Term
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Definition
| is made up of the skin, hair, nails,sebaceous glands, ceruminous or wax glands in the ear canal and sweat glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| the skin is waterproof, it protects us from ultraviolet radiation, and through sweating it dissipates water and help regulate body temperature. |
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Term
| the skin is composed of two layers |
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Definition
| the upper epidermis and the lower dermis or corium |
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Definition
| it is a barrier to light and heat waves, most chemicals, and microorganisms. |
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Definition
| melanocytes of this layer produce melanin. This pigment is responsible for skin color and protection from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun. |
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Definition
| dark skinned individuals have more active. |
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Definition
| is a genetic condition that results from the absence of melanin. |
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Definition
| is a genetic condition that results from the absence of melanin. |
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Term
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Definition
| is also called the corium or true skin and is composed of defense connective tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| blood and lymph vessels, nerves, muscles, glands, and hair follicles are found in the dermis. |
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Definition
| covers the entire body except the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, and parts of the external genitalia. |
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Definition
| each individual hair is made of three parts; the outer cuticle; the cortex, which is the principal portion with pigment granules; and the inner medulla with air spaces. |
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Definition
| the visible portion of hair is called the shaft. |
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Definition
| the root of a hair is in a hair follicle. |
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Term
| what happens when the arrector pill |
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Definition
| when the arrector pill smooth muscle contracts, it causes a hair to stand on end produces "goose flesh" |
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Definition
| hair grows in cycles and rest in between cycles. |
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Definition
| hair texture can be classified as straight, curly, or tightly curly, and is due to genetics factors. |
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Definition
| hair color is determined by complex genetic factors. |
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Term
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Definition
| gray hair occurs when pigments is absent in the cortex. |
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Term
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Definition
| white hair results from both the absence of pigment and air bubles in the shaft. |
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Term
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Definition
| heredity and other unknown factors cause hair to turn grey. |
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Definition
| a nail is a modification of cells made of very hard keratin. |
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Definition
| the nail grows from the nail bed. |
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Definition
| sebum, an oil, gives a cosmetic gloss to skin and moisturizes it. |
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Term
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Definition
| sebaceous secretion is controlled by the endocrine system, increasing during puberty and late pregnancy and decreasing with age. |
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Term
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Definition
| sweat glands are most numerous in the palms o our hands and in the soles o our feet. |
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Term
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Definition
| the odor of sweat is produced by the action of bacteria feeding on the sweat. |
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Term
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Definition
| sweating is an important physiologic process that helps cool the body. |
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Term
| functions of the integumentary system |
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Definition
| The skin functions in sensation, protection, thermoregulation and secretion. |
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Term
| sensation of the integumentary system |
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Definition
| receptor sites for changes in temperature (hot and cold) and pressure (pleasure and pain)are found in the skin. |
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Term
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Definition
| combination of stimulations result in the sensation of itching, burning, and tickling. |
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Definition
| the skin prevents the entrance of harmful physical and chemical agents into the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| melanin protects us from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun. |
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Definition
| the lipids content of skin prevent excessive water and electrolyte loss. |
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Definition
| the acidic ph of skin kills most bacteria and microorganisms that come in contact with our skin. |
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Definition
| hair acts as an insulator, protects our eyes, and filters out foreign particles in our nose. |
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Term
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Definition
| normal body temperature is regulated by blood vessel dilation and constriction in the dermis of the skin. |
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Term
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Definition
| sweating is an evaporation process that cools the body. |
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Definition
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Definition
| sebum has antifungal and antibacterial properties. |
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Term
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Definition
| sebum has antifungal and antibacterial properties. |
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Term
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Definition
| sweat contains waste products such as urea, uric acid , ammonia, so it is also an excretion. |
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Term
| what help manufacture vitamin d |
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Definition
| the skin help manufacture vitamin d through exposure to ultraviolet rays of the sun. |
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Term
| chapter 7 the skeleton system |
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Definition
