Anatomy

Science of body structures and

the relationships among them

Physiology

Science of body functions in how the body works

Cell

Basic unit of life

Tissue

Group of cells with a common function

Organ

Group of tissues that perform a common function

Organ system

Group of organs that perform a common function

Organism

Any living individual

Metabolism

Sum of all chemical processes in the body

Catabolism

Breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components

Anabolism

Building up of chemical substances from smaller, simpler components

Homeostasis

Constant internal environment

Feedback System

Cycle of events  which the status of the body is monitored

Evaluated, changed, remonitored, reevaluated

Receptor

Body structure that monitors change.  Sends input to control center

Also called an afferent pathway

Control Center

The brain

Effector

Body structure that receives output from control center and

Produces a response to change the controlled condition

Negative feedback

Reverses a change in a controlled condition. i.e- lowering the BP

Positive feedback

Strengthens or reinforces a change in a controlled condition

I.e- normal childbirth

Anatomical position

Body is erect, head level, eyes forward,upper limbs are at sides

with palms facing forward, lower limbs parallel

Superior

Towards the head or upper part of the structure

Inferior

Away from the head or lower part of the structure

Anterior(Ventral)

Nearer to or front of the body

Posterior(Dorsal)

Nearer to or the back of the body

Medial

Nearer to the Midline

Lateral

farther from the midline

Ipsilateral

Same side of the body as another structure

Contralateral

Opposite side of the body from another structure

Proximal

Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk

Distal

Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk

Superficial(external)

Towards or on the surface of the body

Deep(internal)

Away from the surface of the body

Frontal plane(coronal)

Divides body into anterior and posterior portions

Midsagittal Plane

Divides body down the midline into left and right sides

Parasagittal Plane

Divides the body into unequal right and left sides

I.e- lateral to the midline

Transverse Plane

Divides body into superior and inferior portions

Oblique Plane

Passes through the body at an oblique angle

more than a 90 degree angle

Cranial Cavity

Hollow space in the head containing the brain

Vertebral Canal

Bones of the vertebral column containing the spinal cord

Thoracic Cavity

chest cavity

Pericardial cavity

Fluid filled space that surrounds the heart

Pleural cavity

Fluid filled space that surrounds each of the lungs

Mediastinum

Central part of the thoracic region containing heart, esophagus, trachea

and thymus

Abdominopelvic cavity

Abdomen and pelvic region of the body that contains the majority of the internal organs.

Abdominal Cavity

Superior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity. Contains stomach,spleen,

Liver, gallbladder, sm intestine and most of lg intestine

Pelvic Cavity

Inferior portion of the abdominopelvic cavity. Contains urinary bladder,

Portions of lg intestines and internal reproductive organs

Anatomy Systems

Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular,

Lymphatic/Immunity, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary and Reproductive