| spinal cord, CN XI, vertebral a |
|
|
Term
| what comes through the hypoglossal canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what comes through the jugular foramen |
|
Definition
| CN IX, CN X, internal jugular vein, inferior petrosal sinus |
|
|
Term
| what comes through the internal auditory meatus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what comes through the optic canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what comes through the superior orbital fissure |
|
Definition
| CN III, IV, V1, VI, opthalmuc vv. |
|
|
Term
| what comes through the foramen torundum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what comes through the foramen ovale |
|
Definition
| V3, accessory meningeal a |
|
|
Term
| what comes through the foramen spinosum |
|
Definition
| middle meningeal a and v, recurrent branch of V3 to dura mater |
|
|
Term
| what comes through the foramen cecum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what comes through the cribiform plate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what comes through the aveolar canals |
|
Definition
| posterior superior aveolar a, v, n |
|
|
Term
| what comes through the carotid canal plexus |
|
Definition
| internal carotid palatine a and v, nasopalatine n |
|
|
Term
| what comes through the infraorbital foramen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what comes through the petrotympanic fissure |
|
Definition
| chorda tympani, anterior tympanic a |
|
|
Term
| what comes through the mandibular foramen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what comes through the mental foramen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what comes through the palatine foramina |
|
Definition
| decending papatine a, v. greater palatine nerve |
|
|
Term
| what comes through the lesser palatine foramen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what comes through the parietal foramen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what comes through the petrygomaxillary fissure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what comes through the stylomastoid foramen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what comes through the supraorbital foramen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the orbit contain |
|
Definition
| eyeball, extraocular muscles, nerves, blood vessels, fat, lacrimal gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what direction is the base and apex of the orbit located |
|
Definition
| base is in front apex is in back |
|
|
Term
| what is the roof of the orbit |
|
Definition
| orbital plate of the frontal bone |
|
|
Term
| what is the lateral wall of the orbit |
|
Definition
| zygomatic bone and greater wing of sphenoid |
|
|
Term
| what is the floor of the orbit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the floor of the orbit seperate |
|
Definition
| orbital cavity from maxillary sinus |
|
|
Term
| what is the medial wall of the orbit |
|
Definition
| frontal process of maxilla, larcimal bone, orbital plate of the ethmoid, body of sphenoid |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for the oribtal plate of the ethmoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the larcimal bone |
|
Definition
| small bone at the corner of the eye |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the eye lid |
|
Definition
| protect from injury and excessive light |
|
|
Term
| which eye lid is larger, what is its other feature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the corners of the eye called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the opening between the eyelids called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the opening to the conjunctival sac located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the deep surface of the eyelid covered by |
|
Definition
| mucous membrane called conjunctiva |
|
|
Term
| how are eyelashes arranged |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are eyelashes located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are the sebacous glands of the eyelid located, what is their function |
|
Definition
| open into eyelash follicles to lubricate them |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do tarsal glands open into |
|
Definition
| margin of eyelid behind the eyelashes |
|
|
Term
| what do tarsal glands secrete, what is the function |
|
Definition
| oily substance that prevents overflow of tears (during normal situations) |
|
|
Term
| what does the tendon of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle connect |
|
Definition
| levator palpebrae superiorus to obcularis oculi muscle |
|
|
Term
| where does the conjunctiva reflect, onto what |
|
Definition
| superior and inferior fornices onto the eyeball |
|
|
Term
| what is the epithelium of the conjunctiva continous with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the cornea located over |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the conjunctiva form, where does it open |
|
Definition
| potential space that opens into the palpebral fissure |
|
|
Term
| what occurs at the bulbular conjunctiva covering the sclera |
|
Definition
| where the conjunctiva converge with eye |
|
|
Term
| what are the eyelids supported by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what gives the eyelid its structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the orbital septum attach to |
|
Definition
| periosteum at the orbital margins |
|
|
Term
| what are the tarsal glands embedded in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the larcimal gland consist of |
|
Definition
| large orbital part and small palpebral part that are continous |
|
|
Term
| where is the larcimal gland located |
|
Definition
| above eyeball in the upper lateral and anterior aspect of the orbit |
|
|
Term
| what does the larcimal gland open into |
|
Definition
| lateral part of the superior fornix of the conjunctiva |
|
|
Term
| where do parasympathetic fibers come from that are going to the larcimal gland |
|
Definition
| larcimal nucleus of the facial nerve to the petrygopalatine ganglion via the greater petrosal nerve and nerve of the pterygoig canal, they leave the canal and join branches of V3, postganglionic fibers reach the gland via the larcimal nerve |
|
|
Term
| where do sympathetic fibers that innervate the larcimal gland come from |
|
Definition
| internal carotid plexus, join deep petrosal nerve, nerve of the pterygoing canal, zygomatic nerve, and larcimal nerve |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of V3 |
|
Definition
| zygomatic nerve and zygomaticotemporal nerve |
|
|
Term
| what does parasympathetic innervation do to the larcimal gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does sympathetic stimulation do to the larcimal gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do tears cross then accumulate |
|
Definition
| cross cornea and accumulate in lacus lacrimalis |
|
|
Term
| after tears enter the larcimal lacrimalis where do they go |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| after tears enter the larcimal canliculi where do they go |
|
Definition
| pass medially and open into larcimal sac |
|
|
Term
| where is the larcimal sac located |
|
Definition
| in larcimal groove behind medial palpebral ligament |
|
|
Term
| what is the larcimal sac part of |
|
Definition
| upper blind end of the nasolarcimal duct |
|
|
Term
| where does the nasolarcimal duct begin |
|
Definition
| lower end of the larcimal sac |
|
|
Term
| where does the nasolarcimal duct decend to |
|
Definition
| downward in a bondy canal and opens in the inferior meatus of the nose |
|
|
Term
| where does the optic nerve enter the orbit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what accompanies the opric nerve in the orbit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the optic nerve surrounded by |
|
Definition
| meningeal sheaths of pia mater, arachnoid, and dura mater |
|
|
Term
| what does the optic nerve pierce, where |
|
Definition
| sclera and point medial to posterior pole of eyeball |
|
|
Term
| what occurs at the point where the optic nerve fuses with the sclera |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens when there is a rise in pressure in the eyeball |
|
Definition
| CSF is contained in the subsrachnoid space around the optic nerve so pressure in the cranial cavity is transmitted to the back of the eye ball |
|
|
Term
| what passes through the superior orbital fissure, what does it supply |
|
Definition
| opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, supplies orbit |
|
|
Term
| what does the opthalmic division of the trigeminal divide into |
|
Definition
| frontal, larcimal, and nasociliary |
|
|
Term
| what does the frontal nerve divide into |
|
Definition
| supratrochlear and supraorbital |
|
|
Term
| what does the frontal nerve supply |
|
Definition
| skin of forehead and mucous membrane of frontal sinus |
|
|
Term
| where does the larcimal nerve pass |
|
Definition
| forward along upper border of lateral rectus muscle |
|
|
Term
| what is the larcimal nerve joined by |
|
Definition
| branch of the zygomaticotemporal nerve |
|
|
Term
| what does the zygomaticotemporal nerve do after joining the larcimal nerve |
|
Definition
| leaves to enter the larcimal gland |
|
|
Term
| what fibers does the zygomaticotemporal bring to the larcimal gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the larcimal nerve supply |
|
Definition
| skin of lateral part of upper eye lid |
|
|
Term
| where does the oculomotor nerve enter the orbit |
|
Definition
| through lower part of the superior orbital fissure |
|
|
Term
| what are the divisions of the oculomotor nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the superior branch of the oculomotor nerve supply |
|
Definition
| superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris muscles |
|
|
Term
| what does the inferior branch of the oculomotor nerve supply |
|
Definition
| inferior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique muscles |
|
|
Term
| where does the nerve to the inferior oblique come from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the branch of the nerve to the inferior oblique supply, how does it get there, what type of fibers |
|
Definition
| ciliary ganglion which carries parasympathetic fibers to the sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle |
|
|
Term
| where does the trochlear nerve enter the orbit |
|
Definition
| upper part of the superior orbital fissure |
|
|
Term
| where does the abducens nerve enter the orbit |
|
Definition
| lower part of the superior orbital fissure |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the nasociliary nerve to the orbit |
|
Definition
| crosses above optic nerve, runs forward along upper margin of medial rectus muscle, divides into anterior ethmoid and infratrochlear nerves |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the nasociliary nerve |
|
Definition
| communicating branch of ciliary ganglion, long ciliary nerves, anterior ethmoidal, infratrochlear |
|
|
Term
| what fibers does the communicating branch of the ciliary ganglion contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what fibers do the long ciliary nerves contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the long ciliary muscles innervate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the long ciliary muscles pierce |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the posterior ethmoidal nerve supply |
|
Definition
| ethmoidal and sphenoidal air sinuses |
|
|
Term
| what does the infratrochlear nerve pass |
|
Definition
| forward below the pulley of the superior oblique muscle |
|
|
Term
| what does the infratrochlear nerve supply |
|
