Term
True/False
Both the right lung and the left lung are subdivided into three lobes each.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The hollow nasal cavity is separated by a midline partition, the conchae, dividing it into a right cavity and a left cavity.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a broad term used to describe conditions of progressive obstruction of expiratory airflow. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Pulmonary ventilation is a technical term for what most people call breathing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
About 10% of the carbon dioxide carried in the blood is simply dissolved in the plasma. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The external openings into the nasal cavities are called nares. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
An apparatus called a spirometer is used to measure the volume of air exchanged in breathing. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
When the palatine bones fail to unite completely, the resulting condition is called cleft palate.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The pharynx serves as a passageway for both food and air. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A malignancy of pulmonary tissue to which cigarette smokers are predisposed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the respiratory system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gas exchange, the lungs’ main and vital function, takes place in the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbon dioxide is carried in three forms in the blood. What percent of CO2 is carried in plasma as a bicarbonate ion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The approximate length of the trachea, or windpipe, is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following helps determine the amount of oxygen that diffuses into the blood each minute?
1 Pressure Gradient
2 Surface Area
3 Respiratory Minute Volume
4 Alveolar function |
|
Definition
All of the above help determine the amount of oxygen that diffuses into the blood each minute.
|
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a subdivision of the thoracic cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For purposes of study, the respiratory system can be divided into two structural divisions:
|
|
Definition
| Upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract |
|
|
Term
Which of the following are functions of the respiratory system?
1 Pulmonary ventilation
2 Pulmonary gas exchange
3 Systemic gas exchage |
|
Definition
All are functions of the respiratory system
|
|
|
Term
| The length of the pharynx is about: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the pressure in the lung is greater than atmospheric pressure: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The tendency of the thorax and lungs to return to the pre-inspiration volume is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of these structures is not part of the lower respiratory tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Term that refers to the amount of air that cannot be forcibly exhaled: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Condition which includes excessive tracheobronchial secretions that obstruct airflow and enlargement of the bronchial mucus glands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gas exchange occurs across the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Epistaxis is another name for a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One hundred milliliters of arterial blood contains approximately what volume percent of oxygen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a paranasal sinus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Common condition characterized by acute inflammation of the lungs in
which the alveoli and bronchi become plugged with fibrin and neutrophil-containing exudates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Segmentation is described as a wavelike muscle contraction in a hollow organ that moves food through the digestive system. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Hemorrhoids are enlargements of the smaller arteries in the anal canal.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The substances insulin and glucagon are both produced by the pancreas but have opposite effects on carbohydrate metabolism.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Diarrhea occurs when the contents of the lower colon and rectum move at a rate that is slower than normal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Mumps is an acute viral disease characterized by swelling of the parotid salivary glands. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Cholesterol is a component of bile.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The alimentary canal has two openings to the exterior of the body. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Gingivitis is the general term for inflammation or infection of the gums. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The pyloric sphincter is located in the fundus portion of the stomach. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The movement of nutrients through the GI mucosa into the internal environment is termed: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An incision into the wall of the GI tract would cut, in order, from outside to inside: |
|
Definition
serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa.
|
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a division of the stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The purpose of peristalsis is to: |
|
Definition
produce forward movement of food along the GI tract.
|
|
|
Term
| Which structure helps anchor the tongue to the floor of the mouth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Surgical removal of the gallbladder is referred to as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The hard palate consists of portions of: |
|
Definition
four bones: two maxillae and two palatines.
|
|
|
Term
| The proper anatomical order for the divisions of the colon is: |
|
Definition
| ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid. |
|
|
Term
| The enzyme pepsin begins the digestion of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following structures controls the opening of the stomach into the small intestine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a function of the liver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The longest portion of the small intestine is the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The right angle between the transverse colon and the ascending colon is the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The major site for absorption and digestion is the:
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a lobe of the liver?
right lobe proper
cuadrate lobe
quadrate lobe
equate lobe |
|
Definition
| equate lobe ( I made this one up, so make sure you actually know the real lobes bc I couldn't remember what she had on the test as an option) |
|
|
Term
| A permanent set of teeth normally consists of ____ teeth. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which step of deglutition is under voluntary control? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The following are functions of the pancreas: |
|
Definition
It produces digestive enzymes.
