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Definition
| the loudness of sound is determined by the vibrations of the |
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Definition
| to what part of the brain are both general and most special senses carried |
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Definition
| special senses, such as sight and sound, are converted to an action potential by |
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Definition
| which of the following papillae found on the surface of the tongue contains no taste buds, but does contain sensory nerve endings to detect the temperature and texture of food? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which cell has receptors specialized to detect different tastes? |
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Term
| foods have a less intense taste when the mouth is dry |
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Definition
| How is the sensation of taste affected by a dry mouth? |
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Term
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Definition
| What taste sensation results when sodium ions enter gustatory cells through sodium ion channel receptors, and the cell depolarizes? |
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Term
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Definition
| What gland secretes oil to prevent the eyelids from sticking together? |
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Term
| depression of the eye and lateral movement. |
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Definition
| A weak superior oblique muscle would impair: |
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Term
| fibrous, vascular, and neural layers. |
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Definition
| The three layers of the eyeball, from outer to inner, are: |
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Definition
| The sclera is continuous with a transparent layer over the anterior eye known as the: |
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Definition
| What region of the retina contains a high density of photoreceptor cells and allows for extremely detailed vision? |
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Term
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Definition
| What secretes the aqueous humor? |
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Term
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Definition
| What gelatinous mass helps maintain the shape of the eyeball? |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of the lens to change its shape from flattened to round is known as: |
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Term
| Her eyeballs are too short. |
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Definition
| Thirty-year-old Laura learned she is hyperopic after having her eyes examined. What best describes her eye condition? |
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Term
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Definition
Determine the correct order of events that occur when light strikes photoreceptor cells.
1. The bipolar cell depolarizes.
2. Action potentials are sent to the brain via the optic nerve (CN II).
3. Light hyperpolarizes the photoreceptor.
4. Retinal ganglion cell produces action potentials. |
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Term
| Cerumen enhances sound transmission into the ear canal. |
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Definition
| What is NOT a function of cerumen? |
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Term
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Definition
| What separates the outer ear from the middle ear? |
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Term
| pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube) |
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Definition
| What equalizes pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane? |
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Term
| Sounds will be louder than normal. |
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Definition
| If the stapedius muscle is unable to reduce movement of the ossicles as a unit, how is hearing affected? |
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Term
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Definition
| The vibrations received by the tympanic membrane are transferred to the oval window by the: |
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Term
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Definition
| What part of the inner ear is involved in hearing? |
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Term
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Definition
| Standing still in an elevator that suddenly lowers stimulates receptors in the: |
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Term
| tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, oval window, perilymph, scala vestibuli of the cochlea. |
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Definition
| As sound waves travel into the ear, they pass from the auditory canal to the: |
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Term
| the same cell or cell type |
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Definition
| What do autocrine cells target? |
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Term
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Definition
| what hormone is produced by adipocytes to regulate satiety, a feeling of fullness after eating? |
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Term
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Definition
| Target cells make less receptors for a particular hormone when the level of that hormone increases in the blood stream. This process is known as? |
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Term
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Definition
| Hormones that act on the same target cells and have amplified effects are said to be: |
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Term
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Definition
| With which gland does the hypothalamus have a close anatomical and physiological relationship? |
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Term
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Definition
| Melatonin appears to adjust the sleep phase of the sleep/wake cycle of some people. |
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Term
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Definition
| Where is antidiurectic hormone made (ADH, or vasopressin)? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which of the following organs contains target cells for oxytocin? |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypersection of growth hormone after the epiphyseal plate closes causes a disorder known as: |
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Term
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Definition
| What hormone is made by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland? |
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Term
| antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone |
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Definition
| Which hormones work synergistically to retain water? |
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Term
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Definition
| Grace complains of weight gain, cold intolerance, and low blood pressure. To what disorder do her symptoms match? |
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Term
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Definition