Definition
| medial part of upper eye lid and adjacent part of nose |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the anterior ethmoidal nerve |
|
Definition
| passes through the anterior ethmoidal foramen and enters the anterior cranial fossa, enters the nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
| what does the anterior ethmoidal nerve supply |
|
Definition
| mucosa of nasal cavity, nose down to tip |
|
|
Term
| what is a branch of the anterior anterior ethmoidal nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the external nasal branch of the anterior ethmoidal nerve supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the opthalmic artery a branch of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the opthalmic artery enter the orbit |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the opthalmic artery enter the eye |
|
Definition
| at the center of the optic disc |
|
|
Term
| what do the muscular branches of the opthalmic artery supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the cilliary arteries divide into |
|
Definition
| anterior and posterior groups |
|
|
Term
| where do the cilliary arteries anterior enter the eyeball |
|
Definition
| near the corneoscleral junction |
|
|
Term
| what do the posterior cilliary arteries anter the eyeball |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| whaat does the larcimal artery supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the superior opthalmic vein communicate with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the inferior opthalmic vein communicate with |
|
Definition
| inferior orbital fissure with the petrygoing venous plexus |
|
|
Term
| what do the opthalmic veins drain into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what fibers does the ciliary ganglion have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how big is the ciliary ganglion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the ciliary ganglion located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the ciliary ganglion recieve |
|
Definition
| parasympathetic fibers from the oculomotor nerve via the nerve to the inferior oblique |
|
|
Term
| where do postganglionic fibers from the ciliary ganglion go |
|
Definition
| short ciliary nerves which enter back of eyeball |
|
|
Term
| what do the short ciliary nerves innervate |
|
Definition
| sphinctor pupillae and ciliary muscle |
|
|
Term
| what is the best place for vision in the eye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does contraction do to the pupil |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the ciliary muscle stimulated by, what does it cause it to do |
|
Definition
| parasympathetic, contract, see up close |
|
|
Term
| what does elevate mean in reference to the eye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does depress mean in reference to the eye |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the extraocular muscles |
|
Definition
| superior oblique, medial rectus, inferior rectus, levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, lateral rectus, superior tarsus, inferior oblique |
|
|
Term
| what anchors most of the extraocular muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the movements of the extraocular muscles |
|
Definition
| extorsion, intorsion, medial, lateral, adduction, abduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| looking to the outer corner (up or down) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| looking to the inner corner (up or down0 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| looking away from the nose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what muscles would cause one to look up and to their right |
|
Definition
| inferior oblique and superior rectus |
|
|
Term
| what muscles would cause one to look up with both eyes |
|
Definition
| superior rectus and inferior oblique |
|
|
Term
| what muscles would cause one to look up and to their left |
|
Definition
| superior rectus inferior oblique |
|
|
Term
| what muscles would cause one to look to their right |
|
Definition
| lateral and medial rectus |
|
|
Term
| what muscles would cause one to look to their left |
|
Definition
| lateral and medial rectus |
|
|
Term
| what muscles would cause one to look down and to the right |
|
Definition
| superior oblique, inferior rectus, |
|
|
Term
| what muscles would cause one to look down |
|
Definition
| superior oblique, inferior rectus |
|
|
Term
| what muscles would cause one to look down and to the left |
|
Definition
| superior oblique, inferior rectus, |
|
|
Term
| what is theposterior and superior boundry of the temporal fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the anterior boundry of the temporal fossa |
|
Definition
| frontal and zygomatic bones |
|
|
Term
| what is the lateral boundry of the temporal fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the boundry of the temporal fossa |
|
Definition
| infratemporal crest of the spenoid |
|
|
Term
| what is forms the floor of the infratemporal fossa |
|
Definition
| frontal, temporal, sphenoid |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the temporal fossa |
|
Definition
| temporalis muscle and fascia, deep temporal nerves and vessels, superificial temporal vessels, auticouotemporal nerve |
|
|
Term
| what is the anterior boundry of the infratemporal fosssa |
|
Definition
| posterior aspect of the maxilla |
|
|
Term
| what is the medial boundry of the infratemporal fosssa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the lateral boundry of the infratemporal fosssa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the superior boundry of the infratemporal fosssa |
|
Definition
| inferior surface of the greater wing of sphenoid |
|
|
Term
| what is the posterior boundry of the infratemporal fosssa |
|
Definition
| tympanic plate and mastoid and styloid process of the temporal bone |
|
|
Term
| what is the inferior boundry of the infratemporal fosssa |
|
Definition
| site of attachment of the medial petrygoid to the mandible near its angle |
|
|
Term
| what type of joint is the temporomandibular joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint |
|
Definition
| mandibular condyle, mandibular fossa and atricular tubercle of the temporal bone |
|
|
Term
| what is the articular disc made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the articular disc do |
|
Definition
| divedes joint compartments of the temporomandibular joint into superior and inferior |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the superior joint compartment of the temporomandibular joint |
|
Definition
| gliding movements of protrusion and retrusion |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the inferior joint compartment of the temporomandibular joint |
|
Definition
| hinge movements of depression and elevation |
|
|
Term
| what does the articular disc attach, on what side |
|
Definition
| peripherally attached to joint capsule, anteromedially attaches tendon of lateral patrygoig |
|
|
Term
| what does the articular capsule connect to, on what side |
|
Definition
| superior to the articular tubercle and margins of th emandibular fossa, inferior to the neck of mandible |
|
|
Term
| what lines the joint capsule, in what location |
|
Definition
| synovial membrane above and below the articular disc, but does not cover it |
|
|
Term
| what are the temporomandibular joint ligaments |
|
Definition
| temporomandibular ligament (lateral ligament), stylomandibular ligament, sphenomandibular ligament |
|
|
Term
| what are the muscles of mastication |
|
Definition
| temporalis, masseter, medial petrygoid, lateral pateygoid |
|
|
Term
| what are the muscles of mastication innervated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the temporalis |
|
Definition
| inferior temporal line, temporal fossa, temporalis fascia |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the temporalis |
|
Definition
| coronoid process and anterior surface of the ramus of the mandible |
|
|
Term
| what is the innervation of the temporalis |
|
Definition
| anterior to posterior deep temporal nerves |
|
|
Term
| what are the actions of the temporalis |
|
Definition
| elevation of mandible, retrusion of mandible, right and left lateral movements |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the masseter |
|
Definition
| inferior border and medial surface of the maxillary process of the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic arch |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the masseter |
|
Definition
| angle and lateral surface of the mandible |
|
|
Term
| what is the innervation of the masseter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the actions of the masseter |
|
Definition
| elevation of mandible, retrusion of mandible, right and left lateral movements, protrusion of the mandible |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the superior head of the lateral petrygoid |
|
Definition
| infratemporal surface of the greater wing |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the inferior head of the lateral petrygoid |
|
Definition
| lateral surface of the lateral petrygoid plate |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the lateral pateygoid |
|
Definition
| mostly the petrygoid fovea on the anterior surface of th eneck of the mandible. some from the superior head on the joint capsule and articular disc of temporomandibular joint |
|
|
Term
| what is the innervation of the lateral pateygoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the actions of the lateral petrygoid |
|
Definition
| protrusion of the mandible, depression of the mandible, right and left lateral chewing and grinding |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the medial petrygoid deep head |
|
Definition
| medial surface of the lateral pateygoid plate |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the medial pateygoid superificial head |
|
Definition
| tuberosity of the maxilla |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the medial paetrygoid |
|
Definition
| medial surface of the angle of the mandible |
|
|
Term
| what are the actions of the lateral petrygoid |
|
Definition
| elevate mandible, protrude mandible, right and left lateral chewing and grinding |
|
|
Term
| what communicates with the infratemporal fossa |
|
Definition
| temporal fossa, orbit, middle cranial fossa, petrygopalatine fossa |
|
|
Term
| how does the temporal fossa communicate with the infratemporal fossa |
|
Definition
| space between zygomatic arch and cranial wall |
|
|
Term
| how does the orbit communicate with the infratemporal fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the middle cranial fossa communicate with the infratemporal fossa |
|
Definition
| through foramen ovale and foramen spinosum |
|
|
Term
| how does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate with the infratemporal fossa |
|
Definition
| via pterygomaxillary fissure |
|
|
Term
| what are the contents of the infratemporal cossa |
|
Definition
| medial and lateral pterygoid muscles, mandibular division of v (V3), otic ganglion, chorda typani, maxillary artery and its branches, maxillary vein and pterygoid venous plexus |
|
|
Term
| what does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve consist of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the mandibular division of the trigemnial nerve |
|
Definition
| exits middle cranial fossa via foramen ovale, enters infratemporal fossa, divides into anterior and posterior |
|
|
Term
| where do branches come off of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve |
|
Definition
| main trunk, anterior and posterior divisions |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the main trunk of V3 |
