Term
Who carries the X and Y chromosomes and the relative size of the chromosomes (which is bigger) |
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Definition
-X chromosomes are female chromosomes and are larger than Y chromosome
-Y chromosomes are mail chromosomes-males carry both X and Y chromosomes |
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Term
What type of genes does the X chromosome contain? |
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Definition
| Includes genes that determine female sexual characteristics as well as non-sexual characteristics |
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Term
What causes cystic fibrosis and what does it result in the impairment of? |
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Definition
-results because of recessive genes in chromosome pair 7
-impairment of chloride ion transport across cell membrane's causes exocrine cells to secrete thick mucus and concentrated sweat; thickened mucus may obstruct respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, leading to death |
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Term
What does Down syndrome result from? |
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Definition
-from trisomy 21
-triplet of chromosome 21 rather than a pair |
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Term
The human genome contains how many genes? |
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Definition
| 20,000 to 25,000 genes in large amounts of noncoding DNA (junk) |
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Term
How many chromosomes does a zygote contain? |
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Definition
| When a sperm and then ovum unite at conception, they form a zygote with 46 chromosomes |
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Term
Understand genetic predisposition and why it occurs |
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Definition
| Disease occurring because of combined effects of inheritance and environmental factors |
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Term
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Definition
| Manner in which genotype is expressed; how an individual looks because of genotype |
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Term
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Definition
| Genes regulate cell division so it proceeds normally; when nonfunctional because of a genetic mutation, it allows cells to divide abnormally |
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Term
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Definition
| Strand form of DNA is chromatin; made up of subunits called nucleosomes , which are like small spools of DNA wound around proteins called histones |
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Term
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Definition
| During one phase of meiosis, pairs of matching chromosomes line up along the equator and exchange genes with one another |
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Term
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Definition
Occurs in males with a Y chromosome and at least 2 X chromosomes;
-characteristics include long legs and large breasts, low intelligence, small testes, sterility, and chronic pulmonary disease |
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Term
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Definition
Chart that illustrates genetic relations in a family over several generations;
-helpful in determining the possibility of producing offspring with certain genetic disorders |
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Term
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Definition
Ordered arrangement of photographs of chromosomes from a single cell;
-used in genetic counseling to identify chromosomal disorders |
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Term
Mutagens and what could they be |
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Definition
Agents that cause most genetic mutations;
-genetic mutagens include radiation chemicals and viruses |
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Term
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Definition
| Missing information in the genetic code |
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Term
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Definition
| Scientific study of inheritance; developed to explain how normal biological characteristics are inherited |
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Term
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Definition
| Genotype with two identical forms of a gene (AA) |
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Term
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Definition
| Genotype with two different forms of a gene (Aa) |
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Term
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Definition
| Person who possesses the gene for a recessive trait but does not exhibit the traits |
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Term
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Definition
| When more than one gene is involved in producing a particular trait; a "combined trait" because it results from a combination of jeans |
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Term
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Definition
| A severe possibly fatal hereditary disease in which RBCs become sickle shaped because of an abnormal type of hemoglobin ( two sickle cell genes) |
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Term
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Definition
-Phenylketonuria
-results from recessive genes that failed to produce phenylalanine hydroxylase
-phenylalanine cannot be converted into tyrosine and thus accumulates
-high concentrations destroyed brain tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves changing the genetic code of cells to replace normal proteins that are absent in genetic disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| Dominant genetic disorder of connective tissues resulting in imperfect bone formation |
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Term
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Definition
Recessive condition involving failure to make an essential lipid processing enzyme;
-carrying one TSD gene may be protective against tuberculosis |
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Term
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Definition
-Entire set of human chromosomes
-46 and nucleus of each cell (23 from mom, 23 from Dad)
-one mitochondrial chromosome (Energy chromosome powerhouse) |
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Term
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Definition
Effects are seen
-capable of masking the effects of a recessive gene for the same trait;
-representative by uppercase letter |
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Term
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Definition
- effects are masked by the effects of a dominant gene for the same trait
-represented by a lowercase letter |
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Term
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Definition
| Independent assortment of chromosomes ensures that each offspring from a single set of parents is genetically unique |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal genes is believed to cause some forms of cancer |
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Term
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Definition
Abnormal, disease causing proteins are replaced by "therapeutic" genes;
-goal is to genetically alter existing body cells to eliminate the cause of a genetic disease |
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