| What neurohormones release from the adrenal medulla? |
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Term
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Definition
| The hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system is a special blood supply that provides a connection between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland |
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Term
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Definition
| Hyposecretion of both aldosterone and cortisol results in: |
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Term
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Definition
| Which pancreatic cells release insulin and glucogon? |
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Term
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Definition
| Glocosuria and ketonuria are characteristic of: |
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Term
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Definition
| Thymosin and thymopoietin assist in the maturation of: |
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Term
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Definition
| A sensory receptor that responds to chemicals: |
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Term
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Definition
| Which three cranial nerves innervate the extrinsic eye muscles? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which structure serves as a relay station for most sensory impulses? |
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Term
| protection, mineral storage, acid base balance (homeostasis), blood cell formation, fat storage, movement, and support |
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Definition
| What are the 6 major functions of the skeletal system? |
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Term
| long bone, short bone, flat bone, sesamoid bone, and irregular bone. |
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Definition
| What are the 5 classes of bone structure? |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| membrane composed of dense irregular collagenous connective tissue; rich with blood vessels and nerves; surrounds outer surface of long bones |
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Term
| short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones |
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Definition
| do NOT have diaphyses, epiphyses, medullary cavities, epiphyseal lines, or epiphyseal plates |
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Term
| hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage |
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Definition
| What are the three types of cartilage? |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of cartilage cushions the articular surface (joint surface) of bones? |
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Term
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Definition
| what type of cartilage is found between vertebrae? |
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Term
| enabling movement, provide stability, allow long bones to lengthen |
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Definition
| what are the three functions of joints? |
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Term
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Definition
| What fibrous joints are found only in the skull? |
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Term
| Fibrous joints: suture, gomphosis and desmosis |
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Definition
| This joint does NOT contain a fluid filled cavity, and is held together by dense regular collagenous connective tissue: |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of joint has the widest range of movement? |
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Term
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Definition
| Kathy, a 50 year old women is experiencing inflammation, pain, and limitation of movement in her joints. What could be the cause of this? |
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Term
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Definition
| Eric, a former pitcher for the NY Yankees, is experiencing inflammation of bursa in his shoulder. What would this most likely result in? |
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Term
| osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts |
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Definition
| What are the three types of bone cells? |
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Term
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Definition
| What is the most predominant protein fiber found in bone that helps bone resist twisting) pulling or stretching forces? |
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Term
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Definition
| What two minerals are found in bones inorganic extracellular matrix? |
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Term
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Definition
| Which type of bone cell secretes organic matrix materials in order to assist in the formation of inorganic matrix? (Bone deposition/building) |
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Term
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Definition
| Which type of bone cells are metabolically inactive, have lacunae and maintain the bones ECM? |
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Term
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Definition
| What bone cell is responsible for bone resorption, secretion of hydrogen ions and enzymes and break down bone matrix? |
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Term
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Definition
| Mary has defective osteoclasts that do not properly degrade bone. This causes her bone mass to increase and become weak and brittle. What is her disease? |
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Term
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Definition
| what is the most common cause of dwarfism? |
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Term
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Definition
| Stacy is vitamin deficient and her bones have become weak and brittle due to inadequate inorganic matrix. She has frequent fractures that heal slowly. What is her disease? |
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Term
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Definition
| PTH stimulates osteoclasts. Which hormone is secreted by the thyroid gland in response to low blood calcium ion levels? |
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Term
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Definition
What is the correct order of steps for the process of fracture healing?
1. Hematoma (blood clot) fills in gap between bone fragments
2. Osteoblasts build bone callus (hard callus), forms bridge between fragments.
3. Bone callus is remodeled and primary bone is replaced with secondary bone.
4. Fibroblasts and chondroblasts (from periosteum) infiltrate hematoma and form soft callus. |
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Term
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Definition
| What type of bone growth occurs after age 18? |
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Term
| Vitamin C, K, D and calcium |
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Definition
| What are the most important vitamins for bone growth? |
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