|
Definition
| nerve to medial pterygoid, meningeal branch |
|
|
Term
| what does the nerve to the medial petrygoid supply |
|
Definition
| medial pterygoid and gives small branch to tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for the meningeal branch of V3 |
|
Definition
| nervus spinosus, recurrant branch of V3 to dura mater |
|
|
Term
| where does the meningeal branch of V3 enter the middle crainial fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the meningeal branch of V3 innervate |
|
Definition
| dura mater of middle crainial fossa |
|
|
Term
| what are the anterior branches of V3 |
|
Definition
| nerve to masseter, nerve to lateral petrygoid, deep temporal nerve, buccal nerve |
|
|
Term
| what does the nerve to the masseter of V3 innervate |
|
Definition
| masseter, some sensory to anterior aspect of TMJ |
|
|
Term
| what does the nerve to the lateral patrygoid innervate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the deep temporal nerves branch into |
|
Definition
| anterior and posterior branches, sometimes a middle |
|
|
Term
| what does the buccal nerve innervate, what fibers |
|
Definition
| sensory to the skin and mucosa of the cheek |
|
|
Term
| what are the posterior branches of V3 |
|
Definition
| autoculotemporal nerve, inferior aveolar, nerve to mylohyoid, lingual nerve |
|
|
Term
| describe the location of the auriculotemporal nerve |
|
Definition
| two roots encircle the middle meningeal artery and reuinte posterior to the artery |
|
|
Term
| what does the auriculotemporal nerve supply |
|
Definition
| sensory innervation to auricle, external audutory meatus, tympanic membrane, tempromandibular joint, scalp |
|
|
Term
| what fibers does the inferior aveolar have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the inferior aveolar nerve first enter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the inferior aveolar nerve supply when it enters the mandible |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the inferior aveolar nerve go after the mandible |
|
Definition
| exits at mental foramen, provides sensory to skin and mucosa of lower lip and chin |
|
|
Term
| what is the final branch of the inferior aveolar nerve, where is it |
|
Definition
| before it enters the mandibular foramen, it gives off the nerve to mylohyoid |
|
|
Term
| what fibers does the nerve to the mylohoyid contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the nerve to mylohyoid innervate |
|
Definition
| mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric |
|
|
Term
| what does the lingual nerve supply |
|
Definition
| sensory infor to anterior 2/3 of tounge and mucosa floor of mouth |
|
|
Term
| what joins the lingual nerve, where |
|
Definition
| high in the infratemporal fossa by chorda tympani |
|
|
Term
| what type of ganglion is the otic ganglion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the oric ganglion located |
|
Definition
| inferior to foramen ovale and medial to V3 |
|
|
Term
| what nerves come out of oric ganglion |
|
Definition
| tympanic branch, lesser petrosal, part of auriculotemporal |
|
|
Term
| what does the tympanic branch form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the tympanic plexus supply |
|
Definition
| mucosa of tympanic cavity |
|
|
Term
| what type of fibers leave the tympanic plexus, as what nerve |
|
Definition
| preganglionic parasympathetic, lesser petrosal |
|
|
Term
| where does the lesser petrosal nerve synapse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the postganglionic fibers of the oric ganglion formm |
|
Definition
| parrt of auriculotemporal nerve |
|
|
Term
| where does the chorda tympani originate |
|
Definition
| cn VII in facial canal just above stylomastoid foramen |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the chorda tympani after its origin |
|
Definition
| enters tympanic cavity and courses across medial side of tympanic membrane, exits temporal bone via petrotympanic fissure, enters infratemporal fossa to join lingual nervve |
|
|
Term
| what fibers does the chorda tympani contain |
|
Definition
| sensory or taste, preganglionic fibers, postganglionic fibers |
|
|
Term
| what does the chorda tympani innervate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do the preganglionic fibers of the chorda tympani synapse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the post ganglionic fibers of the chorda tympani innervate |
|
Definition
| submandibular and sublingual salivary glands |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the maxillary artery |
|
Definition
1. mandibular
2. petrygoid
3. petrygopalatine |
|
|
Term
| where is the mandibular part of maxillary artery located |
|
Definition
| between neck of mandible and sphenomandibular ligament |
|
|
Term
| what accompanies the mandibular part of maxillary artery |
|
Definition
| autoculotemporal nerve, maxillary vein |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the maxillary artery |
|
Definition
| deep auricular, anterior tympanic, middle meningeal, accessory meningeal, inferior aveolar |
|
|
Term
| what does the deep auricular artery supply |
|
Definition
| external auditory meatus and outer tympanic membrane |
|
|
Term
| what is the path of the anterior tympanic artery |
|
Definition
| passes through petrotympanic fissure with chorda tympani to sypply mucosa of the tympanic cavity |
|
|
Term
| what is the path of the middle meningeal artery |
|
Definition
| passes between roots of auriculotemporal nerve, through foramen spinosum, to middle cranial foss |
|
|
Term
| what does the middle meningela artery supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the path of the accessory meningeal artery |
|
Definition
| passes through foramen ovale |
|
|
Term
| what does the accessory meningeal artery supply |
|
Definition
| trigeminal ganglion and adjacent dura mater |
|
|
Term
| what is the inferior aveolar artery accompanied by, where |
|
Definition
| inferior aveolar nerve in mandibular canal |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the inferior aveolar artery |
|
Definition
| mandibular calal, exits via mental foramen with mental nerve, gives off artery to mylohyoid |
|
|
Term
| where does the inferior aveolar artery give off its branch |
|
Definition
| right before entering the mandibular foramen |
|
|
Term
| where is the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery |
|
Definition
| passes anterior and superior in the infratemporal fossa |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the petrygoid part of maxillary artery |
|
Definition
| masseteric artery, anterior and posterior deep temporal arteries, petrygoid arteries, buccal artery |
|
|
Term
| what do the branches of the petrygoid part of the maxillary artery supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the massetetic artery supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the anterior and posterior deep temporal arteries supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the petrygoid arteries supply |
|
Definition
| medial and lateral patrygoids |
|
|
Term
| what does the buccal artery supply |
|
Definition
| buccinator, skin of cheek, mucosa of oral cavity |
|
|
Term
| where is the petrygoid venous plexus |
|
Definition
| network of veins between temporalis and petrygoid muscles |
|
|
Term
| what veins drain into the petrygoid venous plexus |
|
Definition
| most of the branches of the mexillary artery |
|
|
Term
| what does the petrygoid venous plexus communicate with |
|
Definition
| cavernous sinus, inferior opthalmic vein, facial vein via deep facial vein |
|
|
Term
| how does the petrygoid venous plexus communicate with the cavernus sinus |
|
Definition
| small veins passing through foramen ovale, foramen lacreum, and sometimes sphenoidal emissary foramen |
|
|
Term
| what is beneath the petryon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms the floor of the temporal fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the stylomandibular ligament located |
|
Definition
| angle of mandible to styloid process |
|
|
Term
| where is the sphenomandibular ligament located |
|
Definition
| lingula to spine of sphenoid |
|
|
Term
| where is the infratemporal fossa in relation to the temporal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the pterigomaxillary fissure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the TMJ, which is more anterior |
|
Definition
| fibrous capsule and lateral ligament (anterior) |
|
|
Term
| what does the TMJ connect |
|
Definition
| temporal bone to mandible |
|
|
Term
| what is the deep temporal nerve a branch of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the masseteric nerve a branch of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the parasympathetic ganglia of the head |
|
Definition
| ciliary, otic, submandibular, petrogopalatine |
|
|
Term
| does everyone have an accessory meningeal nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the pterygopalatine fossa in relation to the infratemporal fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the anterior border of the pterygopalatine fossa |
|
Definition
| posterior surface of the maxilla |
|
|
Term
| what is the posterior border of the pterygopalatine fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the superior border of the pterygopalatine fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the medial border of the pterygopalatine fossa |
|
Definition
| perpendicular plate of palatine bone |
|
|
Term
| in regards to the openings, what forms the lateral wall of the pterygopalatine fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in regards to the openings, what forms the medial wall of the pterygopalatine fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in regards to the openings, what forms the anteroir wall of the pterygopalatine fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in regards to the openings, what forms the posterior wall of the pterygopalatine fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in regards to the openings, what forms the ceiling of the pterygopalatine fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in regards to the openings, what forms the floor of the pterygopalatine fossa |
|
Definition
| just a passage to the greater and lesser palatine canals |
|
|
Term
| what passes through the pterygopalatine fossa |
|
Definition
| V2 with a ganglion hanging from it |
|
|
Term
| what type of ganglion is the pterygopalatine ganglion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the pterygopalatine galgnion located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what goes through the pterygopalatine ganglion |
|
Definition
| sensory from V2, preganglionic parasympathetic from greater petrosal, postganglionic sympathetic from deep petrosal |
|
|
Term
| what is the greater petrosal nerve a branch od |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of fibers does the greater petrosal nerve contain |
|
Definition
| preganglionic parasympathetic |
|
|
Term
| what does the greater petrosal nerve join, what does this form |
|
Definition
| deep petrosal, nerve of pterygoid canal |
|
|
Term
| what type of fibers does the deep petrodal nerve have |
|
Definition
| postganglionic sympathetic |
|
|
Term
| where do the fibers of the deep petrosal nerve come from |
|
Definition
| superior cervical ganglion |
|
|
Term
| where does the nerve of the pterygoid canal terminate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the nerve of the pterygoid synapse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do the post ganglionic fibers of the nerve of the pterygoid synapse |
|
Definition
| the organ, not in the pterygopalatine ganglion |
|
|
Term
