Term
| where does the esophagus pierce the diaphragm |
|
Definition
| T10 slightly to the left of the midline |
|
|
Term
| where is the esophagus in relation to the trachea and liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in which of the 9 regions is the stomach located |
|
Definition
| left hypochondriac, epigastric, umbilical |
|
|
Term
| what are the orifaces of the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the cardial oriface |
|
Definition
| between the stomach and esophagus |
|
|
Term
| where is the pyloric oriface |
|
Definition
| between the stomach and the duodenum |
|
|
Term
| describe the physical curvature of the stomach |
|
Definition
| the left is more curved than the right |
|
|
Term
| where does the small intestine begin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the small intestine end |
|
Definition
| at the ileocecal junction |
|
|
Term
| what is the ileocecal junction, what quadrent is it in |
|
Definition
| where the small and large intestines join, in the right lower quadrant |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the small intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the duodenum located and in what regions |
|
Definition
| deep to the peritoneal sac in the epigastric and umbilical |
|
|
Term
| describe the shape of the duodenum, what does it surround |
|
Definition
| it is C shaped and surrounds the head of the pancreas |
|
|
Term
| where does the duodenum begin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the duodenum end |
|
Definition
| duodenojejunal flexure (junction) |
|
|
Term
| what is the duodenojejunal flexure |
|
Definition
| the joining point of the duodenum and the jejunum |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the duodenum |
|
Definition
| superior (1), descending (2), horizontal or transverse (3), ascending (4) |
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between the jejunum and illeul and the duodenum |
|
Definition
| the jejunum and ileum are more mobile |
|
|
Term
| where does the jejunum begin |
|
Definition
| the duodenojejunal flexure |
|
|
Term
| what is the ileocecal junction |
|
Definition
| where the ileum ends and joins the large intestines |
|
|
Term
| what divides the jejunum and ileum |
|
Definition
| there is no sharp boundray, just a gradual transition |
|
|
Term
| describe the proportions and locations of the jejunum and ileum |
|
Definition
| jejunum is the proximal upper left 2/5 40%, the ileum is the distal lower right 2/5 60% |
|
|
Term
| where is the jejunum located |
|
Definition
| the upper part of the infracolic compartment |
|
|
Term
| where is the ileum located |
|
Definition
| the lower part of the infracolic compartment and some of the pelvis |
|
|
Term
| where is the large intestine located in reference to the small intestine |
|
Definition
| it arches around and encloses the jejunum and ileum |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the large intestine |
|
Definition
| cecym, vermaiform apendix, ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal |
|
|
Term
| where is the cecum located |
|
Definition
| in the right inguinal region inferior to the ileocecal junction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the appenxid located |
|
Definition
| originates from the posteromedial aspect of the cecum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the ascending colon begin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the hepatic or colic flexure |
|
Definition
| where the ascending colon bends to become the transverse on the right side of the body |
|
|
Term
| describe the shape of the transverse colon |
|
Definition
| a U from right to left in the body and lies some on the small intestines |
|
|
Term
| where does the transverse colon begin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the transverse colon end |
|
Definition
| left colic or splenic flexure |
|
|
Term
| where does the decending colon begin |
|
Definition
| left colic or splenic flexure |
|
|
Term
| where does the descending colon end |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the sigmoid colon begin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the sigmoid colon end |
|
Definition
| in the pelvis around S3 where it becomes continous with the rectum |
|
|
Term
| where does the rectum begin |
|
Definition
| around S3 where the sigmoid colon ends |
|
|
Term
| where does the rectum end |
|
Definition
| when it pierces the pelvic floor becoming continous with the anal canal |
|
|
Term
| how long is the anal canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the anal canal begin |
|
Definition
| pelvic floor or diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| where does the anal canal end |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the pancreas function as |
|
Definition
| an exocrine and endocrine gland |
|
|
Term
| where is the pancreas located |
|
Definition
| deep to the peritoneal sac, across the posterior abdominal wall from the duodenum on the right to the spleen on the left |
|
|
Term
| what regions is the pancrease in |
|
Definition
