Term
|
Definition
| all the bones and their articulations |
|
|
Term
| functions of the skeletal system |
|
Definition
support
protection
lever system for leverage
hematopoeisis
mineral storage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rigid bar
fulcrum
resistance
effort |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
production of blood cells and platelets
red bone marrow-RBC produced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
calcium and phosphorous (rigidity and hardness)
negative effect: radioactive substances can accumulate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
connective bone tissue
1/3 organic materials
2/3 inorganic mineral salts (primary: calcium phosphate)
hard, not brittle, very durable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
osteoblasts
osteoclasts
osteocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hardens the bone
"bone building" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"bone breaking down"
remove mineral salts from bone and deposit into blood as ions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most common bone cell
functions: repair damaged bone, control activity of blasts and clasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bone hardening process by which bone tissue is formed
embryo starts as cartilage and fibrous membrane (bone starts at 6 weeks) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells continuously being replaced |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
excellerated rate of remodeling
can cause blindness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| up to 1/2 gram of _____ can leave or enter bone each day |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
appears dense, has microscopic passageways
haversian canal, canaliculi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
porous looking
branching bony plates
red bone marrow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"tiny beans"
branching bony plates in spongy bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
length considerably greater than width
slightly curved
in arms, legs, fingers and toes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cube shaped
mostly spongy with a thin layer of compact bone
in wrists and ankles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thin, curved
two layers of compound bone with spongy bone in the middle
for protection, ribs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
complex and varying shapes
mostly spongy with a layer of compact
vertebral bones, some skull bones, hip bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diaphysis
medullary cavity
epiphyses
articular cartilage
periosteum
endosteum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shaft, slightly curved to distribute stress, mainly compact |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| yellow bone marrow, can store fat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proximal and distal ends, mainly spongy with layer of compact on surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surface of epiphyses when connected with another bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dense white membrane on surface
osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
membrane around medulla cavity
osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
|
|
Term
| intramembranous ossification |
|
Definition
bones start as fibrous membranes, become clusters of osteoblasts
skull, lower jaw, collar bones, fontanels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
soft spots
allow rapid growth of brain during infancy
allow skull to change shape |
|
|
Term
| endochondral ossification |
|
Definition
starts as cartilage, ossification begins in central region (primary ossification area)
once they meet at the epiphyseal line, they can not lengthen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where hardened bone meets during endochondral ossification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vitamins A, C, D
mineral salts (Ca and P)
exercise
HGH
calcitonin
PTH
sex hormones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
human growth hormone
secreted by pituitary gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
produced by thyroid
stimulates osteoblasts to put calcium into blood from bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
too much HGH
usually die early, organs must work harder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rickets
osteomalacia
osteoporosis
fractures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lack of Ca in children, possibly due to lack of Vit. D
bones grow crooked |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Vit. D deficiency or lack of Ca in adults
osteoclasts break down excessive amounts of bone
back shortens and deforms
bones become soft
mostly in women with Ca-poor diet and multiple pregnancies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
porous bones
bones become thinner, lighter, more porous
post-menopause in women
related to declining levels of estrogen, insufficient exercise and minerals in younger years, chronic alcoholism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sudden breaks
compound
comminuted
green stick |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone penetrates tissues and maybe skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone in several fragments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not broken all the way across |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lining up broken bone properly before healing
"setting" the bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| broken part is thicker than the rest of the bone after healing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
knuckle-like projection, round
one bone joins another
ex: medial condyle on femur |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ridge-like projection on surface
ex: iliac crest on coxal bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
large, prominent projection where muscles attach
ex: mastoid process on temporal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
hole passing through a bone
ex: mandible - mental foramen (mentum=chin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tunnel-like hole leading to interior of bone
ex: auditory meatus on temporal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pit in surface of bone
head of another bone could fit
ex: mandibular fossa on temporal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
80 bones, about the main axis
skull
vertebral column
thoracic cage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
126 bones, of free appendages
pectoral girdle
pelvic girdle
arms
legs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extra cranial bones that form in sutures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small, smooth, extra bones that develop in tendons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cranial bones (sutures)
facial bones
hyoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
8 bones
frontal
occipital
parietal (2)
temporal (2)
sphenoid
ethmoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
anterior portion of cranium
forehead, upper orbits (eyes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
