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a body part is located toward the front.
Example: The windpipe (trachea) is anterior to the esophagus. |
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A body part is located toward the back.
Example: The heart is posterior to the sternum (breastbone). |
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A body part is located above another part, or toward the head.
Exmaple: The face is superior to the neck. |
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A body part is below another part, or toward the feet.
Example: The navel is inferior to the chin. |
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A body part is nearer than another part to an imaginary midline of the body.
Example: The bridge of the nose is medial to the eyes. |
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A body part is farther away from the midline.
Example: The eyes are lateral to the nose |
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A body part is closer to a specific point of origin or attachment, or closer to the trunk of the entire body.
Example: if the point of attachment is the shoulder, it is correct to say the elbow is proximal to the hand |
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A body part is farther from a specific point of origin or attachment, or farther from the trunk of the entire body.
Example: If a point of attachment is the hip, it is correct to say the foot is distal to the knee |
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A body part is located near the surface.
Example: The skin is superficial to the muscles |
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A body part is located away from the surface.
Example: The intestines are deep to the spine. |
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A body part is situated at the center of the body or an organ.
Example: The central nervous system is centrally located along the main axis of the body |
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A body part is situated away from the center of the body or an organ.
Example: The peripheral nervous system is located outside the central nervous system. |
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A body part is on the same side of the body from another body part.
Example: The right hand is ipsilateral to the right foot |
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A body part is on the opposite side of the body from another body part.
Example: the right hand is contralateral to the left hand |
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