| the epigastric and left hypochondriac |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the largest lymhoid organ in the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the spleen locationa and in what region and under what ribs |
|
Definition
| posterior to the stomach, in the left hypochondriac under ribs 9-11 |
|
|
Term
| where are the kidneys located |
|
Definition
| upper posterior abdominal wall on each side of the vertebral column, sitting in part of the diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| where does the ureter begin and end |
|
Definition
| the kidney to the urinary bladder |
|
|
Term
| what muscle is associated with the ureter, where is it located |
|
Definition
| the psoas major, the pelvic cavity enterance |
|
|
Term
| where are the suprarenal (adrenal) glands |
|
Definition
| on the upper pole of each kidney deep in the abdoman |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the adrenal glands and their relative locations |
|
Definition
| cortex (outer), medulla (inner) |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of the adrenal glands |
|
Definition
| endocrine glands that secrete hormones |
|
|
Term
| during embryology, where do the adrenal glands come from |
|
Definition
| they have different origins in different people, usually the neural crest |
|
|
Term
| describe the differences between the peritoneum and the pleura and pericardium |
|
Definition
| surrounds many organs, more complex arangement |
|
|
Term
| which direction did the organs fill into the peritoneum during development |
|
Definition
| mainly from the posterior abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
| what are the layers of the peritoneum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the peritoneal cavity |
|
Definition
| potential space between parietal and visceral layers, has some serous fluid |
|
|
Term
| describe te paritoneal cavity in females |
|
Definition
| communicates with the outside via the uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina |
|
|
Term
| describe the peritoneum in males |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the definition of a intraperitoneal organ |
|
Definition
| almost totally covered with visceral peritoneum, think organs that are suspended or hanging |
|
|
Term
| what are the intraperitoneal organs |
|
Definition
| stomach, jejunum, ileum, transverse colon, spleen |
|
|
Term
| what is the definition of a retroperitoneal organ |
|
Definition
| located posterior to the peritoneal sac between the sac and abdominal wall, only the anterior surface is coered with peritoneum |
|
|
Term
| what organs are retroperitoneal |
|
Definition
| most of the duodenum and pancreas, ascending and descending colon, kidneys, supraparenal glands, abdominal aorta, inferior vena cava |
|
|
Term
| what are the categories of peritoneal folds |
|
Definition
| ligament, omentum, mesentary |
|
|
Term
| what is a peritoneal ligament |
|
Definition
| a two layered peritoneal fold that connects an organ to the abdominal wall or another organ |
|
|
Term
| what types of peritoneal ligaments are there |
|
Definition
| falciform, coronary, splenorenal, gastrosplenic, omentum, mesentary, umbilical folds |
|
|
Term
| what is the falciform ligament |
|
Definition
| peritoneal fold that connects liver to anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm. runs from umbilicus to diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| what is the coronary ligament |
|
Definition
| peritoneal fold that connects the liver to the diaphragm, suspends it from the diaphgram |
|
|
Term
| what is the splenoreal ligament |
|
Definition
| peritoneal fold that connects the spleen to left lidney |
|
|
Term
| what is the gastrosplenic ligament |
|
Definition
| peritoneal fold that connects the spleen to the stomach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| peritoneal fold that passes from the sotmach and proximal part of the duodenumm to another organ |
|
|
Term
| what are the types of omentums |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the lesser omentum |
|
Definition
| two layered peritoneal fold that connects the lesser curvature of the stomach to the 1st part of the duodenum to the visceral surface of the liver, has a free edge |
|
|
Term
| what are the parts of the lesser omentum |
|
Definition
| hepatogastric ligament and hepatoduodenal ligament |
|
|
Term
| what does the hepatoduodenal ligament contain |
|
Definition
| it is thicker because it has ducts, blood, lymph vessels, and nerves traveling to and from the liver, it is a free edge in the peritoneum |
|
|
Term
| what is the greater omentum |
|
Definition
| hangs from the greater curvature of the stomach in front of coils of the jejunum and ileum |
|
|
Term
| what does the greater omentum contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the layers of the greater omentum |
|
Definition
| two anterior and two posterior, no space between so 4 layers because they fused |
|
|
Term
| describe the path of the layers in the greater omentum |
|
Definition
| descend from the greater curvature of the stomach, fold back on themselves, and ascend, they seperate into the two layers again and go around the transverse colon to the pancreas forming the transverse mesocolon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a two layered peritoneal fold that connects intestines to the posterior abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