posterior cranium and base
contains foramen magnum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large hole for spinal cord, located in occipital bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| projection in back of head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
roof of cranium and upper sides
contains sagittal suture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where the two parietal bones fuse at the top of the head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inferior to parietal bone, form lower sides of cranium
contains auditory meatus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
complex shape
floor of cranial cavity
central wedge
"keystone of cranium" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
complex shape
smallest cranial bone
front, inferior to frontal bone, between orbits (eyes)
nose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lower jaw bone
largest and strongest facial bone
only freely movable bone in skull |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| holes for nerves and blood vessels to the teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| holes for nerves and blood vessels to pass to the chin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pair fused at the front
form upper jaw
"keystone of the face" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small, thin, fused to form bridge of nose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
horseshoe shaped
does not directly attach to another bone
ligaments attach to temporal bone
upper neck
supports the tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
26 irregular shaped bones that form a curved structure
supports the trunk
has a canal
about 28 inches long, interconnected by cartilage cushions
cervical
thoracic
lumbar
sacrum
coccyx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
7 tops bones, C1-C7
smallest and lightest of vertebrae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
12 middle bones, T1-T12
larger and heavier than cervical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
large, triangular shaped
5 bones fused together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small, at the base of sacrum
"tailbone"
4 bones fused together
vestigal structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
rib cage
supports shoulders and arms
sternum
ribs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
breastbone
anterior midline of chest
6 inches, flat, dagger shaped
xiphoid process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where diaphragm attaches to sternum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
24 (12 on each side)
attach to thoracic vertebrae in the back
don't all attach in the front
costal groove |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
7 pairs
attach to sternum in the front |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5 pairs
do not attach to sternum in the front
floating ribs (bottom 2 pairs) do not attach to another rib |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inner surface of each rib containing a nerve and an artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
shoulder, 2 bones
clavicle
scapula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
collar bone
long, slender, starts at sternum
brace for shoulder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
shoulder blade, dorsal of shoulder
articulates with upper arm and clavicle, not vertebral column |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
30 bones
humerus
ulna
radius
wrist
palm
fingers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| upper arm, largest arm bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lower arm on the side towards little finger
longer of two lower arm bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lower arm on thumb side, articulates with wrist, where colles fracture occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
8 carpals
small, irregular, marble sized
in 2 rows of 4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5 metacarpals
metacarpal 1 at base of thumb, 5 at base of pinky |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
14 phalanges
3 in each finger, 2 in thumb
miniature long bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
30 bones
femur
tibia
fibula
ankle
foot
toes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
largest, longest, strongest bone in the body
upper leg
common area for fractures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lower leg
shin bone
larger than other lower leg bone
bears all the weight of the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lower leg
narrow, stick-like
helps stabilize the ankle
nonessential |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reshape and replace a shattered bone with this bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
5 metatarsals
1 at base of big toe
5 at base of little toe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
14 foot phalanges
miniature long bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
patella
smooth bone
protects joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
provides flexibility
supports weight
absorbs shock
longitudinal
transverse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flat feet
arches become weak from running on hard surfaces without support or standing on feet all day |
|
|
Term
| differences in male and female skeleton |
|
Definition
size
width of pelvis
pubissymphysis
coccyx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
larger skeleton with larger protuberances
pelvis not as wide, deeper
pubissymphysis less flexible with narrower angle
less movable/flexible coccyx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
smaller skeleton with smaller protuberances
pelvis wider and shallower
pubissymphysis more flexible and have wide angle
less movable/flexible coccyx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
places where bones connect to secure and hold bones together
to allow mobility and movement
fibrous
cartilagenous
synovial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
held tightly together by fibrous material, no cavity, almost no movement
sutures |
|
|
Term
| cartilagenous articulations |
|
Definition
held together by cartilage cushion, some movement
pubis symphysis
vertebral column |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
separated by joint cavity filled with fluid
allows free and easy movement
most common type |
|
|
Term
| parts of synovial articulation |
|
Definition
articular cartilage
joint cavity
synovial fluid
articular capsule
reinforcing ligaments
bursae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a layer on each bone cushions in case they are pushed together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| open space between bones filled with synovial fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lubricates, minimizes friction
becomes more watery with more movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
surrounds joint
makes sure fluid stays
double layer membrane, tough, holds bones together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tough, silvery tissues help hold bones together
collagenous connective tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
