Term
| Distinguish between a synarthrosis and an amphiarthrosis? |
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Definition
synarthosis- no movement
amphiarthosis- permits slight movement |
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Term
| What is the main advantage of a synovial joint |
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Definition
| The main advantage is that it permits a broad range of motion without significant friction |
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Term
| Identify two functions of synovial fluid |
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Definition
| 2 functions of synovial fluid- friction reduction and the distribution of dissolved gases, nutrients, and waste products |
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Term
| What are bursae? WHat is their function |
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Definition
| Bursae are pockets lined by a synovial membrane and filled with synovial fluid. They reduce friction between adjacent structures, such as tendons and bones or muscles. |
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Term
| In a newborn infant, the large bones of the skull are joinedby fibrous connective tissue. What type of joint is this? These bones later grow, interlock and form moveable joints. What type of joints are these? |
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Definition
| Orginally, the joint type of syndesmosis. When the bones fuse, the bones along the suture represents a synostosis |
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Term
Give the proper term for each of the following types of motion?
moving the humerus away from the midline of the body |
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Definition
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Term
Give the proper term for each of the following types of motion?
turning the palm so they face forward |
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Definition
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Term
Give the proper term for each of the following types of motion?
bending the elbows |
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Definition
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Term
| Who would be more likely to develop inflammation of the subscapular bursa= a tennis player or a jogger WHy |
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Definition
| Since the subscapular bursa is located in the shoulder joint, an inflammation of this structure (bursitis) would be found in the tennis player. The condition is associated with repetitive motion that occurs at the shoulder, such as swinging a tennis racket. The jogger would be more at risk for injuries to the knee joint |
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Term
| Mary falls on the palm of her hands with her elbows slightly flexed. After the fall, she can't move her arm at the elbow. If a fracture exist, what bone is most likely broken? |
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Definition
| Mary has most likely fractured her ulna |
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Term
| Where would you find the following ligaments: iliofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament, and ischiofemoral ligament? |
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Definition
| The iliofemoral ligament, pubofemoral ligament, and ischiofemoral ligaments would be found in the hip joint |
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Term
| What symptoms would you expect to see in an individual who has damaged the menisci of the knee joint? |
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Definition
| damage to the menisic in the knee joint would result in a decrease in the joint stability. The individual would have a harder time locking the knee in place while standing and would have to use muscular contractions to stabilize the joint. When standing for long periods, the muscle would fatigue and the knee would " give out" You would expect the person to have pain. |
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Term
| How is the knee joint affected by damage to the patellar ligament |
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Definition
| The patellar ligament provides support to the anterior surface of the knee joint. Damage to the patellar ligament would affect this support |
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Term
| How do both the tibial and fibular collateral ligaments function to stabilize the knee joint? |
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Definition
| The tibial collateral ligament reinforces the medial surface of the knee joint, and the fibular collateral ligament reinforces the lateral surface. The ligaments tighten only at full extension, and in this position they also act to stabilize the joint. |
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Term
| The function of a bursa is to? |
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Definition
| reduce friction between a bone and a tendon and absorb shock |
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Term
| True of the movement capabilities of joints |
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Definition
-great stability decreases mobility
-they may be directed or restricted to certain directions by the shape of articulating surfaces
-they may be modified by the presence of accessory ligaments and collagen fibers of the joint capsule. |
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Term
| Function of the synovial fluid |
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Definition
absorbs shock
lubricates the joint
provide nutrients |
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Term
| a joint in which the articular surfaces can slide in any direction is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| ligaments of the hip joint |
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Definition
iliofemoral ligament
pubofemoral ligament
ligament of the femoral head |
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Term
| The back of the knee joint is reinforced by |
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Definition
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Term
| The shoulder joint is primarily stabilized by |
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Definition
| ligaments and muscles that move the humerus |
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Term
| a twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward is |
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Definition
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Term
| Pair structures of the elbow joint |
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Definition
| capitulum of humerus, head of radius |
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Term
| Luxations are painful due to simulation of pain receptors in what locations |
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Definition
in the capsule
in the ligaments around the joint
in the tendons around the joint |
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Term
| The ligaments that limit the anterior and posterior movement of the femur and maintain the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles are the |