| what are the branches from the pterygopalatine ganglion |
|
Definition
| greater palatine, lesser palatine, nasopalatine, posterolateral branches, pharyngeal nerve, maxillary (V2) nerve |
|
|
Term
| what does the maxillary nerve go through to get to the foramen rotundum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of fibers does the maxillary nerve have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the maxillary nerve travel in the pterygopalatine fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the maxillary nerve enter the orbit |
|
Definition
| through the inferior orbital fissure |
|
|
Term
| once the maxillary nerve goes through the inferior orbital fissure, what its its name |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the maxillary nerve |
|
Definition
| intercranial, ganglionic, zygomatic, zygomaticotemporal, posterior superior aveolar, middle superior alveolar, anterior superior alveolar |
|
|
Term
| what does the intercranal branch of V2 innervate, where |
|
Definition
| indura mater in the middle crainial fossa |
|
|
Term
| what do the ganglionic branches of V2 connect |
|
Definition
| V@ with the pterygopalatine ganglion |
|
|
Term
| what type of fibers does the ganglionic branch of V2 contain |
|
Definition
| sensory and some postganglionic parasympathetic |
|
|
Term
| what does the zygomatic nerve divide into |
|
Definition
| zygomatotemporal and zygomaticofacial |
|
|
Term
| what does the zygomatic nerve supply |
|
Definition
| skin of temporal region and cheek |
|
|
Term
| what type of fibers does the zygomaticotemporal nerve contrain |
|
Definition
| postganglionic parasympathetic fibers |
|
|
Term
| where do the parasympathetic fibers of the zygomaticotemporal nerve go |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the posterior superior alveolar nerve supply |
|
Definition
| maxillary molar teeth and mucosa od maxillary sinus |
|
|
Term
| what does the middle superior aveolar nerve supply |
|
Definition
| premolars and mucosa of the maxillary sinus |
|
|
Term
| what does the anterior superior aveolar nerve supply |
|
Definition
| maxillary incusors and canine teeth and mucosa of maxillary sinus |
|
|
Term
| what do branches of the third part of the maxillary artery follow |
|
Definition
| V2 and pterygopalatine ganglion |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the third part of the maxillary artery |
|
Definition
| leaves at infratemporal fossa and enters pterygopalatine fossa through pterygomaxillary fissure |
|
|
Term
| what is the third part of the maxillary artery called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the pterygopalatine part of the maxillary artery |
|
Definition
| posterior superior alveolar, infraorbital, descending palatine, pharyngeal, artery of the pterygoid canal, sphenopalatine, |
|
|
Term
| what does the posterior superior alveolar artery supply |
|
Definition
| maxillary molar and premolar teeth, mucosa of the maxillary sinus |
|
|
Term
| what does the infraorbital artery accompany |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the infraorbital artery |
|
Definition
| superior alveolar, terminal branches |
|
|
Term
| wha does the anterior superior alveolar artery supply |
|
Definition
| maxillary incusor, canine teeth, mucosa of maxillary sinus |
|
|
Term
| what do the terminal branches of the infraorbital artery supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the descending palatine artery divide into |
|
Definition
| greater and lesser palatine arteries |
|
|
Term
| what do the branches of the descending palatine artery supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the pharyngeal artery |
|
Definition
| passes through palatovaginal canal with the pterygopalatine ganglioon branch |
|
|
Term
| what does the pharyngeal artery supply |
|
Definition
| mucosa of the nasopharynx and sphenoid sinus |
|
|
Term
| what does the artery of the pterygoid canal supply |
|
Definition
| walls and contents of the pterygoid canal and mucosa of the nasopharynx, auditory tube, tympanic cavity |
|
|
Term
| where does the sphenopalatine artery enter the nasal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the sphenopalatine artery |
|
Definition
| pesterolateral nasal, posterior septal branches |
|
|
Term
| what does the posterolateral nasal branch supply |
|
Definition
| posterior part of the lateral wall of nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
| what do the posterior septal branches of the sphenopalatine artery supply |
|
Definition
| mucosa of the posterior part of the nasal septum |
|
|
Term
| where is the root of the nose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the apex of the nose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the dorsum located |
|
Definition
| from root to apex of the nose in the midline |
|
|
Term
| what are the two inferior aperatures of the nose called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what limits the nostrils on each side |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the supporting framework of the nose composed of |
|
Definition
| bone and hayline cartilage |
|
|
Term
| where is bone located in the nose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the bones of the nose |
|
Definition
| nasal bones and frontal processes of the maxilla |
|
|
Term
| where is cartilage located in the nost |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the cartilages of the nose |
|
Definition
| septum and two major alar |
|
|
Term
| how are the cartilages of the bone connected to the body |
|
Definition
| they are connected to eachother and to bones by fibrous tissue |
|
|
Term
| what does the septal cartilage form |
|
Definition
| anterior part of nasal septum |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the septum |
|
Definition
| two lateral processes, triangular in shape |
|
|
Term
| where is the septal cartilage located in relation to the nasal bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what shape are the major alar cartilages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the major alar cartilages form |
|
Definition
| lateral and medial borders of nostrils (lateral and medial cura) |
|
|
Term
| what are the walls of the nasal cavity made of |
|
Definition
| bone, cartilage, mucous layer |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the nasal cavity |
|
Definition
| floor, roof, two lateral walls, midline partition |
|
|
Term
| what is the midline partition of the nasal cavity called, what does it form |
|
Definition
| nasal septum, right and left nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
| what does the nasal cavity communicate with posteriorly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the posterior nasal aperatures called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the vestibule of the nost located |
|
Definition
| immediatly above the nares |
|
|
Term
| what is the vestibule of the nose lined with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the functions of the nasal cavity |
|
Definition
| olfaction, conditioning of inspired air, reception of recretions from paranasal air sinuses and nasolarcimal duct |
|
|
Term
| how does the nasal cavity condition air |
|
Definition
| filters, humidifies, warms |
|
|
Term
| what is superior to the nasal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what seperates the nasal cavity from the anterior cranial fossa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is lateral to the upper nasal cavity |
|
Definition
| ethmoidal air cells and orbit |
|
|
Term
| what is lateral to the lower nasal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is inferior to the nasal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what seperates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is posterior to the nasal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms the floor of the nasal cavity |
|
Definition
| hard palate, palatine process of maxilla, horizontal plates of palatine bones |
|
|
Term
| what forms the roof of the nasal cavity (anterior to posterior) |
|
Definition
| nasal bone, nasal spine of frontal bone, cribiform plate of ethmoid, inferior and anterior aspects of body of sphenoid |
|
|
Term
| what forms the nasal septum |
|
Definition
| perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer, a little from the sphenoid, maxilla, palatine |
|
|
Term
| what bone does the superior nasal concha come from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what bone does the middle concha come from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what bone does the inferior chocha come from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is between the conchae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the nasal meatuses |
|
Definition
| superior middle and inferior |
|
|
Term
| what is the sphenoethmoidal recess |
|
Definition
| part of nasal cavity behind superior nasal concha |
|
|
Term
| what is in the superior meatus, where are they located |
|
Definition
| posterior ethmoidal air cells on lateral wall |
|
|
Term
| what is in the middle meatus |
|
Definition
| ethmoidal bulla, semilunar hiatus, ostium of maxillary sinus, infundibulum |
|
|
Term
| where is the ethmoid bulla located |
|
Definition
| elevation in lateral wall of middle meatus |
|
|
Term
| what creates the ethmoidal bulla |
|
Definition
| openings of middle ethmoidal air cells |
|
|
Term
| where is the semilunar hiatus located |
|
Definition
| anterior and inferior to the ethmoidal bulla |
|
|
Term
| where is the ostium of the maxillary sinus located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the infundibulum recieve |
|
Definition
| openings of anterior ethmoidal air cells, sometimes frontal sinus. sometimes there is a superior blind end and frontal sinus opens into anterior middle nasal meatus |
|
|
Term
| what is in the inferior nasal meatus, where |
|
Definition
| opening of nasolarcimal duct, anterior part of lateral wall |
|
|
Term
| what is in the sphenoethmoidal recess |
|
Definition
| opening to sphenoidal sinus |
|
|
Term
| where is the nasal mucosa located |
|
Definition
| entire nasal cavity except vestibule |
|
|
Term
| how is the nasal mucosa bound |
|
Definition
| periosteum and perichondrium of suppoering structures |
|
|
Term
| what is the nasal mucosa continouos with |
|
Definition
| mucosal lining of nasopharynx, paranasal air sinuses, nasolacrimal fuct |
|
|
Term
| what are the types of nasal mucosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the olfactory mucosa located |
|
Definition
| highest part of the roof and adjacent part of septum and lateral wall |
|
|
Term
| what does olfactory mucosa contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of cells does respiratory mucosa have |
|
Definition
| ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium |
|
|
Term
| where does the sensory supply for the nose come from |
|
Definition
| branches of the opthalmic and maxillary nerves |
|
|
Term
| what sensory nerves supply the nose |
|
Definition
| anterior ethmoidal, nasal branch of infraorbital, nasal branch of anterior superior aveolar, posterolateral nasal branches, nasopalatine |
|
|
Term
| what is the anterior ethmoidal nerve a branch of |
|
Definition
| nasociliary nerve from opthalmic |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the anterior ethmoidal nerve to the nose |
|
Definition
| passes from orbit to anterior ethmoidal foramen, to anterior crainial fossa, to cribiform plate, crista galli slit to nasal cavity, divides into internal and external |
|
|
Term
| what does the internal anterior ethmoidal nerve innervate |
|
Definition
| mucosa of anterior part of septum and lateral wall |
|
|
Term
| what does the external anterior ethmoidal nerve innervate |