| skeleton system chapter 7 |
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Term
| chapter 7 the skeleton system |
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Definition
| skeleton system chapter 7 |
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Term
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Definition
| the skeleton is the supporting structure of the body; it allows muscles to bring about movement and breathing. |
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Term
| solid appearance of bones |
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Definition
| the solid appearance of bones is due to mineral salts that form the inorganic matrix surrounding the living bones cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| the first person to correctly illustrate the 206 bones of the body. |
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Term
| skeletal systems functions |
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Definition
| the skeleton system have five functions 1.support surrounding tissues 2. protect vital organs and soft tissues. 3. provide levers for muscles to pull on. 4. manufacture blood cells in the red bone marrow by hematopoiesis. 5. act as a storage area for mineral salts, especially calcium and phosphorus, and fat in yellow marrow. |
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Term
| the growth and formation of bones. |
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Definition
| after 3 months, the fetal skeleton is completely formed and made primarily of hyaline cartilage, Ossification and growth then develop. |
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Term
| the growth and formation of bones |
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Definition
| longitudinal growth of bones continues until approximately 15 years of age in girls and 16 years in boys. |
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Term
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Definition
| bone maturation continues continues until 21 years of age in both sexes. |
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Term
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Definition
| bones develops from spindle-shape embryonic bone cells called osteoblasts, |
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Term
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Definition
| bones develops from spindle-shape embryonic bone cells called osteoblasts, |
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Term
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Definition
| osteoblast develop into mature bone cells called osteocytes. they form under the fibrovascular membrane covering bone, called the periosteum, and under the membrane lining of the medullary cavity, called the endosteum. |
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Term
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Definition
| the more strain or pressure on a bone , the more the bone will develop. |
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Term
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Definition
| osteoclasts are large cells that are responsible for the reabsorption of injured bone. they also reabsorb bone during remolding. |
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Term
| intramembranous ossification (two types of ossification) |
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Definition
| intramembranous ossification : a process in which dense connective membrane are replaced by deposits of inorganic calcium salts. the bones of the cranium form in this way. |
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Term
| endochondral ossification: |
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Definition
| endochondral ossification: the process whereby cartilage is the environment in which the bone cells develop. all other bones of the body develop in this way. |
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Term
| maintaining the bones, endocrine system |
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Definition
| the correct amount of calcium stored in the bones, the proper amount of calcium in the blood, and the excretion of excess calcium are controlled by the endocrine system. |
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Term
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Definition
| the parathyroid glands secret parathormone, which causes calcium to be released into the bloodstream. another hormone, calcitonin causes calcium to be stored in the bones. |
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Term
| two types of bone tissues |
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Definition
| compact or dense bones is strong and solid. cancellous or spongy bone has many open spaces filled with bone marrow. |
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Term
| the Haversian system of compact bones |
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Definition
| an English physician, Clopton Haver (1650-1702), first described the histologic features of compact bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| haversian canals in these rings of bones are cavities called lacunae; each lacuna contains an osteocyte bathed in fluid. |
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Term
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Definition
| there are two types of bone marrow red and yellow |
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Term
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Definition
| red bone marrow function is hematopoiesis the formation of blood cells. |
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Term
| red bone marrow in the cancellous tissue |
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Definition
| in an adult the ribs, vertebrae, sternum, and pelvis contain red bone marrow in the cancellous tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| yellow bone marrow is found in the shafts of long bone within their cancellous tissue. yellow bone marrow also store fat cells. |
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Term
| the classification of bones |
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Definition
| the bones of the body can be classified based on shape into five categories. |
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Term
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Definition
| long bones consist of a shaft or diaphysis, a flared portion at the end of the diaphysis called a metaphysis, and two extremities called epiphyses. examples are the clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, femur and fibula as well as the phalanges, metacarpals and metatarsals. |
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Term
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Definition
| short bones have somewhat irregular shape. example are the tarsal bones of the foot and carpal bones of the hand. |
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Term
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Definition
| flat bones are flat and serve to protect or provide extensive muscle attachment. examples are some bones of the cranium, the ribs, scapula, and part of the hipbone. |
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Term
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Definition
| irregular bones have a very peculiar or irregular shape. examples are the vertebrae and the ossicles of the ear. |
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Term
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Definition
