Epicranius: Frontalis & Occipitalis

Origin: Connected by galea aponeurotica

Action: Front:Raises the eyebrows

Occip: Draws scalp posteriorly

Orbicularis oculi

Origin: Circular muscle around eye

Action:Blinks and closes eyes

Corrugator Supercilli

Origin: Below eyebrow

Action: Draws eyebrow inferiorly (Frown)

Buccinator

Origin: Mandible/maxilla to skin around mouth

Action: Flattens cheek against teeth

Mentalis

Origin: V Shaped rectus at chin

Action: Elevates and protrudes lower lip (Pouting)

Obicularis Oris

Origin: Skin around mouth

Action:Closes and protrudes lips (kissing)

Zygomaticus

Origin: Major+minor

Zygomatic bone to obicularis oris

Action: Raises corner of mouth upward (Smiling)

Levator Labii Inferioris

Origin: Rectus orientation, deep beneath platysma, on each side of mentalis.

Action: Depresses lower lip (pout)

Depressor Anguli

Origin: Small muscle lateral to depressor labii inferioris

Action: Draws corners of mouth downward (Pout)

Risorius

Origin: Longitudinal, superior to platysma; fascia by ears to skin at mouth angle.

Action: Draws mouth laterally (tension)

Platysma

Origin: Fascia of chest to lower border of mandible

Action: Draws lower lip back & down, tenses skin of neck

Masseter

Origin: Zygomatic arch to lateral & angle of mandible

Action: Closes jaw

Temporalis

Origin: Temporal, frontal, parietal bone to coronoid process of mandible

Action: Elevates and retracts mandible

Buccinator

Origin: Mandible/maxilla to skin around mouth.

Action: Flattens cheek against teeth

Sternocleidomastoid

Origin: Manubrium/clavicle to temporal mastoid process

Action: Turns head to side and flexes neck

Splenius Capitis

Origin: Broad muscle deep to trapezius

Action: Extends and hyperextends the head and neck

Semispinalis Capitis

Paired deep neck muscles that extend the head

Diaphragm 

Origin: Xyphoid process,  ribs 7-12, lumbar vertebrae to central tendon

Action: Contracts for inspiration

***Prime Mover for respiration

External Intercostals

Origin: Outer rib muscles; inferior border of upper rib to superior border of lower rib

Action: Elevates ribs

Internal Intercostals

Origin: Inner rib muscles, superior border of lower rib to inferior border of upper rib

Action: Depress Ribs

Exterior Abdominal Oblique

 Superficial of the 3 lateral abdominal muscles

Origin: Ribs 5-12 to pubic and iliac crest and linea alba

Action: compress abdomen, trunk rotation, lateral truck flexion

Internal Abdominal Oblique

Origin: Iliac crest, lumbar fascia, inguinal ligament; to linea alba and ribs 9-12

Action: Inverted “V”

Compresses, trunk rotation, lateral trunk, flexion

Transversus Abdomen

Origin: Illiact crest, lumbar fascia and inguinal ligament, ribs 7-12, to linea alba, pubis.

Action: Compress le abs

Rectus Abdominis

Origin: Long, anterior, medial straplike muscle enclosed in fibrous shealth from the aponeuroses of the other 3 muscles; pubic crest and abdomen; to xiphoid process and ribs 5-7

Action:Compress, Flex, "Sit up" Area

Rectus Abdominis

Origin:Antagonistic to posterior trunk muscles

Action: Flexes trunk

Erector Spinae

Muscle groups

Prime mover of back extension!

Illiocostallis (lateral)

Longissiumus (Intermediate)

Spinalis (Medial)

Origin: Sacrum to the skull

Action: Extends the trunk

Quadratuslumborum: Origin:Posterior, deep muscle; illium to lumbar vert. Action:Extend lumbar

Laterally flexes

Serratus Anterior

Boxer's Muscle (Fan Shaped)

Prime Mover in punching, throwing and pushing!!!

Origin: Ribs 1-8 to superior scapula

Action: Rotates and protracts

Pectoralis minor

Origin: Ribs 3-5 to the corocoid process of scapula

Action: Synergistic to serratus major

Trapezius

Origin: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, C7 and all Thoracic verterbrae; to scapula spine, acromion and clavicle.

Action:  Elevates

Depresses

Adducts scapula

Extends head

Levator Scapulae

Origin: C1-C4 transverse process; to medial scapula border

Action: Elevates scapula

Major and  Minor Rhomboids

Paddling Muscles

Origin: Lower ligamentum nuchae, C7, T1-T5 spines; to medial scapula

Action: elevate and adduct scapula

Pectoralis Major

Prime mover of arm flexion!

Origin: Clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6; to humerus greater turbercle

Action: Flex, adducts, rotates humerus laterally

Latissimus Dorsi

Rower's Muscle

Inferior to Trapezius

Origin: T7-L5 spines, iliac crest, ribs 8-12, inferior scapula; to humerus intertubecular groove

Action: Extend, adduct, rotates humerus medially.

Deltoid

Prime mover of arm adduction!