|
Definition
| skin of lower part of nose |
|
|
Term
| what does the nasal branch the infraorbital nerve supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the nasal branch of the anterior superior alveolar nerve supply |
|
Definition
| mucosa of anterior part of inferior meatus |
|
|
Term
| what do the posterolateral nasal branches supply |
|
Definition
| mucosa of posterior lateral wall |
|
|
Term
| where do the petrolateral nasal branches come from |
|
Definition
| petrygopalatine ganglion or greater palatine nerve |
|
|
Term
| what does the nasopalatine nerve supply |
|
Definition
| mucosa of the posterior part of the nasal septum |
|
|
Term
| what are the bipolar neruons of the mucosa called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are olfactory receptor cells located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms the dendrite of the olfactory receptor cells |
|
Definition
| peripherial processes, nonmotile cilia |
|
|
Term
| what forms the axons of olfactory receptor cells, where are they located, where do they end |
|
Definition
| central processes, pas through cribiform plate end in olfactory bulb |
|
|
Term
| what are the major arteries that supply the nose |
|
Definition
| sphenopalatine, atherior ethmoidal |
|
|
Term
| where does the sphenopalatine artery come from |
|
Definition
| terminal branch of maxillary a |
|
|
Term
| what does the sphenopalatine artery supply |
|
Definition
| posterior parts of lateral wall and septum |
|
|
Term
| what does the anterior ethmoidal artery supply |
|
Definition
| anterior part of lateral wall of septum |
|
|
Term
| where does the anterior ethmoidal artery come from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the minor sources of blood for the nasal cavity |
|
Definition
| posterior ethmoidal, superior labial, greater palatine |
|
|
Term
| where does the superior labial artery come from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the kiesselbach's area |
|
Definition
| anterior septal cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what occurs at kiesselbach's area |
|
Definition
| septal branches of sphenopalatine, greater palatine, anterior ethmoidal, and superior labial arteries anastomose with eachother |
|
|
Term
| what is epistaxis, where does is commonly occur |
|
Definition
| nosebleed. kiesselbach's triangle |
|
|
Term
| describe the veins of the nose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do the veins of the nose drain |
|
Definition
| pterygoid venous plexus via sphenopalatine vein, facial vein, supterior opthelmic vein via anterior and posterior ethmoidal v |
|
|
Term
| where are the paranasal sinuses located |
|
Definition
| frontal, maxilla, ethmoid, sphenoid bones |
|
|
Term
| what are paranasal sinuses lined with |
|
Definition
| mucous membrane continous with nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
| how do paranasal sinuses develop |
|
Definition
| a invaginations of the nasal mucosa. mucosa invades bones surrounding nasal cavity with sencondary bone resorption around invading mucosal sacs, at birth they are rudimentary but they groud during childhood and a lot in adolescence and reach max size as an adult |
|
|
Term
| what are the fuctions of the paranasal sinuses |
|
Definition
| resonating chambers for voice, lighten skull bones |
|
|
Term
| what is the largest paranasal air sinus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the apex of the maxillary sinus located |
|
Definition
| laterallu, toward zygomatic bone |
|
|
Term
| where is the base of the maxillary sinus located |
|
Definition
| medially, toward nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
| what is superior to the maxillary sinus |
|
Definition
| orbit and its contents, infraorbital canal runs along superior wall making a bony ridge |
|
|
Term
| what is medial to the maxillary sinus |
|
Definition
| nasal cavity, maxillary ostium located high in medial wall |
|
|
Term
| why does the maxillary sinus have poor drainage when erect |
|
Definition
| because the opening is high on the medial wall |
|
|
Term
| what is inferior to the maxillary sinus |
|
Definition
| aveolar processes, mostly molar roots rather than incisor |
|
|
Term
| what does the maxillary sinus communicate with |
|
Definition
| middle nasal meatus, opening in the lower part of the semilunr hiatus |
|
|
Term
| what nerve supplies the maxillary sinus |
|
Definition
| superior alveolar nerves from V2 |
|
|
Term
| what supplies blood to the maxillary air sinus |
|
Definition
| superior alveolar arteries branches of the maxillary and infraorbital |
|
|
Term
| what is the frontal sinus posterior to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what shape are the frontal sinuses usually |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the frontal sinus extend to |
|
Definition
| superior into frontal squama and posterior into orbital plates (roof of orbit) |
|
|
Term
| where does the frontal sinus open |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve supplies the frontal sinus |
|
Definition
| supraorbital, branch of the frontal from V1 |
|
|
Term
| what supplies blood to the frontal sinus |
|
Definition
| supraorbital branch of the the opthamic |
|
|
Term
| where are the ethmoidal air cells located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how may ethmoidal air cells do we have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do the ethmoidal air cells open |
|
Definition
| anterior into infundibulum of middlle nasal meatus, anterior into ethmoidal bulla of middle nasal meatus, posterior into superior nasal meatus |
|
|
Term
| what nerve supplies the ethmoidal air cells |
|
Definition
| anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves branches of nasociliary from V1 |
|
|
Term
| what supplies blood to the ethmoidal air cells |
|
Definition
| anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries (branches of the opthalmic) |
|
|
Term
| what is the sphenoidal sinus posterior to |
|
Definition
| upper part of nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
| what is superior to the sphenoidal sinus |
|
Definition
| pituitary gland and optic chiasm |
|
|
Term
| what is lateral to the sphenoid sinus |
|
Definition
| cavernous sinus and internal carotid a |
|
|
Term
| are the sphenoid sinuses symetrical? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the sphenoid sinus open |
|
Definition
| into sphenoethmoidal recess |
|
|
Term
| what nerves supply the sphenoid sinus |
|
Definition
| posterior ethmoidal nerve , pharyngeal nerve |
|
|
Term
| where does the pharyngeal nerve come from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of fibers does the pharyngeal nerve have, where from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what supplies blood to the sphenoidal sinuses |
|
Definition
| posterior ethmoidal a, pharyngeal branch of maxillary a |
|
|
Term
| what is the common chamber of the digestive and respiratory system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the pharynx extend to and from |
|
Definition
| base of skull to inferior border of the cricoid cartilage and the lower body of C6 |
|
|
Term
| what does the pharynx become continous with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the three walls of the pharynx in general |
|
Definition
| lateral and posterior are complete, anterior is incomplete |
|
|
Term
| what does the anterior pharynx communicate with |
|
Definition
| nasal cavity, oral cavity, larynx |
|
|
Term
| what are the pards of the pharynx |
|
Definition
| nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for the laryngopharynx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what function does the nasopharynx play |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the borders of the nasopharynx |
|
Definition
| base of skull to soft palate |
|
|
Term
| what does the nasopharynx communicate with, with what? |
|
Definition
| nasal cavity via choanae or posterior nasal aperatures |
|
|
Term
| what is in the nasopharynx |
|
Definition
| pharyngeal tonsil, pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube, salpingopharyngeal fold, torus levatorius, tubal tonsil |
|
|
Term
| where is the pharyngeal tonsil located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube located |
|
Definition
| lateral wall of nasopharynx |
|
|
Term
| what is the torus tubarius |
|
Definition
| the medial end of cartilage of the auditory tube that elevates mucosa of nasopharynx |
|
|
Term
| were does the salpingopharyngeal fold extend from |
|
Definition
| downward from the posterior limb of torus tubaris |
|
|
Term
| where does the salpingopharyngeal fold end |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the salpingopharyngeal fold cover |
|
Definition
| salpingopharyngeus muscle |
|
|
Term
| where is the torus levatorius located |
|
Definition
| inferior to pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube |
|
|
Term
| what causes the torus levatorius |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the tubal tonsil |
|
Definition
| around pharyngeal opening of the autidoty tube |
|
|
Term
| what does the oropharynx extend to and from |
|
Definition
| soft palate to superior border of epiglottis |
|
|
Term
| what communicates with the oropharynx, through what |
|
Definition
| oral cavity through oropharyngeal isthmus |
|
|
Term
| where is the palatine tonsil located |
|
Definition
| lateral between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches in tonsillar fossa |
|
|
Term
| what do the glossoepiglottic folds connect |
|
Definition
| anterior surface of the epiglottis to the root of the tounge |
|
|
Term
| how many glossoepiglottic folds are there |
|
Definition
| 3 (1 medial and 2 lateral) |
|
|
Term
| what and where are the apitlottic valleculae |
|
Definition
| 2 depressions between epiglottis and root of tounge on either side of the medial glossoepiglotic folds |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for the pharyngeal lymphoid ring |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the pharyngeal lymphoid ring loacted |
|
Definition
| enterance to pharynx from nasal and oral cavities |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of waldeyer's ring |
|
Definition
| pharyngeal, tubal, lingual, and palatine tonsils |
|
|
Term
| what does the laryngopharynx extend to and from |
|
Definition
| from superior border of epiglottis to inferior border of cricoid cartilage where pharynx becomes continous with esophagus |
|
|
Term
| where is the laryngopharynx located by |
|
Definition
| posterior to laryngeal inlet and posterior wall of larynx |
|
|
Term
| where is the piriform fossa located |
|
Definition
| depression located inferolateral to laryngeal inlet and medial to lamina of thyroid cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what does the pririform fossa have in it, where |
|
Definition
| internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal vessels, under mucosa |
|
|
Term
| what are the layers of the pharyngeal wall |
|
Definition
| mucosa, submucosa, muscular coat, buccopharyngeal fascia |
|
|
Term
| where is the pharyngobasilar fascia |
|
Definition
| `in the upper part of the larynx |
|
|
Term
| what is unique about the submucosa of the pharyngobasilar fascia |
|
Definition
| it is fibrous like the rest of it but is especially strong here |
|
|
Term
| what does the submucosa of the pharynx attach to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what surface of the pharynx does the buccopharyngeal fascia cover, what is it continous with |
|
Definition
| external surface, fascia covering external surface of buccinator and with visceral part of pretracheal layer of deep cervical fasci |
|
|
Term