| sesamoid bones are small rounded bones enclosed in tendon and fascial tissues near joints. one example is the largest sesamoid bones, the patella. |
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Term
| bone markings(projections) |
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Definition
| bones exhibit certain projections called processes, example of processes are the spine, condyle, tubercle, trochlea, trochanter, crest. line, head, and neck. |
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Term
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Definition
| bones also exhibit certain depressions called fossae. examples of fossae are suture, foramen, meatus or canal sinus or antrum and sulcus. |
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Term
| functional bones markings |
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Definition
| these markings are functional to help join bones to one another, to provide a surface for muscles attachment, or to serve as a passageway for blood vessels and nerves into and out of the bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| the human skeleton has 206 bones. the skeleton can be divided into the axial skeleton (skull, hyoid, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum) and the appendicular skeleton(bones of the upper and lower extremities). |
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Term
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Definition
| the orbits are the two deep cavities that enclose and protect the eyes. a number of bones of the skull contribute to their formation. |
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Term
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Definition
| the framework of the nose surrounds the two nasal cavities made by a number of bones of the skull. |
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Term
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Definition
| foramina are passageways for the vessels and nerves. The largest foramen of the skull is the foramen magnum for passage of the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| The hyoid bone does not articulate with any other bones. It is suspended by ligaments from the styloid process of the temporal bones. 2. the function is to support the tongue. |
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Term
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Definition
| the sternum, ribs, and vertebrae make up the torso or trunk. |
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Term
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Definition
| there are seven cervical vertebrae: the first is called the atlas and the second the axis. |
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Term
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Definition
| there are 12 thoracic vertebrae that articulate with the ribs. |
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Term
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Definition
| there are five lumbar vertebrae, the strongest. |
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Term
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Definition
| the single sacrum is made of 5 fused sacral vertebrae. |
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Term
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Definition
| the single coccyx or tailbone is made up of four fused coccygeal vertebrae. |
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Term
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Definition
| the sternum or breastbone develop in three parts; it look like a sword: the manubrium or handle. the gladiolus or body that look like a blade, and the xiphoid process that resembles the tip of the sword. |
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Term
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Definition
| there are twelve part of ribs: the upper seven pair articulate directly with the sternum through their costal cartilages and are called true ribs; the lower five pair are called false ribs; because the 11th and 12th pairs have no costal cartilage to articulate indirectly with the sternum like the 8th, 9th and 10th pair, they are called floating ribs. |
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Term
| the appendicular skeleton bones of the upper extremities bones of the shoulder girdle |
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Definition
| the bones of the shoulder girdle are the clavicle or shoulder blade collar bone and the scapula. |
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Term
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Definition
| the humerus is the bone of the upper arm. |
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Term
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Definition
| the forearm bones are the ulna, the longer of the two bones, with its proximal olecranon process or funny bone of the elbow, and the radius, shorter bone that articulates with some of the wrist or carpal bones. |
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Term
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Definition
| the carpal bones of the wrist are the pisiform, triquetral, lunate, and scaphoid (in the proximal row); the hamate, capitate, trapezoid or lesser multiangular; and the trapezium (type) or greater multiangular (in the distal row). |
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Term
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Definition
| the bones of the palm of the hand are the five metacarpals. |
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Term
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Definition
| the bones of fingers are the 14 phalanges in each hand. |
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Term
| the lower extremities bones: the hips or pelvic |
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Definition
| each hip or pelvic bone consist of three fused bones : the ilium and pubis . they form the pelvis girdle. the female ilium is wider than the male's, and we all sit on our ischial tuberosity. |
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Term
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Definition
| the femur or thighbone is the largest bone in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| the patella or kneecap is the largest of the sesamoid bones; it is wrapped in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| the tibia or the shinbone is the largest bone of the lower leg. |
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Term
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Definition
| the fibula of the lower leg is the most slender bone in the body. it is also known as the calf bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| the tarsal bones of the foot are the calcaneus or heel, the talus or ankle, the navicular, and the three cuneiforms. |
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Term
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Definition
| the metatarsals make up the rest of the foot bones along with the 14 phalanges of the toes. |
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Term
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Definition
| the foot have three arches : the medial longitudinal arch is the highest, the lateral longitudinal arch and the transverse. |
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Term
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Definition
| pes planue or flatfoot results from decreased height in the longitudinal arches. |
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