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Studies the structures of the body.
Greek:ana=up; tome=to cut |
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Studies the function of our organs.
Greek physis=nature; logia=to study |
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| Maintains a stable internal environment within a normal range. |
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| A. Responsiveness B. Reproduction C. Respiration D. Growth & Development E. Assimilation F. Excretion |
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Water- Essential for transportation and metabolic processes.
Food- Provides a source of energy, provides us with building blocks for growth and repair.
Oxygen- Required to release energy from metabolism.
Heat- form of energy, drives chemical reactions.
Pressure- a force required for breathing and circulatory -Atmospheric Pressure
-Hydrostatic Pressure |
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| Subatomic Particles-Atom-Molecule-Macromolecule-Organelle-Cell-Tissue-Organ-Organ System-Organism |
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| Proton, Neutron, Electron |
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| Smallest functional unit of an element (hydrogen atom, lithium atom) |
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| A particle of 2 or more atoms bonded together H20 (Water) C6H1206 (glucose) |
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| Large, well-organized molecule (protein, DNA, etc.) |
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| Carries out specific activities within a cell. (Mitochondria, Golgi Apparatus, Nucleus) |
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| Basic unit of life. Humans contain 50-100 trillion of these |
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| Group of similar cells that perform a function (Epithelia, connective, muscle & nerve) |
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| Complex structure of two or more tissues with a specialized function (Skin, femur, heart, kidney) |
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| Group of organs coordinated to perform a function |
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| Give 3 examples of homeostatic mechanisms |
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| Body Temp 98.6, BP 120/80 mmHg, HR 72 BPM |
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| List 3 requirements for a homeostatic mechanism |
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| Receptor, Control Center, Effector |
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| Reduces the stimulus, returns conditions toward the set-point. |
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| What is the role of Negative Feedback in a homeostatic mechanism |
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| return towards the set-point |
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| Reinforces the stimulus, drives condition further away from the set-point |
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| Example of positive feedback |
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| Giving birth. (Only short lived) |
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| Chemistry of living things |
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| has mass or takes up space (solids, liquids, gasses) |
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| Fundamental substance of matter, large group of identical (atoms, carbons, hydrogen, oxygen) |
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| Combination of 2 or more elements H20 (water) C6h1206 (glucose) |
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| 99.9% of the body is composed of bulk elements |
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| List 11 bulk elements and atomic symbols |
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| Hydrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Carbon (C) Nitrogen (N) Sulfur (S) Magnesium (Mg) Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Calcium (Ca) Chlorine (Cl) Phosphorus (P) |
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| Essential to the body, but occur in such small quantities, they make up <0.1% of body mass. |
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| List 7 trace elements and atomic symbols. |
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| Cobalt (Co) Zinc (Zn) Manganese (Mn) Iron (Fe) Iodine (I) Copper (Cu) Florine (F) |
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| List 3 Subatomic Particles and their locations within an atom |
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Definition
1. Proton carries a single positive charge-inside the nucleus
2. Neutron carries no electrical charge-inside the nucleus
3. Electron-carries a single negative charge-located on the shell. |
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| 1 atomic weight, +1 charge |
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| 1 atomic weight, no charge |
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| no atomic weight, -1 charge |
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| Number of protons in the nucleus of one atom. Each element has a unique atomic number |
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| Number of protons plus the number of neutrons in one atom. Electrons have no weight. |
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| Different number of neutrons in one atom. Atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic weight. # of neutrons may vary between atoms. |
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| Give an example of an Isotope |
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| Carbon 12 and Carbon 14 are both Isotopes of carbon, one with 6 neutrons and one with 8 neutrons (both with 6 protons). |
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| Particle of 2 or more atoms chemically joined together. |
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| Give 2 examples of molecules and their molecular formulas. |
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Definition
Oxygen 02
Hydrogen H2
not compounds molecules are the same |
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| What is the difference between a molecule and a compound? |
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| Compounds have different atoms ex H20 Co2 |
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| maximum number of electrons in 2nd & 3rd shell |
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| Electrons are most stable when they are paired |
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| When shells are full elements with a full shell are inert (do not react) |
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| Proteins have complex 3-dimensional shapes called |
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Definition
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| includes the amino acid sequence. |
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| includes alpha helices and pleated sheets. |
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| include the 3 dimensional shape of polypeptides |