| what is the pharyng seperated from the vertebral column and anterior vertebral muscles by |
|
Definition
| fasica and loose CT of retropharyngeal space |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the retropharyngeal space |
|
Definition
| allow elevation and depression of pharynx during swallowing |
|
|
Term
| what are the constrictor muscles of the pharynx |
|
Definition
| superior middle and inferior |
|
|
Term
| what is the external muscular layer of the pharynx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how are the constrictor muscles arranged |
|
Definition
| like a stack of glasses, superior is partially over middle, middle is slightly over inferior |
|
|
Term
| what are the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx |
|
Definition
| stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, salpingpharyngeus |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the superior constrictor |
|
Definition
| lower part of posterior border of the medial pterygoid plate, pterygoig hamulus, pterygomandibular raphe, posterior part of mylohyoid line, lateral aspect of root of tounge |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the superior constrictor |
|
Definition
| pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle of occipital bone on top |
|
|
Term
| what part of the superior constructor reaches the base of the skull, why |
|
Definition
| only in posterior midline, there is a non muscular area between superior constrictor and base of skull which pharyngeal wall is composed of largley pharyngobasilar fascia |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the middle constrictor |
|
Definition
| greater horn and lesser horn of hyoid and stylohyoid ligament |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the middle constrictor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in what way do the fibers of the middle constrictor rin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the inferior constrictor |
|
Definition
| oblique line of thyroid cartilage, lateral aspect of cricoid cartilage, tendinous arch between thyroid and cricoid cartilages |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the inferior constrictor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the direction of the fibers of the inferior constrictor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the lower fibers of the inferior constrictor called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the cricopharyngeus muscle originate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the cricopharyngeus muscle |
|
Definition
| sphinctor at enterance of esophagus preventing air from entering digestive tract |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the stylopharyngeus muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the stylopharyngeus muscle |
|
Definition
| pharyngeal wall passing between superior and middle constrictors to posterior border of thyroig cartilage, and palatopharyngeus in pharyngeal wall |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the salpingopharyngeus |
|
Definition
| cartilage of autitory tube neat tubes pharyngeal opening |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the salpingopharyngeus |
|
Definition
| fibers descend and bend with thos of palatopharyngeus |
|
|
Term
| how do structures leave and enter pharynx |
|
Definition
| gap between constrictor muscles |
|
|
Term
| what passes through superior constrictor and base of skull |
|
Definition
| pharyngotympanic tube, levator veli palatini, ascending palatine a |
|
|
Term
| what passes between superior and middle constrictors |
|
Definition
| stylopharyngeus m, glossopharyngeal n |
|
|
Term
| what passes through middle and inferior constrictors |
|
Definition
| inernal laryngeal nerve, superior laryngeal a and v |
|
|
Term
| what passes inferior to the inferior constrictor |
|
Definition
| recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior laryngeal a and v |
|
|
Term
| what forms the pharyngeal plexus |
|
Definition
| branches of glossopharyngeal n, vagus n, superior sympathetic ganglion |
|
|
Term
| what are the fiber types and from what in the pharyngeal plexus |
|
Definition
| glossopharyngeal sensory, vagal motor, sympathetic vasomotor |
|
|
Term
| what supplies motor innervation to the muscles of the pharynx |
|
Definition
| vagus except for stylopharyngeus muscle |
|
|
Term
| what innervates the stylopharyngeus m |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the inferior constrictors recieve innervation from |
|
Definition
| mostly vagus, some external laryngeal |
|
|
Term
| what is the main sorce of sensory supply to the pharyngeal mucosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the maxally nerve supply in the pharynx, via what |
|
Definition
| mucosa of upper nasopharynx via pharyngeal branch of pterygopalatine ganglion), upper tonsillar fossa and palatine fossa (via lesser palatine granch of pterygopalatine ganglion |
|
|
Term
| what supplies the mucosa around laryngeal inlet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what arteries supply the pharynx |
|
Definition
| ascending pharyngeal. ascending palatine and tonsillar, decending palatine and pharyngeal, dorsal lungual branches, superior thyroid |
|
|
Term
| what are the decending palatine and pharyngeal branches of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the ascending palatine and tonsillar branches of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the dorsal lingual branches of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what veins drain the pharynx |
|
Definition
| plexus drains into pterygoid venous plexus and facial vein and internal jugular |
|
|
Term
| what are the involuntary stages of deglutition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the voluntary stages of deglutition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what occurs in phase 1 of deglutition |
|
Definition
| bolus is pressed between dorsum of tounge and hard palate, tounge pushes bolus posterior into oropharynx |
|
|
Term
| what occurs in phase 2 of deglutition |
|
Definition
| soft palate elevates sealing oropharynx from nasopharynx, stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, and suprahyoid muscles elevate pharynx and larynx and recieve bolus, laryngeal inlet is closed |
|
|
Term
| what prevents food from getting into nasal cavity |
|
Definition
| soft palate elevates to seal oropharynx from nasopharynx |
|
|
Term
| what prevents food from getting into the larynx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what occurs in phase 3 of deglitition |
|
Definition
| constrictor muscles contract sequentially from superior to inferior to push bolus into esophagus |
|
|
Term
| what occurs in phase 4 of deglutition |
|
Definition
| bolus enters esophagus and is propelled down by peristaltic action |
|
|
Term
| what does the oral region include |
|
Definition
| oral cavity, teeth, gingiva, tounge, palate, region of palatine tonsils |
|
|
Term
| what are the functions of the oral cavity |
|
Definition
| taste, lingual manipulation of food, ingestion, prep for sotmach and SI |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the oral cavity |
|
Definition
| vestibule, oral cavity proper |
|
|
Term
| what are the boundries of the oral vestibule |
|
Definition
| space between lips, cheeks, teeth, and gums |
|
|
Term
| what are the boundries of the oral cavity proper |
|
Definition
| between upper and lower dental arches (maxillary and mendibular alveolar processes and the teeth they hold) |
|
|
Term
| what forms the roof of the oral cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the oral cavity communicate with posteriorly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the palate form |
|
Definition
| roof of mouth, floor of nasal cavity |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the palate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms the hard palate |
|
Definition
| palatine processes of maxilla, horizontal plates of palatine bones |
|
|
Term
| what is the hard palate continous with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is the hard palate mucosa secured |
|
Definition
| tightly to the undelying bone |
|
|
Term
| describe the mucosa of the soft palate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the soft palate attached to |
|
Definition
| posterior border of the hard palate |
|
|
Term
| what projects from the palate, where |
|
Definition
| posterior midline is the uvula |
|
|
Term
| what is the soft palate composed of |
|
Definition
| mucous membrane, palatine aponeurosis, muscules |
|
|
Term
| what is the palatine aponeurosis attached to |
|
Definition
| posterior border of hard palate |
|
|
Term
| where does the palatine aponeurosis originate from |
|
Definition
| tensor veli palatini muscle |
|
|
Term
| what are the muscules of the soft palate |
|
Definition
| tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, platoglossis, palatopharyngeus |
|
|
Term
| what does the tensor veli do |
|
Definition
| tenses the palate and opens pharyngotympanic tube during swallowing and yawning |
|
|
Term
| what is the tensor veli palatini innervated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the levator veli palatini do |
|
Definition
| elevate palate in swallowing and yawning |
|
|
Term
| what is the levator veli palatini innervated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the platglossus do |
|
Definition
| elevates posterior tounge and draws soft palate onto tounge |
|
|
Term
| what is the palatoglossus innervated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the palatopharyngeus do |
|
Definition
| tenses soft palate and pulls walls of pharynx superior, anterior, and medial duriing swallowing |
|
|
Term
| what is the palatopharyngeus innervated by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the primary artery for the palate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the branches of the descending palatine artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the descending palatine artery a branch of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the descending palatine artery end |
|
Definition
| anastamose with lesser palatine a |
|
|
Term
| what nerve provides the branches for the nerves of the palate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerve branches supply the palate |
|
Definition
| nasopalatine, greater palatine, lesser palatine |
|
|
Term
| what does the nasopalatine go through |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the greater palatine go through |
|
Definition
| greater palatine foramina |
|
|
Term
| what does the lesser palatine go through |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the major salivary glands |
|
Definition
| parotid, submandibular, sublingual |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connects tounge to floor of mouth, vertical fold |
|
|
Term
| what is the composition of the tounge |
|
Definition
| striated m and mucous membrane |
|
|
Term
| what is the tounge attached to |
|
Definition
| styloid process, soft palate, mandible, hyoid bone |
|
|
Term
| what divides the tounge in right and left halves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what divides the tounge into anterior and posterior |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the foramen cecum |
|
Definition
| apex of sulcus terminalis |
|
|
Term
| what is the anterior part of the tounge called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the posterior part of the tounge called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the types of tounge muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the extrinsic muscles of the toune |
|
Definition
| genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus |
|
|
Term
| what innervates tounge muscles |
|
Definition
| CN XII except palatoglossus which is CN X |
|
|
Term
| in the tounge, what muscle causes protrusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the tounge, what muscle causes retraction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the tounge, what muscle causes depression |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the tounge, what muscle causes retraction and elevation of posterior 1/3 |
|
Definition
| styloglossus and palatoglossus |
|
|
Term
| in the tounge, what muscle stops changes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what artery supplies the tounge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what veins drain the tounge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the lymph from the tip of the tounge go to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the lymph from the sides of the anterior 2/3 of the tounge go to |
|
Definition
| submandibular and deep cervical |
|
|
Term
| where does the lymph from the posterior 1/3 of the tounge go to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what provides sensory for the anterior 2/3 of the tounge |
|
Definition
| lingual nerve. chorda tympani |
|
|
Term
| what is the lingual nerve a branch of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the chorda tympani come from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what provides sensory for the posterior 1/3 of the tounge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what came first, the thyroid cartilage or the gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the superior horn of the thyroid cartilage connected to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is between the cricoid arch and first tracheal cartilage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what vein is visible under the tounge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the platoglossus innervated by |
|
Definition
| pharyngeal branch of CN X |
|
|
Term
| what tests the integrity of CN 12, how can you tell |
|
Definition
| genoglossus, tounge will be tilted to the paralyzed nerve |
|
|
Term
| what is the hard palate made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is the hard palate mucosa so adherent |
|
Definition
| to help you chew, rugae help manipulate food and need to be held in place |
|
|
Term
| why does the soft palate need an extensive blood supply |
|
Definition
| because it needs rapid healing because of lots of damage from food |
|
|
Term
| what is the ascending palatine artery a branch of KNOW ME |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the ascending palatine artery end KNOW ME |
|
Definition
| anastamose with lesser palatine |
|
|
Term
| what do sympathetics do to glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do parasympathetics do to glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two parts of the tounge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the vermillion border |
|
Definition
| border between pink of lip and rest of skin |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the frenulum |
|
Definition
| holds lip in place against tounge |
|
|
Term
| what are the teeth innervated by |
|
Definition
V2: 3 superior alveolar nerves (posterior, middle, anterior)
V3: inferior aveolar |
|
|
Term
| why is the soft palate mobile |
|
Definition
| tries to close nasal cavity when eating |
|
|
Term
| what are the functions of the larynx |
|
Definition
| link pharynx to trachea, sphincter, sound production |
|
|
Term
| how does the larynx act as a sphincter |
|
Definition
| prevents passage of solids and liquids from the pharynx to the air passages below |
|
|
Term
| how does the larynx act in sound production |
|
Definition
| controls expulsion of air from the lungs to make sounds |
|
|
Term
| what are the unpaired cartilages of the larynx |
|
Definition
| thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis |
|
|
Term
| what are the paired cartilages of the larynx |
|
Definition
| artenoid, corniculate, cuneiform |
|
|
Term
| what is the thyroid cartilages made of |
|
Definition
| plate like laminae that fuse anterior to form laryngeal prominence |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for the laryngeal prominence |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the posterior border of the lamina of the thyroid cartilage projects inferior and superior forming |
|
Definition
| inferior and superior horns |
|
|
Term
| what do the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage articulate with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the oblique line |
|
Definition
| ridge on lateral aspect of thyroid cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what attaches to the oblique line |
|
Definition
| sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, inferior pharyngeal constrictors |
|
|
Term
| what is the shape of the cricoid cartilage described as, why |
|
Definition
| signet rint, narrow arch anterior and wide lamina posterior |
|
|
Term
| what does the cricoid cartilage articulate with |
|
Definition
| inferior horn of thyroid cartilage |
|
|
Term
| where is the cricotracheal ligament |
|
Definition
| connected to first tracheal cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what is the epiglottis made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the inferior end of the epiglottis attached by ant to |
|
Definition
| thyroepiglottic ligament to angle formed by laminae of thyroid cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what is the anterior surface of the epiglottis attached to, by what |
|
Definition
| body of hyoid by hyoepiglottic ligament |
|
|
Term
| where are the pyrmaidal cartilages of the artenoid cartilages located |
|
Definition
| on each side of the superior border of the cricoid lamina |
|
|
Term
| what attaches to the vocal process od the artenoid cartilages |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what attaches to the muscular process of the artenoid cartilages |
|
Definition
| posterior and lateral cricoarytehoid muscles |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the arytenoid cartilage |
|
Definition
| two pyrmidal cartilages, vocal process, muscular process |
|
|
Term
| what type of joint is the cricothyroid joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the cricothyroid joint located |
|
Definition
| between articular facets on lateral aspect of cricoid cartilage and inferior horn of thyroig ccartilage |
|
|
Term
| what does the criothyroid cartilage allow to happen |
|
Definition
| thrydoig cartilage to tilt forward and backward on cricoid cartilage |
|
|
Term
| where is the cricoarytehoid joint located |
|
Definition
| between articular facent on superior border of cricoid lamina and base of arytehoid cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what movement does the cricoarytenod joint allow |
|
Definition
| rotation of arytehoid around vertical axis and gliding of arytehoid anteroposterior and medial to lateral |
|
|
Term
| what are the membranes and ligaments of the larynx |
|
Definition
| thyrohyoid membrane, cricotracheal ligement, hyoepiglotic the thyroepiglotic ligaments |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the thyrohyoid membrane |
|
Definition
| suspend larynx from hyoid bone |
|
|
Term
| what is the thyrohyoid membrane connected to |
|
Definition
| body and greater horn of hyoid to upper border and superior horns of thyroid |
|
|
Term
| what does the cricotracheal ligament connect |
|
Definition
| inferior border of cricoid cartilage to first tracheal cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what dos the hypepiglotic and thyroepiglottic ligaments connect |
|
Definition
| epiglottis to hyoid bone and thyroig cartilage |
|
|
Term
| what is the laryngeal inlet |
|
Definition
| communication between laryngopharynx and larynx |
|
|
Term
| what does the plant of the laryngeal inlet pass posterior and inferior to |
|
Definition
| epiglottis and artenoid cartilages |
|
|
Term
| what is the anterior boundry of the laryngeal inlet |
|
Definition
| superior border of epiglottis |
|
|
Term
| what is the lateral boundry of the laryngeal inlet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the eryepiglottic fold contain, where at |
|
Definition
| corniculate and cuneiform cartilages, in posterior part |
|
|
Term
| what is the posterior boundry of the laryngeal inlet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the laryngeal vestibule located |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the laryngeal vestibule extend from |
|
Definition
| laryngeal inlet to mucosal folds (vestibular folds) |
|
|
Term
| what is the rimi vestibuli |
|
Definition
| space between right and left vestibular folds |
|
|
Term
| what is the laryngeal ventricle |
|
Definition
| space between vestibular and vocal folds on each side |
|
|
Term
| what does the laryngeal ventricle extend to, what is it called at its end |
|
Definition
| to vestibular fold, laryngeal saccule |
|
|
Term
| what does the laryngeal ventricle mucosa contain, why |
|
Definition
| many mucous glands to lubricate vocal folds |
|
|
Term
| what do the vocal folds contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the rima glottidis |
|
Definition
| space between right and left vocal folds |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the rima glottidis |
|
Definition
| intermembranous (anterior), intercartilaginous |
|
|
Term
| compare the size of the rima glottidis to rima vestibuli |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what changes shape of rima glottidis |
|
Definition
| width and shape of vocal folds and arytehoid cartilages |
|
|
Term
| what are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx |
|
Definition
| suprahyoid, longitudinal, pharyngeal muscles, infrahyoid muscles |
|
|
Term
| what do the pharyngeal muscles do to the larynx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the infrahyoid muscles do to the larynx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the extrinsic muscles do to the larynx overall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the intrinsic muscles do to the larynx |
|
Definition
| move individual laryngeal cartilages |
|
|
Term
| where is the cricothyroid muscle located |
|
Definition
| external surface of larynx |
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the cricothyroid muscles |
|
Definition
| tilt thyroud cartilage forward to increase distance between thyroid and arytehoid cartilages, tensing vocal cords |
|
|
Term
| what does the thyroarytehoid muscle do |
|
Definition
| draws arytenoid cartilage forward, bringing vocal ligaments closer, relaxing vocal fold |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the thyroarytenoid |
|
Definition
| vocalis m, thyroepiglottic m |
|
|
Term
| where is the vocalis muscle located |
|
Definition
| most medial fibers of thyroarytenoid |
|
|
Term
| what does the vocalis muscle do |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the thyroepiglottic muscle located |
|
Definition
| superior extension of thyroarytehoid |
|
|
Term
| what does the thyroepiglottic muscle do |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the posterior cricoarytehoid do |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the lateral crioarytehoid do |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the transverse arytehoid attach to |
|
Definition
| posterior surface of arytehoid cartilages |
|
|
Term
| what does the transverse arytehoid do |
|
Definition
| slides arytehoid cartilages medial, adductor of vocal folds |
|
|
Term
| what does the oblique arytehoid do |
|
Definition
| with aryepiglottic it is a sphincter of laryngeal inet |
