Right handed athletes who make a fist using their left hand will perform better than athletes who don't make fist 

Hypothesis: making a fist stimulates the left hemisohere of their brain

Involve: motor control, coordination, and reflexes

Only fluid tissue in human body-

Classified as connective tissue-

Components - living cells (formed elements)

- Non living matrix (Plasma)

-Erythrocytes sink to bottom (45% of blood is hematocrit)

-Buffy coat contains luekocytes and platelets (less than 1%) 

- Plasma rises to the top (55% of blood)

Red blood cells 

4-6 million

transport oxygen and help transport CO2

Leukocytes:

Basophil, Eosinophil, Lymphocyte, 

Neutrophil, Monocyte

White blood cells

4,800-10,800 in body

Aide in defense and Immunity

250,000-400,000 in body

Aide in Blood Clotting

Physical Characteristics

of Blood

Color: O2 rich = scarelet red

O2 poor = dull red

pH = 7.35-7.45

Temp = 100.4 degrees F

5-6 liters = 6 quarts

8% of body weight

Composed 90% of water

Includes: Nutrients, Salts, Respiratory gases,

Hormones, Plasma Proteins, Waste products

Made by liver

Albumin - regulate osmotic pressure

Clotting proteins - help to stem blood loss 

Antibodies - protect from pathogens

When blood plasma becomes too acidic

*respiratory system and kidneys help to restore pH to normal 

When blood becomes too basic

*respiratory system and kidneys help to restore pH to normal 

Erythrocytes 

(RBC's)

Carry oxygen

5 million per cubic millimeter of blood

-A Romanowsky stain, meaning it consists of Eosin and Methylene blue

-Known as a Neutral dye because an acid (eosin) reacts with a base (methylene blue) to produce a salt with a dye molecule on either end.

Names after Gustav Giemsa

Known as a Neutral dye because an acid (eosin) reacts with a base (methylene blue) to produce a salt with a dye molecule on either end

Used to diagnose malaria, histoplasmosis,

and chlamydia

-Basically the same principles as the Wright stain, but can be accomplished in less time and is easier to control the degree of red/blue staining you want

Iron-containing protein

Binds to oxygen

4 binding sites

 250 hemoglobin molecules

12-18 g of hemoglobin per 100mL blood

Disorder: resulting from excessive or abnormal

increase of RBC

Increased RBC: slows blood flow and

increase viscosity

posses lobed nuclei 

include: neutrophils, eonsinphils,

basophils

Lack visible cytoplasmic granules

Nueclie are sphericle, oval, or kidney shaped

include lymphocytes and monocytes

Mosy Abundant WBC's

(most to least abundant)

Never

Let 

Monkeys 

Eat 

Bananas

Neutrophils

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

Eosinophils

Basophils

Neutrophils

(granulocyte)

stains pink and containes graules

Deep purple nucleus: 2-7 lobes

Function: as phagocytes at infection sites

3,000-7,000 nuetrophils in a cubic millimeter of blood

Eosinphils 

(granulocyte)

Red granules

stains blue-red

kills parasitic worms

100-400 eosinphils in a cubic millimeter

Basophils

(granulocyte)

large bue-purple ganules

U or S shaped nuclei stains dard blue

Release histamine on infammation sites

Contains heparin

20-50 basophils in a cubic millimeter of blood

Lymphocytes

(agranulocytes)

cytoplasm is pale blue

Dark purple-blue nuclues

Part of Immune response

B-produce lymphocytes

T- are involved in graft rejection. fights tumors and viruses

1,500-3,000 in a cubic millimeter of blood

Monocytes

(arangulocytes)

Largest of WBC's

Gray-blue cytoplasm

kidney chaped nucleus: dark blue-purple

Imprtant for fighting chronic infection

100-700 per cubic millimeter of blood

^Platelets

(thrombocytes)

Derived from ruptured multinucleate cells

Needed for clotting process

150,000-400,000 per cubic millimeter of blood

300,00 is considered normal

Blood cell formation

occurs in red bone marrow

derived from hemocytoblast stem cell

Erythrocyte Formation

Unable to divide, grow, or synethesize proteins

Wear out in 100-120 days

When worn out- RBC's are eliminatedby phagoctyes

in spleen or liver

Lost cell sare replaced by division of hemocytoblasts

Immature RBC

no nuclues or other organelles but still contain some endoplasmic reticulum

Erythrocyte Production

Controlled by a hormone = erythropoitin

Kidneys produce as a respnse to reduced oxygen levels

Formation of WBC's

and Platelets 

Controlled by hormones

Colony stimulating factors and interluekins prompt bone marrow to generate luekocytes

Thrombopoietin stimulates production of platelets