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Definition
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Term
| When a baseball pitcher "winds up" prior to throwing a pitch, he or she is taking advantage of the ability of the shoulder joint to perform |
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Definition
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Term
| Compare and contrast the strength and stability of a joint with respect to the amount of mobility in the joint. |
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Definition
| a joint cannot be both highly mobile and very strong. The greater the range of motion joint, the weaker it becomes, and vica versa. For example a synarthrosis, which is the strongest type of joint, does not permit movement |
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Term
| How does the classification of a joint change when epiphysis fuses at the end of a long bone. |
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Definition
| prior to fusion, the two parts of a single bones are united by a line of cartilage and are called a synchondrosis. Once the cartilaginous plate is obliterated, there is no more joint and it becomes a immovable synostosis |
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Term
| how do the malleoli of the tibia and fibula function to retain the correct positioning of the tibiotalar joint? |
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Definition
| The tibiotalar joint, or ankle joint, involves the distal articular surface of the tibia, including the medial malleolus, the lateral malleolus of the fibula, and the trochlea and lateral articular facets of the talus. The malleoli, supported by ligaments of the ankle joint (the medial deltoid ligament and the three lateral ligaments)and associated fat pads, prevent the ankle bones from sliding from side to side. |
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Term
| How do articular carilage differ from other cartilages in the body? |
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Definition
| articular cartilages cover articulating surfaces of bones. They resemble hyaline cartilages elsewhere in the body, but they have no perichondrium, and the matrix contains more water than other cartilages have |
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Term
| What factors are responsible for limiting the range of motion of a mobile diarthrosis? |
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Definition
| factors that limit the range of movement of a joint include accessory ligaments and collagen fibers of the joint capsule, the shapes of the articulating surfaces that allow movement in some directions while preventing in others, the tension in the tendons attached to the articulating bones and the bulk of the muscle surrounding the joint |
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Term
| What role is played by capsular ligaments in a complex synovial joint? Use the humeroulnar joint to illusitrate your answer |
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Definition
| The joint capsule that surrounds the entire synovial joint is continous with the periostea of the articulating bones. Accesory ligaments are localized thickening of the capsule Extracapsukar ligaments are on the outside of the capsule; intracapsular ligaments are found inside the capsule In the humeroulnar joint, the capsule is reinforced by strong ligaments. The radial collateral ligament stabilizes the lateral surface of the joint. The annular ligament binds the proximal radial head to the ulna. The medial surface of the joint is stabolized by the ulnar collateral ligaments |
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Term
| What common mechanism that holds together immovable joints such as skull sutures and the gomphoses, holding teeth in their alveoli? |
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Definition
| The edges of the bones are interlocked and bound together at the suture by dense connective tissue. a different type of synarthrosis binds each tooth to the surrounding bony socket. This fiberous connection is the periodontal ligament |
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Term
| How can pronation be distinguished from circumduction of a skeletal element? |
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Definition
| The movement of the wrist and hand from palm-facing-front to palm-facing-back is called pronation Circumduction is a special type of angular motion that encompasses all types of angular motion. Flexion, extension, adduction and abduction |
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Term
| What would you tell your grandfather about his decrease in height as he grows old? |
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Definition
| As one ages, the water content of nucleus pulposus within each disc decreases Loss of water by the disc causes shortening of the verterbral column. |
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Term
| When a person involved in an autommobile accident suffers from "whiplash" what structures have been affected and what movements could be responsible for this injury? |
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Definition
| The term whiplash is used to describe an injury wherin the body suddenly changes position, as in a fall or during rapid acceleration or deceleration The balancing muscles are not enough to stabilize the head A dangerous partial or complete dislocation of the cervical vertebrae can result, with injury to muscles and ligaments and potiental injury to the spinal cord. It is called whiplash because the head resembles the cracking of a whip |
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Term
| A marathon runner steps on an exposed tree root, causing a twisted ankle. After being examined, she is told the ankle is severly sprained, not broken. The ankle will probably take longer to heal then a broken bone would. WHich structure were damaged and why would they take so long to heal. |
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Definition
| In a sprain, a ligament is stretched to the point where some of the collagen fibers are torn. The ligament remains functional, and the structure and stability of the joint are not affected In a more serious incident, the entire ligament may be torn apart, simply termed a torn ligament, or the connection between the ligament and the mallelolus may be so strong that the bone breaks before the ligament. In general, a broken bone heals more quickly and effectively than a torn ligament does. A dislocation often accompanies such injuries. |
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Term
| ALmost all football knee injuries occur when the player has the knee "planted" rather than flexed. What anatomical facts would account for this? |
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Definition
| WHen the knee is flexed, it is able to move in response to a hit from the inside or outside (medial or lateral surfaces) However when the knee is planted the knee is in a locked position. In this position the medial and lateral collateral ligaments and the anterior cruciate ligaments are taunt, therby increasing their chance of injury. |
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Term
A slightly movable joint is an ?
