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| move the bones of the skeleton.is striated, voluntary, multinucleated, controlled by the somatic division of the nervous system |
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| only found in the heart, striated, involuntary, single nucleus and branched. has intercalated discs for separation |
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| found only in hollow organs, involuntary, no striations, single nucleus, spindle shaped |
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| Function of the skeletal muscles |
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| movement, maintain posture, stabilize joints, generate heat |
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| Specialized plasma membrane |
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| Specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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| bundles of myofilaments aligned to give distinct bands |
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| lighter, less dense band of thin filaments in the sarcomere of a skeletal muscle |
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| dark, thick filaments in the sarcomere of a skeletal muscle |
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| distance from Z line to Z line |
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| Narrow, plate-shaped regions of dense material that separate one sarcomere from the next |
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| Narrow region in center of each A band that contains thick filaments but no thin filaments |
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| Region in center of H zone that contains proteins that hold thick filaments together at center of sarcomere |
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| Contractile protein that is the main component of thin filament; each actin molecule has a myosin-binding site where myosin head of thick filament binds during muscle contraction |
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| Contractile protein that makes up thick filament; molecule consists of a tail and two myosin heads, which bind to myosin-binding sites on actin molecules of thin filament during muscle contraction |
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| Regulatory protein that is a component of thin filament; when skeletal muscle fiber is relaxed, tropomyosin covers myosin-binding sites on actin molecules, thereby preventing myosin from binding to actin |
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| Regulatory protein that is a component of thin filament; when calcium ions (Ca2+) bind to troponin, it changes shape; this conformational change moves tropomyosin away from myosin-binding sites on actin molecules, and muscle contraction subsequently begins as myosin binds to actin |
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| Bundle of muscle fibers wrapped in perimysium |
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Definition
ATP hydrolysis
Attachment of myosin to actin to form cross-bridges
Power stroke
Detachment of myosin from actin |
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Definition
| the synapse between a somatic motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber |
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| process by which the breakdown of glucose gives rise to lactic acid when oxygen is absent or at a low concentration |
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| The production of ATP (36 molecules) from the complete oxidation of pyruvic acid in mitochondria. Carbon dioxide, water, and heat are also produced |
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Definition
| inability of a muscle to maintain force of contraction after prolonged activity |
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| brief contraction of all muscle fibers in a motor unit in response to a single action potential in its motor neuron |
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| consists of a somatic motor neuron plus all of the skeletal muscle fibers it stimulates |
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| brief delay between application of a stimulus and the start of a contraction |
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| second stage of a muscle twitch, when cross bridges are active, from the onset to the peak of tension development |
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| tension is removed from the muscle |
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| period of lost excitability |
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Definition
small amount of tautness or tension in the muscle due to
weak, involuntary contractions of its motor units |
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| the tension (force of contraction) developed in the muscle remains almost constant while the muscle changes its length |
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Definition
| tension generated is not enough to exceed the resistance of the object to be moved, and the muscle does not change its length. |
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| appears dark red due to large amounts of myoglobin |
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