Origin: Scapular spine, acromion and clavicle; to humerus deltoid tuberosity

Action: Adducts, extends, flexes, and rotates humerus

Supra Spinatus

A rotator cuff muscle

Origin: Supraspinous fossa; to humerus greater turbercle

Action: Adducts and laterally rotates humerus

A rotator cuff muscle

Origin: infraspinous fossa; to greater turbercle

Action: Rotates humerus laterally

Synergistic*

Subscapularis

A rotator cuff muscle

Origin: subscapular fossa; to lesser turbecle

Action: Rotates humerus medially

Antagonistic*

Teres Minor

A rotator cuff muscle

Origin: Lateral muscle; to greater turbercle

Action: rotate humerus laterally

Synergistic

Teres Major

Origin: Scapula inferior angle; to lesser turbecle

Action: extends and adducts humerus laterally

Coracobrachialis

Origin: Scapula corocoid process; to medial humerus shaft

Action: Adducts and flexes humerus

Biceps Branchii

Prime mover of forearm flexion!

Origin: Scapular coracoid process and upper glenoid cavity; to radial tuberosity

Action: Flexes and supinates forearm

Branchialis

Deep to biceps branchii on distal humerus

Origin: anterior humerus; to ulnar coronoid process

Action: Flex elbow

Synergistic*

Brachioradialis

Muscle of lateral forearm

Origin: distal, lateral humerus; to near radial styloid process

Action: Flex elbow 

Synergistic

on posterior arm

Origin: Inferior glenoid cavity and post. humerus; to ulnar olecranon process

Action: extends forearm (PRIME MOVER)

Antagonistic

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Inserts: Carpals and metacarpals

Action: Flex and adducts hand

Palmaris Longus

Inserts: Palmar aponeurosis

Action: weak wrist flexor

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Insert: base 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Action: Flexes and adbducts hand

Origin: Med. epicondyle, ulnar coronoid process; to lateral radius

Action: Pronates forearm and hand

Posterior Extensors of Hand

Inserts: 5th metacarpal

Action: Extends and adducts hand

(Lateralis in cat)

Inserts: 5th phalange

Action: extends 5th digit and hand

(Communis in Cat)

Insert: Phalanges 2-5

Action: Extends hand and phalanges

Origin: lateral epicondyle and supracondylar ridge

Action:extend and abduct wrist

Illiopsoas

iliacus + psoas

Origin: ilium & lumbar vertebrae; to femur lesser trochanter

Action: prime mover of thigh flexion, also flexes trunk

Sartorius

Origin: anterior sup. iliac spine; to proximal medial tibia

Action: flex and abducts hip, rotates thigh laterally (allows crossed legs)

Mostly thigh extensors and abductors

Gluteus Maximus

Stair stepper muscle

Origin: Dorsal ilium, sacrum, coccyx; to femur gluteal turberosity and iliotibial tract

Action: extends, abducts and rotates thigh laterally

Gluteus Medius and minimus

Origin: lateral ilium; to femur greater trochanter

Action: Abduct and rotate thigh medially

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Origin: ant. iliac crest and ant. sup. spine; to iliotibial tract

Action: Abducts and rotate thigh medially (synergistic)

Lateral Thigh Rotators

Surround the hip jointl most rotate the thigh laterally; includes:

Piriforms

obturators

Gemelli 

Quadratus Femoris

Medial Thigh Muscle

Thigh Adductors

"Thigh master" muscles

Gracilis

Origin: Lower pubis; to proximal medial tibia

Action: Adduct thigh

Pectineus

Origin: Pubis; to post proximal femur

Action: Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates thigh

Adductor longus and brevis

Origin: Near pubic symphysis; to femur linea aspera

Action: Adducts and medially rotate thigh

Adductor Magnus

Origin: inferior to ishium and pubis; to linea aspera

Action: adduct, flexes and medially rotate thigh

Quadricep Femoris

4 muscle groups that all insert via quadriceps tendon on the patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action: all extend the knee

Rectus Femoris

Origin: ant. inf. iliac spine and acetabulum

Action: extends leg and flexes thigh

Vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedius

Biceps Femoris

Origin: Two origins ishial turberosity & linea aspera, and fibula head and tibia lateral condyle

Action: Flex knee and laterally rotate thigh

Semi Tendinosis

Origin: Ischial tuberosity; to tibia medial condyle

Action: Flex knee, and medially rotates thigh

Popliteus

Origin: Femur lat. condyle; to proximal tibia

Action: Unlocks knee to allow flexion

Tibialis Anterior

Origin: Proximal lateral tibia; to 1st metatarsal and 1st cuneiform

Action: Prime mover of foot dorsi flexion, and invert foot

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Origin: Tibia lateral condyle and fibula; to phalanges II-V

Action: Dorsi flexes and everts foot, extends digits II-V

Fibularis (Peroneus) Longus

Origin: Head and proximal fibula; to 1st cuneiform and metatarsal

Action: plantar flexes and everts foot

Fibularis (Peroneus) Brevis

Origin: Distal Fibula; to 5th cuneiform

Action: Plantar flexes and evert foot

Gastrocnemius

Origin: Two heads on lateral and medial femur condyles; to post calcaneous via calcaneal (achilles) tendon

Action: Prime mover of foot plantar flexion, weak knee flexor

Soleus

deep to gastroc

Origin: head of tibia and fibula; to post. calcaneous via calcaneal (achilles tendon) 

Action: Plantar flexes foot (gastrocnemius and soleus are called the triceps surae)

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Origin: posterior tibia; to phalanges II-V;

Action: Plantar flexes and inverts foot, flexes distal phalanges

Tibialis Posterior

Origin: proximal tibia and fibula; to navicular, cuneiforms, ,metatarsals II-IV

Action: plantar flexes and invert foot and supports arches