| what is the function of a mesentery |
|
Definition
| allows blood vessels, lymph, and nerves to reach organs from the posterior abdominal wall, provide mobility and make intestine parts intraperitoneal |
|
|
Term
| what is the mesentery of the small intestine |
|
Definition
| connects coils of the jejunum and ileum to the posterior abdominal wall, has lots of branching with vessels and lymph in it to supply intestines |
|
|
Term
| what is the mesentery of the transverse colon (mescolon) |
|
Definition
| connects transverse colon to posterior abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
| what is the mesentery of the sigmoid colon (mesocolon) |
|
Definition
| connects sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal and pelvic walls |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a mesentaries have one, attaches it to the posterior abdominal wall, formed early in development |
|
|
Term
| what is different about mesentaries in early development vs adult |
|
Definition
| early all parts of the digestive tract are intraperitoneal and have a mesentery, with development movements some parts adhere to the posterior abdominal wall and losse their mesentary becoming fixed (secondary retroperitoneal organ) |
|
|
Term
| what is a secondary retroperitoneal organ |
|
Definition
| parts that used to have a mesentary but with developmental movements have attached to the posterior abdominal wall and lost their mesentary |
|
|
Term
| what organs are secondary tetroperitoneal organs |
|
Definition
| most of the duodenum, most of the pancrease, ascending and descending colon |
|
|
Term
| what is the omentum burse where is it located |
|
Definition
| a perrtoneal pouch posterior to the lesser omentum and stomach |
|
|
Term
| what is another name of the omentum bursa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the parts to the omentum bursa |
|
Definition
| superior recess, inferior recess, left margin, right margin, epiploic foramen |
|
|
Term
| what is the superior recess of the omentum burse, where is it located |
|
Definition
| upward extension, between the liver and diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| what is the inferior recess of the omentum burse, where is it located |
|
Definition
| downward extension of the omental burse, between the 2 anterior and 2 posterior layers of the greater omentum, usually short due to the adherance of these layers |
|
|
Term
| what is included in the left margin of the ometal bursa |
|
Definition
| spleen, gastrosplenic and splenorenal ligaments |
|
|
Term
| what is included in the right margin of the ometal bursa |
|
Definition
| omental (epiploic) formamen |
|
|
Term
| what is the omental foramen |
|
Definition
| opening of the omental burse, connects lesser to greater sac, the only opening in the lesser sac |
|
|
Term
| what is another name from the omental foramen |
|
Definition
| epiploic foramen, foramen of winslow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the remaining of the peritoneal cavity |
|
|
Term
| what are the boundries of the omental foramen |
|
Definition
anterior: lesser omentum hepatodudoneal ligament,
posterior: inferior vena cava, superior caudate lobe of liver, inferior: 1st part of duodenum |
|
|
Term
| what are the main structures of the hepatoduodenal ligament |
|
Definition
| portal vein, hepatic artery proper, bile duct, lymph, autonomic nerves |
|
|
Term
| where is the umbilical folds located |
|
Definition
| in the lower anterior abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
| what are the different umbilical folds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the median umbilical fold |
|
Definition
| covering the median umbilical ligament from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus |
|
|
Term
| what is the median umbilical fold a remnant of |
|
Definition
| the allantos of the embryo, when its lumen obliterates it is called urachus, in the adult it is the median umbilical ligament |
|
|
Term
| where is the medial umbilical fold located |
|
Definition
| one on each side covering the medial umbilical ligaments ascending from the pelvis to the umbilicus |
|
|
Term
| what is the medial umbilical fold a remnant of |
|
Definition
| the distal, obliterated parts of the umbilical artery |
|
|
Term
| where is the lateral umbilical fold located |
|
Definition
| one on ach side covering the inferior epigastric vessels |
|
|
Term
| where is the supravesical fossa located |
|
Definition
| between the median and medical umbilica folds on top of the bladder |
|
|
Term
| how is the supravesical fossa formed |
|
Definition
| as the peritoneum passes from the anterior abdominal wall onto the urinary bladder |
|
|
Term
| why does the supravesical fossa change shape |
|
Definition
| it rises and falls with the filling and emptying of the bladder |
|
|
Term
| where is the medial inguinal fossa located |
|
Definition
| between medial and lateral umbilical folds |
|
|
Term
| what is located in the medial inguinal fossa, what is the medical relivence of this structure |