Quiz #5 |
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Definition
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Term
a type of movement in the sagittal plne, which reduces the angle between the articulating element is ?
Quiz #5 |
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Definition
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Term
The _______ligament reinforces the medial surface of the knee joint.
Quiz #5 |
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Definition
| medial collateral ligament |
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Term
The structure that wraps around the proximal radial head and ultimately binds it to the ulna is the _______?
Quiz #5 |
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Definition
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Term
These small, fluid filled pockets form where a tendon or ligament rubs against other tissue.
Quiz #5 |
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Definition
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Term
The joint between the atlas and axis is an example of this type of joint. Give the structural classification
Quiz #5 |
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Definition
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Term
A diarthrosis joint that permits movement in three planes is known as a ______joint?
Quiz #5 |
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Definition
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Term
What are the 3 functions of synovial fluid?
Quiz #5 |
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Definition
provide lubrication
nourish chondrocytes
absorb shock |
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Term
What is the strongest Joint and permits NO movement
Example between bones of the skull |
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Definition
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Term
Joint slightly moveable; between bones of the forearm or leg
Example: between vetebrae |
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Definition
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Term
| freely movable , bony surfaces do not contact one another due to articular cartilage; subdivided according to degree of movement. Example knee, elbow, shoulder and hip |
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Definition
| Diathrosis (hyaline cartilage) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
one direction Example: elbow
Flexion and extension |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 direction --movement in 2 planes. Example wrist |
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Term
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Definition
3 directional -
Example shoulder and hip |
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Term
| Describe linear motion movement |
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Definition
linear motion (gliding)
When bones glide past each other (carpal bones) |
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Term
| Types of movement Angular motion |
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Definition
tip remains stationary, but shaft changes angle relative to the surface
Example: elbow, knee and hip |
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Term
| Types of movement circumduction movement |
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Definition
| only the shoulder can do this soft ball pitching. tip remains stationary while the shaft can make a complete circle. |
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Term
| Type of movement rotation? |
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Definition
| example shoulder and hip. |
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Term
Describe Tempormandibular joint
(Jaw) |
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Definition
Only moveable joint of axial
Hinge joint but loose capsule and flat articulation surfaces, allowing for gliding and rotational movements
Poorly stabilized |
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Term
Describe glenohumeral joint?
Shoulder |
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Definition
-ball and socket joint
-greatest range of motion
- poorly fitting so low stability
-bursa under each ligament to reduce friction |
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Term
| Give me an example of a bursa ? |
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Definition
| In shoulder under each ligament to reduce frictiom |
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Term
| Fiber cartilage-support joint and stabilizes (name) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Hinge joint
-very stable due to the close fit of the articulating bones
-highly developed biceps will limit flexure |
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Term
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Definition
-deep well-fitting ball and socket joint
-triaxial joint
-when joint is flexed there is slack in the ligament |
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Term
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Definition
| fibrous cartilage in the hip joint |
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Term
| what holds the head of the femur? |
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Definition
| Ligament of the femorial head |
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Term
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Definition
-large round condyles of the femur sit on top of the flat tibial articular surface.
structure resembles three joints
-femur and tibia (medial condlyes)
-femur and tibia (lateral condyles)
-Patella and patellar surface |
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