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Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 1
Body regions, cavities. Cell anatomy
75
Nursing
Professional
12/30/2011

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Term
ipsilateral
Definition
"on the same side as"
Term
contralateral
Definition
"on the opposite side from"
Term
axial and appendicular
Definition
The two fundamental regions of the body
Term
-cephalic
-cervical
-thoracic
-upper extremity
-lower extremity
Definition
the major subdivisions of the body
Term
crural
Definition
region of the shin
Term
peroneal
Definition
outer part of leg
Term
sural
Definition
back of calf
Term
popliteal
Definition
behind the knee
Term
scapular
Definition
area of the shoulder blade
Term
calcaneal
Definition
area of the heel
Term
midsaggital
Definition
plane separating left from right equally
Term
frontal
Definition
plane separating front from back
Term
plane separating upper from lower region
Definition
transverse
Term
right hypochondriac
Definition
region containing the liver
Term
right lumbar
Definition
region containing the ascending colon of large intestine
Term
right iliac
Definition
region containing appendix
Term
epigastric
Definition
region containing appendix and stomach
Term
umbilical
Definition
region containing transverse colon and small intestine
Term
hypogastric
Definition
region containing rectum and urinary bladder
Term
left hypochondriac
Definition
region containing spleen
Term
left lumbar
Definition
region containing descending colon
Term
left iliac
Definition
region containing descending colon and small intestine
Term
umbilical and left iliac regions
Definition
The small intestine is found in which two regions?
Term
cranial cavity
Definition
Body cavity that contains the brain
Term
vertebral canal
Definition
Body cavity that contains the spine
Term
ventral cavity
Definition
Body cavity that contains the soft internal organs
Term
ventral cavity
Definition
Body cavity that contains the soft internal organs
Term
thoracic cavity
Definition
upper portion of ventral body cavity
Term
abdominopelvic cavity
Definition
lower portion of ventral body cavity
Term
scrotal cavity
Definition
body cavity only present in males
Term
scrotal cavity
Definition
body cavity only present in males
Term
[image]
Definition
[image]
Term
Differentiated
Definition
___ cells typically cannot undergo cell division.
Term
stem cells
Definition
Necessary for cell division within a tissue
Term
simple epithelia
Definition
a sheet of cells one layer thick
Term
stratified epithelia
Definition
a sheet of cells several layers thick
Term
squamous cells
Definition
epithelial cells that are flattened and resemble paving stones.
Term
cuboidal cells
Definition
epithelial cells that are approximately as wide as they are tall
Term
columnar cells
Definition
epithelial cells that are cylindrical with heights greater than their widths
Term
- connective tissue proper
- cartilage
- bone
- blood
- adipose tissue
Definition
Major categories of connective tissue
Term
tendons
Definition
connects muscles to the skeleton
Term
ligaments
Definition
holds joints together (bone to bone)
Term
chondrocytes
Definition
cartilage is secreted by these cells
Term
cancellous bone
Definition
core material of bone
Term
compact bone
Definition
hard material of outer bone
Term
osteons
Definition
units that comprise compact bone
Term
Haversian canal
Definition
contains blood vessels and nerves in a bone
Term
lamellae
Definition
concentric rings of mineralized intercellular substance
Term
medial
Definition
The heart is ______ to the arms.
Term
distal
Definition
The wrist is ______ to the elbow.
Term
intermediate
Definition
The elbow is _______ between the shoulder and the wrist.
Term
deep
Definition
The lungs are ____ to the ribs.
Term
pure phospholipid
Definition
What single molecular constituent is necessary for formation of a bilayer membrane?
Term
- nucleus - endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi apparatus - mitochondria
Definition
In addition to the plasma membrane, which cellular organelles are composed of or bounded by bilayer lipid membranes?
Term
- muscle
- nervous
- epithelial
- connective
Definition
List the four types of tissues found in the body
Term
Nervous & epithelial -- ectoderm & endoderm

muscle & connective -- mesoderm
Definition
Which tissues come from which embryonic layers?
Term
Organ
Definition
multi-function structure composed of more than one tissue
Term
- Neurons
- Glia
Definition
Nervous tissue consists primarily of which two cell types?
Term
epithelial
Definition
special sensory tissues, such as photoreceptors and taste buds, are made from what kind of tissue?
Term
[image]
Definition
[image]
Term
[image]
Definition
[image]
Term
  1. Nervous
  2. Musculoskeletal
  3. Cardiovascular
  4. Respiratory
  5. Digestive
  6. Excretory
  7. Lymphatic
  8. Reproductive
  9. Endocrine
  10. Immune
  11. Integumentary
Definition
List the major organ systems
Term
Abdominal quadrants
Definition
An approach to the geography of the abdominopelvic region most commonly used in a clinical setting, dividing the abdomen into four quarters.
Term
adhesion molecules
Definition
Allows the cells of a tissue to recognized one another and stick together
Term
adipocytes
Definition
fat cells derived from fibroblasts
Term
ADP
Definition
an energy-depleted form of ATP
Term
ATP
Definition
The general chemical energy source for energy-requiring cellular processes
Term
blood plasma
Definition
A fluid component containing salts; some organic solutes; dissolved gases and proteins
Term
bone marrow
Definition
the site of synthesis of blood cells in adults
Term
canaliculus
Definition
small channels that allow nutrients and oxygen to reach osteocytes and cellular wastes to be removed
Term
cartilage
Definition
Composed of collagen and chondroitin
Term
chondrocytes
Definition
cells that secrete cartilage
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
intracellular fluid
Term
differentiation
Definition
Cells become specialized through the process know as ______.
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