|
Definition
| the inguinal (hesselbach's) triangle, potentionally a direct inguinal hernia |
|
|
Term
| where is the lateral inguinal fossa located |
|
Definition
| lateral to the lateral umbilical fold, covers inferior epigastric on their way out to the rectus abdominus |
|
|
Term
| what is located in the lateral inguinal fossa, what is the medical relivence of this structure |
|
Definition
| deep inguinal ring, potential site for an indirect inguinal hernia |
|
|
Term
| where is the supracolic compartment located |
|
Definition
| above the transverse colon and its mesentery |
|
|
Term
| what does the supracolic compartment contain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the infracolic compartment located |
|
Definition
| below the transverse colon and its mesentery, right and left spaces on each side of the mesentary root between cecum and duodenum/jejunum junction |
|
|
Term
| what does the infracolic compartment contain |
|
Definition
| most of the small and large intestines |
|
|
Term
| what is the infracolic compartment divided into and by what |
|
Definition
| right and left infracolic spaces by mesentery of small intestines |
|
|
Term
| what are the paracolic gutters |
|
Definition
| a free communicating area between the supracolic and infrocolic compartments, on each side of each ascending and descending colon and abdominal wall |
|
|
Term
| what nerves supplies the central part of the diaphragm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the pain from the central diaphragm refered to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what nerves supply the parietal peritoneum |
|
Definition
| lower 5 intercostal nerves (T6-T12), subcostal nerves, and iliohpyogastric and ilioinguinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| what nerves supply the peripherial diaphgram |
|
Definition
| lower 5 intercostal and subcostal (T6-T12) |
|
|
Term
| what nerves supply the visceral peritoneum |
|
Definition
| visceral sensory fibers that travel with the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves that supply the organs they cover |
|
|
Term
| how is pain in the parietal paritoneum elicted |
|
Definition
| mechanical, chemical, or thermal stimulation |
|
|
Term
| describe pain from the pariteal peritoneum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is pain elicted in the visceral peitoneum |
|
Definition
| stretching due to over distension of a hollow organ or pulling on a mesentery |
|
|
Term
| describe pain from the vericral peritoneum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what vertebral level does the inferior vena pierce the diaphragm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what vertebral level does the aorta pierce the diaphragm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what takes up most of the abdominal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is another word for the pelvic floor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in regards to peritoneium, how are the ascending and decending colon attached |
|
Definition
| the used to be in the mesentary but are not connected to the posterior abdominal wall making them secondary retroperitoneal organs |
|
|
Term
| where is the anal triangle located |
|
Definition
| in the anal canal perineium |
|
|
Term
| what does the pancreas release as an exocrine organ |
|
Definition
| enzymes released into the duodenum for digestion |
|
|
Term
| what does the pancreas release as an endocrine organ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in regards to the peritoneium, how is the kidney classified |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the outer adrenal cortex produce |
|
Definition
| steroids, corticoids, glucocorticoids, sex hormones |
|
|
Term
| what does the adrenal medulla product |
|
Definition
| epinepherine, norepinepherine |
|
|
Term
| which kidney sits higher, why |
|
Definition
| the left because the right is blocked by the liver |
|
|
Term
| at approxamently what vertebral level is the hilum of the kidney |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| describe the difference in the peritonieum of a male and female |
|
Definition
| a male is completely closed, a females is open because you could go through the uterine tube to the uterus and out the vagina |
|
|
Term
| what is the peritoneal ligaments made of |
|
Definition
| loose connective tissue, fat, few fibers |
|
|
Term
| what is another name for the gastrosplenic ligament, why |
|
Definition
| gastrosplenic omentum because it connects to the stomach |
|
|
Term
| what does the hepatogastric ligament contain |
|
Definition
| the lesser omentum that isnt part of the hepatoduodenal ligament (free edge) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the bladder during development (between embryo and adult) |
|
|
Term
| what does the urachus become |
|
Definition
| the median umbilical ligament |
|
|
Term
| what does the allantois become |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the spaces between the umbilical folds |
|
Definition
| supravesical fossa, medial inguinal fossa, laternal inguinal fossa |
|
|
Term
| wha s the alamentery canal |
|
Definition
|
|