membrane sacs
act like cushions
filled with synovial fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when bursae become inflamed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where leg attaches to the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
simplest type of movement
slides of glides across surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
angles increase or decrease
flexion
extension
abduction
adduction
circumduction
rotation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
angle decreases
dorsi
plantar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lowering foot, toe pointed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of limb away from midline of body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of limb toward midline of body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| distal end moves in a circle while proximal end is still |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone rotates on its own axis |
|
|
Term
| synovial articulations specialized for movement |
|
Definition
gliding
hinge
pivot
ellipsoidal
saddle
ball-and-socket |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
specialized for gliding movement
non-axial
carpals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
free and easy movement in only one plane
mono-axial
knees |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
allows rotation
little or no angular movement
mono-axial
cervical vertebrae (atlas-axis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
condyloid
side to side, up and down
bi-axial
atlas and occipital bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
freer and easier ellipsoidal
bi-axial
base of thumb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ball-like head in cup-like depression
free and easy in all directions
multi-axial
arm and shoulder, femur and coxal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ball and socket joint
enclosed within loose fitting capsule
glenoid cavity on scapula
rotator cuff
common site for dislocations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| capsule and reinforcing ligaments and tendons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contains two articulations
hinge joint between distal end of humerus and radial ulna
gliding joint between distal end of humerus and radial bone (allows rotations) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
largest and most complex articulation
bears weight of the body
a number of ligaments are involved:
anterior cruciate
posterior cruciate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ligament in the knee
front of tibia
more easily torn (common) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ligament in the knee
back of tibia |
|
|
Term
| injuries/disorders of articulations |
|
Definition
sprains
dislocations
arthritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stretched or torn ligaments
slow to heal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
luxation
bones forced out of normal position in joint cavity
fingers, thumb, shoulders common |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
degenerative or inflammatory disease
pain, swelling, stiffness
osteo-
rheumatoid - |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most common
after age 40
results from aging and continual wear and tear
athletes get it earlier than others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
require blood vessels for supply of nutrients
40%-50% of body weight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| characteristics of muscle tissue |
|
Definition
irritability
contractibility
extensibility
elasticity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| able to receive and respond to a stimulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contracts when stimulus is received |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| as one muscle shortens, one extends |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can return to original length after shortening or extending |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
movement
posture
heat production |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
locomotion
localized
internal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of the whole body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one part of the body moves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| digestive tract and blood vessels are this type |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
smooth/visceral
skeletal
cardiac |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
muscles attached to bones
movement occurs when muscles contract
striated, voluntary
cells are long, narrow, cylindrical (muscle fibers) multinucleated
fast response, short refractory period
tetanus possible |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sending multiple stimuli rapidly to hold a contraction
isotonic
isometric |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
walls of hollow internal organs
non-striated
involuntary (controlled by autonomic nervous system)
spindle shaped cells with single nucleus
intermediate response time and refractory period
tetanic contraction possible, not often |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
only in walls of the heart
striated, involuntary
involuntary (only nerves send signals to control speed of contractions, but they are not required for contraction)
cells rectangular with single nucleus
slow response, long refractory period
don't want tetanic contractions (you'll be dead) |
|
|
Term
| connective tissues in muscular system |
|
Definition
fascia
epimysium
perimysium
endomysium
tendon
aponeurosis
tendon sheath |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sheets lining muscles
may attach
holds muscle in place, separate from other muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thin sheet of fibrous connective tissue wrapped around muscle
almost transparent
holds muscle together and in its shape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| separates muscle into bundles called fasciculi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| surrounds each individual cell of the muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where the connective tissue extends past the muscle and forms a cord that will attach the muscle to a bone (always on one end only) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialized tendon shaped like a fan instead of a cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tube of connective tissue around the tendon
holds tendon in place, protects it
membrane secretes serous fluid to lubricate
wrist, ankle, elbow, shoulder
site for tendonitis |
|
|
Term
skeletal muscle cell
muscle fiber
myocyte |
|
Definition
stretches entire length of muscle
sarcolemma
sarcoplasm
sarcoplasmic reticulum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane of a muscle cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fluid in muscle cell
contains lots of mitochondria
numerous nuclei |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
network of membranous canals
transport materials, surface for reactions
Ca++ stored |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pores starting at surface at regular intervals across the length of the muscle