|
|
Term
| where is the oblique arytenoid in relation to transverse arytehoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what supplies the muscles of the larynx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the superior laryngeal nerve divide into |
|
Definition
| internal and external laryngeal |
|
|
Term
| what is the superior laryngeal nerve a branch of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the external laryngeal nerve innervate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what branch of the vagus supplies the muscles of the larynx... except |
|
Definition
| recurrent laryngeal, except cricothyroid muscle |
|
|
Term
| what nerve pierces the thyrohyoid membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the internal laryngeal supply |
|
Definition
| mucosa of internal larynx from inlet to vocal folds |
|
|
Term
| what does the recurrent laryngeal nerve supply |
|
Definition
| almost all muscles of larynx and its mucosa below the vocal folds |
|
|
Term
| what arteries supply the larynx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the superior laryngeal artery get into the larynx |
|
Definition
| poerces thyrohyoid membrane |
|
|
Term
| how does the recurrent laryngeal nerve get into the larynx |
|
Definition
| Goes under inferior constrictor |
|
|
Term
| what does the inferior laryngeal artery accompany |
|
Definition
| recurrent laryngeal nerve |
|
|
Term
| what does the inferior laryngeal artery pass under |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what veins drin the larynx |
|
Definition
| superior and inferior laryngeal join the superior and inferior thyroid |
|
|
Term
| where does the superior thyroid vein drain into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the inferior thyroid vein drain into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when food passes through the laryngopharynx during swallowing, some of it enters the _________ on accident. it is possible it could become _________ |
|
Definition
| piriform recesses (fossae), lodged there |
|
|
Term
| what could happen if a sharp object pierces the mucosa of the piriform recess |
|
Definition
| injur the internal laryngeal nerve |
|
|
Term
| what are the major parts of the ear |
|
Definition
| external, middle or tympanic cavity, internal or labrynth |
|
|
Term
| what part of the ear contains the organs for hearing and balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the main parts of the external ear |
|
Definition
| pinna, external audutiry meatus |
|
|
Term
| what is the auricle or pinna shaped in the way it is |
|
Definition
| because it collects air vibrations |
|
|
Term
| what is the auricle made of |
|
Definition
| thin plate of elastic cartilage covered by skin |
|
|
Term
| where does the external auditory meatus extend to and from |
|
Definition
| auricle ro tympanic membrane |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the auditory meatus |
|
Definition
| conduct sound waves from the auricle to the tympanic membrane |
|
|
Term
| what is the outer 1/3 of the auditory meatus made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the inner 2/3 of the auditory meatus made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what lines the auditory meatus |
|
Definition
| skin and hairs, sebacous glands, cerminous glands |
|
|
Term
| what nerve supplies sensory to the lining of the auditory meatus |
|
Definition
| auriculotemporal and auricular branch of vagus |
|
|
Term
| where does lumph from the external ear drain |
|
Definition
| superificial parotid, mastoid, and superificial cervical nodes |
|
|
Term
| to properlly view the tympanic membrane what needs to be done in an adult |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| to properlly view the tympanic membrane what needs to be done in an child |
|
Definition
| pull auricle back and down |
|
|
Term
| describe the apperance of the tympanic membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the depression in the center of the tympanic membrane |
|
|
Term
| what is the middle ear filled with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what bone is the middle ear in |
|
Definition
| pterous portion of temporal bone |
|
|
Term
| what lines the middle ear |
|
Definition
| mucous membrane that has auditory ossicles |
|
|
Term
| what does the auditory tube connect |
|
Definition
| middle ear in front with nasopharynx and behind with mastoid antrum |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for the auditory tube |
|
Definition
| pharyngotympanic tube, eustachian tube |
|
|
Term
| what forms the roof of the middle ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the tegman tympani part of |
|
Definition
| the petrous temporal bone |
|
|
Term
| what does the tegman tympani seperate |
|
Definition
| tympanic cavity from temporal lobe and its meninges |
|
|
Term
| what forms the floor of the middle ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the thin bone forming the floor of the middle ear seperate |
|
Definition
| tympanic cavity from superior bub of internal jugular bein |
|
|
Term
| what opens into the anterior wall of the tympanic cavity |
|
Definition
| auditory tube and tube of tensor tympani |
|
|
Term
| describe the posterior wall of the middle ear |
|
Definition
| aditus opening, pyramind projection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opening to the mastoid antrum in the posterior wall of the middle ear |
|
|
Term
| describe the medial wall of the middle ear |
|
Definition
| promontory projection, above and behind is the fenestra vestibulii opening, below and behind is the fenestra cochleae |
|
|
Term
| what causes the promontory |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms the lateral wall of the middle ear |
|
Definition
| tympanic cavity, concave lateral |
|
|
Term
| what are the names of the auditory ossicles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the largest auditory ossicle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what attaches to the medial surface of the tympanic membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the malleus articulae with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the incus articulate with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the base of foot plate of the stapes sit |
|
Definition
| on fenestra vestivuli or oval window |
|
|
Term
| what muscles are associated with the ossicles |
|
Definition
| tensor tympani and stapedius |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the tensory typmani |
|
Definition
| wall of the auditory tube and its own canal |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the tensor tympani |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the innervation of the tensor tympani |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the tensor tympani |
|
Definition
| dampen vibrations of the tympanic membrane |
|
|
Term
| what is the origin of the stapedius |
|
Definition
| pyramid on the posterior wall of middle ear |
|
|
Term
| what is the insertion of the stapedius |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the innervation of the stapedius |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the action of the stapedius |
|
Definition
| dampen vibrations of the stapes |
|
|
Term
| what does the auditory tube connect |
|
Definition
| anterior wall of the tympanic cavity to the nasopharynx |
|
|
Term
| what is the posterior 1/3 of the auditory tube made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the anterior 2/3 of the auditory tube made of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the auditory tube pass over |
|
Definition
| upper border of the superior constrictor |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the auditory tube |
|
Definition
| pressures the middle ear with atmospheric pressure |
|
|
Term
| where is the mastoid antrum located |
|
Definition
| behind the middle ear in the ptrous portion of the temporal bone |
|
|
Term
| how does the mastoid antrum communicate with the middle ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the mastoid antrum communicate with |
|
Definition
| mastoid air cells and aditus |
|
|
Term
| where are the mastoid air cells located |
|
Definition
| within the mastoid process |
|
|
Term
| what are the mastoid air cells continous with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the mastoid air cells lined with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the facial nerve enter the facial canal |
|
Definition
| the bottom of the internal auditory meatus |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the facial nerve to the geniculate ganglion |
|
Definition
| runs lateral above the vestibule of the inner ear until it reaches the medial wall of the middle ear |
|
|
Term
| where does the facil nerve bend sharple backward int he ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the facial nerve do when it arrives at the posterior wall of the middle ear |
|
Definition
| curves down on the medial side of the aditus of the mastoid antrum |
|
|
Term
| where does the facial nerve give off a branch to the stapedius muscle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the bend in the facial canal called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| after branching for the stapedius, where does the facial nerve go |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what arises from the facial nerve after the stylomastoid foramen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the chorda tympani |
|
Definition
| enters the middle ear close to the border of the tympanic membrane and crosses the handle of the malleus, it exits the middle ear through the petrotympanic fissure to enter the infratemporal fossa to joint the lingual nerve |
|
|
Term
| what fibers does the chorda tympani contain |
|
Definition
| taste and preganglionic parasympathetic fibers |
|
|
Term
| what does the chorda tympani innervate |
|
Definition
| anterior 2/3 of the tounge (taste), and the submandibular gland (parasympathetic) |
|
|
Term
| where does the tympanic nerve begin |
|
Definition
| branches off the glossopharyngeal nerve just below the jugular foramen |
|
|
Term
| describe where the tympanic nerver enters the middle ear, then what does it do |
|
Definition
| passes through the floor and onto the promontory where it splits into branches forming the tympanic plexus |
|
|
Term
| what does the tympanic plexus supplu |
|
Definition
| mucosa of th emiddle ear and gives off the lesser petrosal nerve |
|
|
Term
| what contains the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers destined for the otic ganglion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the lesser pterosal nerve exit the middle ear |
|
Definition
| through a small caniculus in the roof |
|
|
Term
| where does the lesser pterosal nerve exit the skull then where does it end |
|
Definition
| through the foramen ovale and joins the otic ganglion |
|
|
Term
| what is the entire outer ear projection called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the top of the ear called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the curve on the medial portion of the ear called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the little projection of skin above the external auditory meatus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the function of earwax |
|
Definition
| lubricate tympanic membrane |
|
|
Term
| is the autidory tuve usually open of closed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why does hte auditory tube usually stay closed, what happens if it doesnt |
|
Definition
| passage for mucous, infection can erode bone, many times it gets into mastoid air cells and needs to be operated on |
|
|
