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| is the science that deals with form and structure of an organism |
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| is the study of the function of the body and the functions of all its parts |
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| a directional term meaning toward the head |
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| a directional term meaning toward the tail |
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| an imaginary plane passing through the body dividing it into equal right and left halves |
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| an imaginary plane dividing the body into head and tail segments |
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| an imaginary plane dividing the body into upper and lower (dorsal/ventral) segments |
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-antonym of medial
-directional term meaning away from the median plane |
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| directional term meaning toward or beyond the backbone or vertebral column |
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| directional term meaning away from the vertebral column |
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-antonym of superficial
-cannot normally be seen with the naked eye (without some sort of aid) |
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-the knee is this to the foot
-situated nearer to the center of the body or the point of attachment |
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-the hoof is this to the knee
-situated away from the center of the body or from the point of attachment |
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| a person lying on his belly |
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| a person lying on his back |
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| in mammals, these are without a nucleus |
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| Five functions commonly associated with life |
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| growth, reproduction, contraction, metabolism, response to stimuli |
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| Three principle components of the cell |
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| cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm |
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| cellular organelle which secretes enzymes for digestion |
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| the dark granules on the rough endoplasmic reticulum |
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| cellular organelle which functions in the collection of fluid |
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| cellular organelle which produces hormones, lipids, enzymes, and mucus |
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| cell division for somatic cells |
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| term meaning half of the # of chromosomes from the original parent cell |
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| acts as a messenger getting information from a DNA molecule and transferring it from the nucleus out to the cytoplasm |
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| the dynamic constancy of the internal environment, the maintenance of which is the principal function of physiological regulatory mechanisms |
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| specified cells grouped together |
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| cells that specialize in conducting impulses |
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| various tissues associated in functional groups |
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| a group of organs that are involved in a common enterprise |
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| tissue that covers the surface of the body. Lines body cavities, covers/lines viscera, inside lining of blood vessels, heart, inside lining of respiratory passages, active parts of glands and urinary system |
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| tissue that supports/binds other tissues together |
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| Ectoderm, Endoderm, Mesoderm |
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| The three embryonic germ layers |
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| flat, plate-like cells found where a smooth surface is required (i.e. covering of viscera) |
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| epithelial cells found in some ducts of glands and in passageways in kidneys |
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| tall narrow epithelial cells which perform secretory and absorptive functions |
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| type of epithelium where cells are irregular in shape and size and thus appeared to be multilayered |
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| epithelium that lines the urinary bladder |
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| connective tissue found in external ear |
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| when boiled, it yields gelatin |
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| found in human babies and hibernating mammals – functions in liberating heat |
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| connective tissue found throughout body wherever protective cushioning and flexibility are needed (i.e. blood vessels are surrounded by this) |
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-commonly called “gristle”
-usually found covering the articulating surfaces of bones |
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| function is to carry oxygen within the RBC |
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| loss of RBC’s/erythrocytes |
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| Two types of agranulocytes |
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| Three types of granulocytes |
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| neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils |
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| small irregularly-shaped particles associated with clotting of blood |
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| supernatant yellow fluid expressed out when blood clots and retracts. Used for prevention and treatment of diseases |
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| also called involuntary visceral or unstriated muscle |
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| also called involuntary striated muscle |
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| also called striated voluntary muscle |
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| a call membrane which surrounds muscle cells |
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| make up the central nerve system (CNS) |
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| nerve process which carries impulses away from nerve cell body |
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| cavity with the diaphragm at its most caudal point |
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| the connection between neurons |
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-C7 except Chicken has 14
-Sloth has 8
-Manatee has 6 |
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| study of the bones making up the skeleton |
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| Calcium (Ca) & Phosphorus (P) |
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| the two main minerals making up bone |
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| in young animals, is filled with red bone marrow |
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| refers to either extremity of a long bone |
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| cylindrical shaft of a long bone |
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| widest part of an immature bone |
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| articular cartilage is made up of this tissue |
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| fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a bone |
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| fibrous membrane that lines the marrow cavity |
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| circumscribed hole in a bone |
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| Patella, Navicular, Fabellae |
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| examples of sesamoid bones |
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| Skull- Maxillary, avian bones, and the humerus of the chicken |
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| examples of pneumatic bones |
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| skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum make up this major skeleton part |
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| Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal |
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| five major vertebrae groups in order |
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| provide surface attachment for ribs to bodies of adjacent thoracic vertebrae |
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| dorsal prominence in the shoulder region made up of spinous processes of these vertebrae |
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| T-bone steak comes from these vertebrae |
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| vertebrae from the rump region |
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| spaces between adjacent ribs |
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-ribs function in this
-production of RBC's in red bone marrow |
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| 2nd and 4th metacarpals/tarsals |
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| also called the distal sesamoid bone |
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| Three bones uniting the acetabulum |
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| largest foramen in the body |
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| calcaneous bone projects upward and backward to form this area |
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| study of the articulations between bones |
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| joints between bones of the skull |
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| example of a gomphosis joint |
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| example of a symphysis joint |
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| articular discs or plates of fibrocartilage inserted between articular surfaces of an intervertebral disk |
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| inelastic connective tissue bands extending from bone to bone |
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| movement of an extremity toward the median plane |
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| movement of an extremity away from the median plane |
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| movement in a saggital plane that tends to decreases the angle between segments making up a joint |
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| dwarf occurs if cartilage changes to cone completely and too quickly in life |
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| junction of the diaphysis and epiphysis |
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| Calcium Phosphate (CaPo4) |
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| makes up about 80% of the mineral matter in bone |
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| Compact bone of animals larger than a rabbit, when observed under a microscope reveal lamellated tubular structures which form this |
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| fracture in which one side of the bone is broken or splintered and the other side only bent |
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| fracture in which a number of small fragments are formed due to the bone being splintered or crushed |
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| fracture in which a wound from the exterior contacts the bone at the point of the fracture |
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| fracture in which the skin over the fracture site is unbroken |
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| fracture in which the bone is broken entirely across |
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| fracture that occurs at the junction of an epiphysis and the diaphysis of a bone |
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