sends stimulus to sarcoplasmic reticulum to trigger release of Ca++ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
push everything to the edges
contractile elements of a muscle cell
long and threadlike, hollow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| compartments in a muscle cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
walls that divide sarcomeres
cause of striations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
in each sarcomere
thick (myosin)
thin (actin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attach myosin to actin at the overlap |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
H and I bands shorten and disappear
A bands never change length |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
parts of actin not overlapped by myosin
light striations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
myosin filaments
dark striations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
parts of myosin not overlapped by actin
dark striations |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein on actin that block sites where myosin heads are so the muscle can't contract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| calcium can attach, push troponin aside, heads can attach so the muscle can contract |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| muscles controlled by nervous system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long, connects neuron to terminals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contain vessicles (contain neurotransmitters)
attach to muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
one motorneuron, a number of muscle fibers, neruronoscular junctions (motor end plates)
all-or-nothing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
as many motor units needed to contract a muscle
enables control of muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. CNS generates nerve impulse
2. impulse travels to junction
3. acetylcholine (ACh) jumps to receptors across synaptic cleft
4. ions released (sodium)
5. electrical response of sarcolemma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
twitch
treppe
summation
tetanic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one stimulus, quick contraction, quick release |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
warm muscles contract stronger than cold muscles
more efficient |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stronger contractions because contraction is added to the next
never fully relaxes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| records muscle contractions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
time after stimulus, before contraction
very short |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tetanic
results in movement
tensions remains the same, length changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tetanic
posture
tension increases, length stays the same |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ATP ---> ADP + P + energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cytoplasm, sarcoplasm, myosin
5-6 seconds of full activity |
|
|
Term
| creatine phosphate system |
|
Definition
secondary energy source
can rapidly renew ATP without oxygen
_ _ + ADP ---> ATP + _____
15-20 seconds |
|
|
Term
| glycogen/lactic acid system |
|
Definition
tertiary energy source
each cell - glycolysis, form 2 ATP
no Kreb's cycle
pyruvates turn into lactic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
quarternary energy source
long term use for energy |
|
|
Term
| types of skeletal muscle fibers |
|
Definition
slow-twitch red fibers
fast-twitch red fibers
fast-twitch white fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
myoglobin
resistant to fatigue
postural muscles (neck)
long distance running |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
red pigment
can store oxygen from the blood |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
myoglobin
can contract faster
fairly resistant to fatigue
long distance running |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
no myoglobin
fatigue rapidly
faster, more powerful contractions
sprinting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
fatigue
fibrosis
muscular dystrophy
abnormal contractions
muscular atrophy
hypertrophy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
muscles will stop responding
run out of ACh
primarily due to a build up of waste products (CO2 and lactic acid) |
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Term
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Definition
formation of fibrous tissue replacing muscle cells
muscles can't contract
_____itis - becomes inflamed |
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Term
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Definition
degeneration of individual muscle cells
dies faster than regenerates
not smooth muscle, just skeletal |
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Term
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Definition
spasms
skeletal muscles
cramps, results in pain
convulsions
occurs when nerve fibers are affected by certain stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| violent contractions of muscle groups |
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Term
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Definition
wasting away of skeletal muscles if the muscle is not being used
example: nerve supply cut
complete can not be reversed |
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Term
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Definition
muscle enlarges due to forceful exercise
enlargement of muscle fibers in diamter |
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Term
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Definition
can not undergo mitotic division
after 1 year, all muscle growth is due to hypertrophy
satellite cells (more abundant in childhood)
limited ability to regenerate itself (skeletal muscle)
cardiac muscle cells can't divide, regeneration not possible
smooth muscle can divide and regenerate |
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Term
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Definition
more abundant in childhood
can fuse with existing muscle fibers to make them longer
can fuse with each other to produce new muscle fibers to replace muscle fibers that have been damaged |
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Term
| homeostatic role of muscle |
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Definition
temperature homeostasis
25% energy used, 75% lost as heat
shivering when too cold
hypothalamus initiates |
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Term
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Definition
muscles that work together in coordinated manner
protagonist
antagonist
synergist |
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Term
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Definition
muscle that performs main movement
contracts |
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Term
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Definition
muscle that opposes main movement
relaxes/extends |
