Coronal suture: acts as a joining point of the frontal bone and the parietal bones

Sagittal suture: acts as a joining point between the parietal bones

Lambdoid:joining point between the occipital bone and the parietal bones

squamous: joining point between the temporal bone and the parietal bone

Foramen magnum: allows the spinal cord to exit the skull; located in occipital bone

Optic foramen: allows passage of the nerve responsible for vision 

Internal acoustic meatus: allows the passage of the nerve responsible for hearing and balance 

jugular foramen: allows the passage of the internal jugular veins; located in the temporal-occipital region

carotid canal: allows the passage of the internal carotid arteries; located in the temporal bone

parietal: Forms the superior and lateral aspects of the cranial cavity; paired

styloid process: anchors various muscles and ligaments

mastoid process: prominent lump behind the ear which can be palpated; anchors various muscles

frontal: Forms the superior margin of the orbit, unpaired

occipital: Forms the base of the skull; unpaired

occipital condyles: articulate with the Lateral Masses of the Atlas (C1)

sphenoid: Helps form the posterior margin of the orbit, and the floor of the cranial cavity; Unpaired

sella turcica: contains a deep pit called the hypophyseal fossa, which houses the hypophosis (pituitary gland)

ethmoid: Helps form the medial walls of the orbit; the roof/walls of the nasal cavity, and the superior part of the nasal septum; Unpaired

Cribiform plate: forms the roof of the nasal cavity allowing various olfactory nerves to pass through

crista galli: •small crest that anchors protective layer of the brain

maxilla: Forms the inferomedial part of the orbit; houses the roots of the upper teeth; forms the anterior 2/3 of the palate; paired.

zygomatic: •Cheek bones; Paired

temporal process: •articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone; helps form the zygomatic arch

lacrimal: Help form the medial wall of the orbit; smallest bones of the skull; paired

nasal: Small rectangular bones which form the bridge of the nose and support the cartilages that shape its lower portion; paired

inferior nasal concha: Largest of the nasal conchae; paired

palatine: Forms the posterior 1/3 of the palate; helps form the nasal cavity; forms a small section of the posterior floor of orbit; paired

mandible: Supports the lower teeth and provides attachment points for muscles of mastication (chewing); unpaired

vomer: Forms the inferior part of the nasal septum; unpaired

hyoid: “free floating” bone in the neck which is anchored to the larynx and also serves as an attachment structure various muscles to elevate/depress the hyoid

cervical vertebrae: (C1-C7) are typically small; act to support the head and allow its movement; contain transverse foramen

Thoracic vertebrae: •12 vertebrae which articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs. giraffe head

sacrum: •articulates with the os coxa (pelvis); composed of 5 fused bones (S1-5)

coccyx: inferior to the sacrum; the “tailbone”; composed of 4 fused bones (Co1-4)

vertebral foramen: large foramen formed by the vertebral arch and the posterior portion of the vertebral body

intervertebral foramen: foramen formed by the superior and inferior portions of the pedicles

transverse foramen: Unique to cervical vertebrae; allow passage of blood vessels

spinous process: extends posterior and downward; can be palpated

pedicle: •pillar-like structure originating on the body

body: •mass of spongy bone and red bone marrow covered with a shell of compact bone; weight-bearing portion of the vertebra

lamina: •plate-like structure which forms the rounded arch

atlas: has Lateral Masses which articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull; rotates on the dens of the axis; lacks a body

axis: (C2) allows rotation of the head via the dens (odontoid process); dens is unique to the axis

right or left?

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head of rib: attaches to the thoracic vertebrae

body of rib: •sloping flattened portion

costal groove: sharp portion on the inferior margin

acromial end of clavicle: •articulates at the lateral end with the acromion of the scapula 

Sternal end of clavicle: articulates medially with the sternum

conoid tubercle: •towards the acromial end; faces inferiorly

right or left?

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spine (scapula): ridge that protrudes posteriorly; ends at the acromion

left or right?

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