Secretes insulin
Secretes glucagon |
|
|
Term
| The flap of tissue suspended from the midpoint of the posterior border of the soft palate is the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gastric juice contains all the following substances except: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the stomach, hydrochloric acid is secreted by the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process of swallowing is known as: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The walls of the GI tract are composed of ____ layers of tissue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
using water to split larger compounds into smaller ones.
|
|
|
Term
| The substance that forms the outer covering of the neck and root of a tooth is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which phase(s) of gastric secretion is/are stimulated by the sight, taste, and smell of food?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Approximately how much saliva do the three pairs of compound tubuloalveolar glands (parotids, submandibulars, and sublinguals) secrete each day? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The right angle formed by the transverse colon and the descending colon is called the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The proximal tubule is called “proximal” because it is nearest to Bowman capsule. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Glycosuria refers to blood in the urine.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Urine consists of approximately 75% water. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Structures such as the ureter and blood vessels enter and leave the kidney through the hilum. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
When urine “backs up,” causing swelling in the renal pelvis and calyces, the condition is called hydronephrosis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Generally, the right kidney is higher and larger than the left kidney. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
About 85% of the nephrons are juxtamedullary nephrons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The kidney could best be described as pear-shaped.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
In both males and females, the urethra serves urinary and reproductive functions.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The urinary meatus is the tube leading from the bladder to the exterior.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The bladder is the principal organs of the urinary system. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
There are three openings in the floor of the urinary bladder—two from the ureters and one into the urethra. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which hormone tends to decrease the amount of urine produced?
ANH
Aldosterone
Adh
Both B and C |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The function of the urinary bladder is to:
serve as a reservoir for urine before it leaves the body. expel urine from the body, aided by the urethra.
help concentrate the urine in periods of dehydration.
both A and B.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The calyces of the kidney join together to form a large collection reservoir called the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The nitrogenous wastes in urine are usually the result of protein catabolism. They include all but:
urea.
ammonia.
creatinine.
amino acids.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements is not true of the ureter?
The ureter is approximately 28 cm long.
The ureter conducts urine inferiorly from the kidney to the bladder.
The ureter is composed of two layers of tissue—an inner mucous layer and an outer fibrous layer.
All of the above are true.
|
|
Definition
| The ureter is composed of two layers of tissue—an inner mucous layer and an outer fibrous layer. |
|
|
Term
| Of all the blood pumped per minute by the heart, approximately ____ goes through the kidneys. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A good description of the urinary system function is that it:
produces urine.
balances blood plasma.
maintains the dynamic consistency of the internal fluid environment.
does all of the above.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The percentage of water in urine is approximately: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these statements is not true of the kidney?
The kidney is usually located next to the vertebrae from T12 to L3.
The kidney is retroperitoneal.
The kidney is protected by a heavy layer of fat.
All of the above are true.
|
|
Definition
| All of the above are true. |
|
|
Term
| Which hormone tends to increase the amount of urine produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Urine is conducted from the kidney to the urinary bladder through a tube called the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Urine formation involves all the following processes except:
filtration.
catabolism.
reabsorption.
secretion.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the average bladder, what amount of urine would cause a moderately distended sensation and the desire to void? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At the beginning of the “plumbing system” of the urinary system, urine leaving the renal papilla is collected in the cuplike structures called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A normal person has about this many nephrons. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Nurse cells, Sertoli cells and sustentacular cells are different names for the same cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Testosterone is responsible for producing secondary sex characteristics. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The penis is composed of four cylindrical mases of erectile tissue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The perineum in the male extends from the symphysis pubis anteriorly and to the coccyx posteriorly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The anatomical structure of an epididymis consists of a head, neck, body, and tail.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The greatest percentage of seminal fluid volume is secreted in the seminal vesicles. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The dartos and cremaster muscles contract in response to both cold temperatures and sexual arousal. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Seminal vesicles secrete a viscous, nutrient rich fluid that makes up 45% of semen volume.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a supporting structure of the male reproductive system?
Penis
Scrotum
Pair of spermatic cords
They are all supporting structures of the male reproductive system.
|
|
Definition
| They are all supporting structures of the male reproductive system. |
|
|
Term
| The gland that secretes an acidic substance that constitutes about 30% of the seminal fluid is the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not enclosed in the spermatic cord?
Seminal ducts
Ejaculatory ducts
Blood vessels
Nerves
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Small, peas-shaped structures that secrete 5% of the semen fluid volume: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Functional sterility results when the sperm count per milliliter falls below which number? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The main factor determining male fertility is the: |
|
Definition
| number of sperm ejaculated. |
|
|
Term
| As part of the maturation process, sperm will stay in the epididymis for: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To be capable of fertilizing an ovum, sperm must undergo a process called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the male reproductive system, the essential organs of reproduction are called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which structure is not found in the scrotum?
Testes
Seminal vesicles
Lower part of the spermatic cord
Epididymis
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The temperature required for sperm production is about: |
|
Definition
| 3 degrees below normal body temperature. |
|
|
Term
| Condition of undescended testes at birth: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a secreting gland in the male reproductive system?