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Term
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Definition
"helper" or "assistant"
controls unnecessary extra movement |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| where muscle attaches to a bone |
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Term
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Definition
| end of muscle that is moved |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| know name, origin, insertion, action |
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Term
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Definition
epicranius
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
temporalis |
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Term
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Definition
covers upper part of cranium
origin- occipital bone
inserts- connective tissue on forehead
action- raise eyebrows, wrinkle forehead |
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Term
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Definition
surrounds each eye
origin- frontal bone
inserts- connective tissue around eye
action- cause eye to blink or close |
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Term
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Definition
ring-like around mouth
origin- mandible and maxilli
inserts- connective tissue around mouth
action- pucker, "kissing muscle" |
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Term
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Definition
one on each side, fan-shaped
origin- pareital bone
inserts- mandible
action- raise mandible, close mouth, chewing |
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Term
| muscles that move the head |
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Definition
sternocleido mastoid
capitis muscles |
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Term
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Definition
2, long on each side of neck
origin- sternum and clavicle
inserts- mastoid process
action- turns head in opposite direction |
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Term
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Definition
3 on each side
origin- vertebral bones
inserts- temporal and occipital bones
action- bend head side to side |
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Term
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Definition
trapezius
pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi
deltoid |
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Term
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Definition
trapezoid shape, upper shoulder/neck region, one on each side
origin- occipital bone
inserts- both bones on shoulder, scapula and clavicle
action- raise shoulder, shrugging |
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Term
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Definition
upper chest, one on each side
origin- clavicle and sternum
inserts- humerus
action- pull arms across chest |
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Term
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Definition
1 on each side, triangle shaped, covers much of the back
origin- vertebral bones
inserts- humerus
action- pull arm back |
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Term
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Definition
triangle shaped, large and thick, common site for intramuscular injections
origin- clavicle, scapula
inserts- humerus
action- lift arm and move it in various directions |
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Term
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Definition
biceps brachii
triceps brachii |
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Term
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Definition
origin- 2 on scapula
inserts- radius
action- flex arm at elbow, rotate lower arm |
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Term
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Definition
origin- 1 on scapula, 2 on humerus
inserts- ulna
action- extend arm at elbow |
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Term
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Definition
brachio radialis
palmaris longus |
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Term
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Definition
thumb side
origin- humerus
inserts- radial bone near wrist
action- extend arm at elbow |
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Term
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Definition
long, slender, anterior
origin- humerus
inserts- palm of hand connective tissue
action- flex hand at wrist |
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Term
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Definition
gluteus maximus
psoas
biceps femoris
semitendinosis
quadriceps femoris |
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Term
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Definition
heaviest muscle in body, 1 on each side
origin- 1 coxal, 1 sacrum, 1 coccyx
inserts- femur
action- extend leg at hip (sit to stand) |
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Term
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Definition
long, thick, anterior upper thigh
origin- lumbar vertebrae
inserts- front femur
action- flex leg at hip (raise leg, sit down) |
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Term
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Definition
"hamstring" outside tendon
origin- 1 coxal, 1 femur
inserts- fibula and tibia
action- flex leg at knee, rotate lower leg out |
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Term
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Definition
inside hamstring, long, band-like, becomes a tendon halfway down thigh
origin- coxal
inserts- tibia
action- flex leg at knee and rotate leg in |
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Term
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Definition
4 separate muscles working together, large and fleshy, side and front of leg
origin- femur
inserts- tibia
action- extend lower leg at knee |
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Term
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Definition
gastrocnemius
tibialis anterior
flexor digitorum longus |
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Term
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Definition
back of lower leg, most of calf, common site for injury with older athletes
origin- 2 on femur
inserts- tarsal bone at back on heel (calcaneous bone)(achille's tendon is here)
action- pull foot down (plantar flexion), important for walking/running |
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Term
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Definition
long, spindle-shaped
origin- tibia
inserts- metatarsal 1
action- pull foot up (dorsi flexion) |
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Term
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Definition
origin- tibia (posterior surface)
inserts- toe bones
action- plantar flexion
causes shin splints |
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