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| What does it mean to denature a protein? |
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Definition
| change protein shape so its function, basically it has died |
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| What is the primary function of nucleic acids? |
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| Carry instructions in the form of genes, controls cell activity by encoding amino acid seq. of proteins. |
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| The monomers of nucleic acids are. |
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| Double stranded, genetic material, held together by hydrogen bonds. |
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| Atom that can either gain or lose an electron |
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| loses an electron so have a positive charge |
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| Oxide (02-) Sulfide (S2-) Flouride (F-) |
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| complete change of e- opposite charges cause them to attract |
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| Example of an ionic bond: |
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Definition
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| Do ionic bounds form compounds? |
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Definition
| Ionic bonds form crystals (arrays) they do not form molecules |
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| equals sharing of the e- ex. H2 (Hydrogen) |
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| unequal sharing of the e- |
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Definition
| Weak bonds between positive H and neg O |
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| A hydrogen bond is usually formed between Hydrogen and ________ |
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Definition
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| State the importance of hydrogen bonds in protein structures: |
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| Stabilizes DNA and protein. |
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| A solution with pH = 7.0 is |
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| A solution with pH > 7.0 is |
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| A solution with pH < 7.0 is |
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| What is the major functions of carbohydrates? |
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| Create energy in form of sugar |
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| What is the major functions of carbohydrates? |
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| Create energy in form of sugar |
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| Carbohydrates contain elements and they are: |
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| ________ (also called _______) are the monomers of carbohydrates, and an example is ___________ |
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| Carbohydrate, Monosacharide,glucose |
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| Complex carbohydrates are also called _________ |
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| Lipids are hydrophobic, which means: |
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| Avoid water or does not dissolve |
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| What are the three most common lipids? |
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Definition
| Fats, phospholipids, steroids |
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| What are the three most common lipids? |
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| Fats, phospholipids, steroids |
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| Lipids are composed of 3 elements: |
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Definition
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| The normal pH range of blood is between |
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| Alkalosis occurs when blood pH > |
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Definition
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| Acidosis occurs when blood pH < |
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| How do inorganic chemicals differ from organic chemicals? |
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| Organic has carbon and hydrogen. inorganic compounds do not usually non-living things. |
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| How do inorganic chemicals differ from organic chemicals? |
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| Organic has carbon and hydrogen. inorganic compounds do not usually non-living things. |
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| How do inorganic chemicals differ from organic chemicals? |
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| Organic has carbon and hydrogen. inorganic compounds do not usually non-living things. |
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| What two elements are found in almost all organic chemicals? |
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| List 4 inorganic substances: |
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| H20 water, 02 Oxygen, Sodium, Calcium |
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| How do inorganic chemicals differ from organic chemicals? |
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| Organic has carbon and hydrogen. inorganic compounds do not usually non-living things. |
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| What two elements are found in almost all organic chemicals? |
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| List 4 inorganic substances: |
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| H20 water, 02 Oxygen, Sodium, Calcium |
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Definition
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| How do inorganic chemicals differ from organic chemicals? |
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| Organic has carbon and hydrogen. inorganic compounds do not usually non-living things. |
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| What two elements are found in almost all organic chemicals? |
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| List 4 inorganic substances: |
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| H20 water, 02 Oxygen, Sodium, Calcium |
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| List 4 organic substances: |
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| Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids. |
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| Each carbon element can make ____ single bonds, or _______ double bonds. |
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Monomers:
A. Proteins
B. Carbohydrates
C. Lipids
D Nucleic Acids |
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Definition
Polymers
A. Amino Acids
B. Monosaccharide
C. Fatty Acids
D. Nucleotides (Sugar phosphate & base) |
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