Seminal vesicle
Epididymis
Prostate
Bulbourethral
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Each of the following is a duct in the male reproductive system except:
vas deferens.
urethra.
epididymis.
inguinal canal.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Condition where accumulation of fluid causes swelling of the scrotum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The dense, white, fibrous capsule that encases each testis is called the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The structure that connects the epididymis with the ejaculatory duct is the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements is not true?
Each testis is 4 to 5 cm long.
Each testis weighs about 10 to 15 grams.
The right testis is usually lower than the left testis
. All of the above are true.
|
|
Definition
| The right testis is usually lower than the left testis. |
|
|
Term
| Noncancerous condition characterized by an enlargement or hypertrophy of the prostate gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following structures does not secrete a substance that makes up seminal fluid?
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands
Ductus deferens
Seminal vesicles
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Ovarian follicles contain the developing female sex cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Another name for the uterine tubes is the fallopian tubes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The mammary glands are essential organs of reproduction in women. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The female reproductive system can provide nutrition for the offspring even after birth. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
A woman is fertile throughout her menstrual cycle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a function of the ovary?
It produces estrogen.
It produces ova.
It produces follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
|
|
Definition
| It produces follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). |
|
|
Term
All of the following are classified as accessory organs of reproduction in the female except the:
vagina.
ovaries.
vulva.
uterus.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
An episiotomy is a surgical incision made in the vulva, particularly at the birth of a first baby.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
A primary function of the female reproductive system is to ensure continuity of the genetic code. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The region between the vaginal orifice and the rectum is called the perineum.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
An ovum is an oocyte that has been released from the ovary. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Salpingitis is inflammation of the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Painful condition characterized by presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterus: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During a 28-day menstrual cycle, ovulation would be most likely to occur on day ____ of the cycle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Each of the following structures is a part of the vulva except the:
mons pubis.
labia majora.
perineum.
clitoris.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
An ectopic pregnancy can occur in:
the uterus.
the pelvic cavity.
the uterine tubes.
either B or C.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is not a division of the uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)?
Isthmus
Fundus
Ampulla
Infundibulum
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The layer of the uterus from which tissue is sloughed during menstruation is the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A benign tumor of smooth and connective tissue: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Fertilization of an ovum most often occurs in the:
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process of egg formation is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which hormone plays a role in controlling breast development: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
This phase of the menstrual cycle occures between ovulation and the onset of menses:
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organ of the female reproductive system secretes the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infertility in a female involves failure to conceive after _____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The middle layer of the uterus is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The embryo is supplied with nutirents by endometrial glands until the production of the placenta.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The anterior wall of the vagina is longer than the posterior wall because the cervix protrudes into its uppermost portion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Dysmenorrhea involves painful menstruation/menstrual cramps.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Each offspring from a single set of parents is likely to be genetically unique. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Both males and females have an X chromosome. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The X chromosome and the Y chromosome are the same size. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The manner in which the genotype is expressed is called the phenotype. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
The X chromosome contains only genes for female sexual characteristics.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
Tumor supressor genes regulate cell division. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
True/False
A strand of DNA wound around a histone is called a nucleosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Crossing over is the process during which: |
|
Definition
pairs of matching chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell and exchange genes with one another.
|
|
|
Term
| Cystic fibrosis, caused by recessive genes in chromosome pair 7, results in the impairment of the: |
|
Definition
chloride ion transport across cell membranes.
|
|
|
Term
| A group of symptoms called Down syndrome results from: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The syndrome that results from the genotype “XXY” is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A chart that illustrates genetic relationships in a family over several generations is called a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An ordered arrangement of photographs of chromosomes from a single cell is called a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is (are) not (a) mutagen(s)?
Radiation
Chemicals
Viruses
All of the above are mutagens. |
|
Definition
| All of the above are mutagens. |
|
|
Term
| When one or more DNA nucleotides are missing in a gene, it can be called: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The human genome contains about: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The scientific study of inheritance is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When a sperm and an ovum unite at conception, they form a zygote with ___ chromosomes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which is not true concerning dominant genes:
Effects are masked
Effects are not masked
All are true
They are represented by a capital letter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A person who possesses a recessive gene trait but does not exhibit that trait is called a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A severe, possible fatal, hereditory disease in which an abnormal type of hemoglobin is produced when two sickle cell genes are inherited. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Genetic predisposition occurs because of the effects of: |
|
Definition
Inheritance and environmental factors
|
|
|
Term
| Disease that results from recessive genes that fail to produce phenylalanine hydroxylase: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This involves changing the genetic code of cells to replace normal proteins that are absent in genetic disorders. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A disorder of the connective tissues that results in very brittle bones. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This causes severe retardation and death by age 4 due to abnormal accumulation of lipids in the brain. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The entire collection of genetic material in each typical cell of the human body is called: |
|
Definition
|
|
