Term
| List the functional characteristics common to humans and othe organisms; explain the importance of each to maintaining life and what are the survival needs of living things. |
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Definition
1. Maintain Boundaries: Internal & External enviroment must remain distinct.
2. Movement: Internal locomotion
3. Responsiveness: (Adaptability) responds to physical & chemically eg.heat adptation,sun esxposure,ocygen levels,etc.
4. Digestion: absorction I utilixation of nutrients from the environment.
5. Metabolism: a state of change breakdown and building of substances to use & prduce energy "E" requires: respiration (absorption of oxygen)
6. Excretion: elimination of waste both useless & harmful. i.e. the organism is not 100% efficient.
7. Reproduce and Grow
B. Survival needs as follows: (needs=factors to maintain life) i.e. nutrients, oxygen, water, optimal tempeture, atmospheric pressure. |
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Term
| Define anatomy and physiology and describe their subdivisions. |
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Definition
Physiology is the study of function how do organisms perform the 7 functions.
Anatomy is the study of structure (internal & external) |
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Term
| Explain the principle of complementarity. |
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Definition
| Complementarity states tha an organ's function (Physiology) is related to its stucture (Anatomy) |
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Term
| Name in order of complexity, the different levels of structural organixation that make up the human body, and explain their relationships (define). |
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Definition
1. Chemical
2. Cellular
3. Tissue
4. Organ
5. Organ system
6. Organism |
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Term
| Define Homeostasis and explain its significane. |
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Definition
Homeostasis is a process where by physiological systems maintain a reliable internal environment.
1. conditions remain stable even when the environment is contantly changing.
2. involves a dynamic state of equilibrium (balance).
3. Conrols requires:
1. receptor: picks up signal ( stinulus)
2. control center: deternines set point. analyzees/deternines response.
3. effector: causes incr. or decr. in activity to change inital stimulus. |
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Term
| Describe how negative and positive feedback maintain body homeostasis. |
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Definition
a.Negitive feedback is when a correction that involves an ction that directly apposes the inital stimulus. Includes most systems: fluid, electrolytes, harmones temp, ph, blood glucose.
b. Positive feedbackis is a system where the stimulus producess a reponse that results in greater stimulus. i.e. (Labor contractions). |
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Term
| Describe the relationship between homeostatic imbalanace and diease. |
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Definition
| when your homeostatic is imbalance it can cause homeostatic failure that can result into illness/diease. |
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Term
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Definition
B1. Gross: macro
1. surface (superfical markings)
2. regional (ext. and int. anatomy of a region)
3.systemic (organ systems)
4. medical/pathological (changes associated with illness.
5. radiographic (via x-ray, ultra sound)
6. developmental (from conception to phys, maturity), "embryology" a subdiviton.
B2. Fine: micro
1. histology (examine tissues)
2. cytology (structure of cells)
3. molecular biology (structure of biological molecules) |
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Term
| what controls are required with homeostasis. |
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Definition
1. receptor: picks up signal (stimulus)
2. Control Center: detenines set point, analyzes/determines response.
3. Effector: causes incress or decrss, in activity to change initial stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| A correction that involves an action that directly opposes the initial stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| system where the stimulus produces a response that results in greater stumulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| when there is a homestatic imlanlance and it results into illness/disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Has mass and it takes up space. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Atom: Smallest stable unit of matter
2. Molecules: when atoms combine (two or more held by chemical means)
3. Element: all of the same type of atom, can not be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary means.
Compound: 2 or more elements held by chemical bonds. Example: C6H12O6 is a compound, O2 is not. |
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Term
| Atomic Structure Fundamental Particles: |
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Definition
a. Prontons : (+), in nucleus
b. Neutrons: (no charge), in nucleus
c. Electrons: (-), smaller (1/1800th the size, considered weightless, and licated in orbitals/clouds surrounding the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
PeriodicTable: lists measurements, appendix E.
1. Atomic Number: the number of protone in the nucleus is written to the left of the symbol.
2. Mass Number: sum of the masses of its protons and neutrons.
3. Atomic Weight: derived from an average mass # determined for any individual element. |
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