Term
| What is the largest thenar muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates all hypothenar muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the hypothenar muscles? |
|
Definition
| Abductor Digit Minimi, Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis, Opponens Digiti Minimi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - Pisiform
I - medial side of proximal phalanx of finger
F - ABDUCT pinky
I - ulnar nerve |
|
|
Term
| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis |
|
Definition
O - hook of the HAMATE
I - lateral to insertion of ADM on proximal phalanx
F - FLEX pinky
I - ulnar nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Misnamed; pinky cannot rotate & cannot therefore oppose
O - hook of hamate & flexor retinaculum
I - medial side of 5th metacarpal
F - cups the palm of the hand
I - ulnar nerve |
|
|
Term
| What do the lumbricals form? |
|
Definition
| The lateral side of the four tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - lateral side of flexor digitorum profundus tendons
I - pass around lateral side of finger and insert onto extensor expansion at the proximal phalanx
F - FLEX MP joints and EXTEND PIPs (waving bye)
I - two lateral lumbricals (MEDIAN), two medial lumbricals (ULNAR) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - lateral side of flexor digitorum profundus tendons
I - pass around lateral side of finger and insert onto extensor expansion at the proximal phalanx
F - FLEX MP joints and EXTEND PIPs (waving bye)
I - two lateral lumbricals (MEDIAN), two medial lumbricals (ULNAR) |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the adductor pollicis & interossei muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - capitate, trapezois, MC 2 and 3 (OBLIQUE head); shaft of MC 3 (TRANSVERSE head)
I - insert via medial sesamoid bone on proximal phalanx of thumb
F - ADDUCT thumb
I - ULNAR nerve |
|
|
Term
| Types of interossei and number of each? |
|
Definition
(3) Palmar Interossei
(4) Dorsal Interossei |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
All originate on the AXIAL side of the metacarpals (2, 4, 5)
O - axial side of MC 2, 4, 5
I - extensor expansion of the same digit
F - ADDUCT fingers; FLEX MP and EXTEND IP joints
I - ULNAR NERVE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tendons run towards the AXIS
O - space between the 5 metacarpals
I:
-> 2 outer ones (1 & 4) insert on INDEX and RING fingers on extensor expansions
-> 2 middle ones (2 & 3) insert on each side of the middle finger on expansion
F - ABDUCTION of middle 3 fingers; 2 & 3 also ADDUCT middle finger (tug of war); FLEX MP and EXTEND IP joints |
|
|
Term
| What two main arteries does the hand's blood supply come from? |
|
Definition
| The RADIAL & ULNAR arteries |
|
|
Term
| Which arteries connect the radial and ulnar arteries at the hand? |
|
Definition
| Superficial & Deep Palmar Arches |
|
|
Term
| Superficial vs. Deep Palmar Arch |
|
Definition
Superficial - biggest, most distal; supplied by ulnar artery
Deep - smaller and more proximal; supplied by radial artery |
|
|
Term
| Median Nerve Innervation of the Hand |
|
Definition
| Median nerve enters through carpal tunnel and goes to the LATERAL side (supplies thenar, lateral two lumbricals, and anterior skin of lateral 3 and a half digits) |
|
|
Term
| Ulnar Nerve Innervation of the Hand |
|
Definition
Enters hand medial to ulnar artery OUTSIDE of carpal tunnel.
Supplies hypothenar muscles, medial 2 lumbricals, interossei & adductor pollicis
SUPERFICIAL BRANCH supplies skin of medial palm & DORSUM of hand; also supplies medial one and a half digits |
|
|
Term
| What are the levers (bones) of the upper limb? |
|
Definition
| Clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges |
|
|
Term
| What is the "vertebral" level of the scapula? |
|
Definition
| Located between T2 and T7 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Superior, Lateral (External), Medial (Internal) |
|
|
Term
| What occurs at the junction of the superior and lateral borders of the scapula? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Superior, Inferior, Lateral
Superior = superior & middle borders
Inferior = lateral & middle borders
Lateral = superior & lateral borders |
|
|
Term
| Difference between anatomical vs. surgical neck of humerus? |
|
Definition
Anatomical neck is more proximal to the head, connects head to diaphysis (shaft)
Surgical neck is more distal; weakest point of humerus = most likely to fracture |
|
|
Term
| Relation of greater and lesser tubercles? |
|
Definition
Greater = lateral
Lesser = medial |
|
|
Term
| Curvatures of the clavicle |
|
Definition
Medial = anteriorly convex
Lateral = anteriorly concave |
|
|
Term
| Why is the clavicle S-shaped? |
|
Definition
| For biomechanical reasons - less likely to be fractured; more equal distribution of force |
|
|
Term
| Articular surfaces of clavicle |
|
Definition
Medial - articulates with manubrium; more round
Lateral - articulates with acromion; flatter |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 true joints of the pectoral girdle? |
|
Definition
| Acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, glenohumeral |
|
|
Term
| What is the false joint of the pectoral girdle? |
|
Definition
Scapulothoracic joint - is a physiological (false) joint
Not real because there are no synovial features of the joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Articulation between head of humerus and glenoid fossa
Ball-and-socket joint
Glenoid labrum - fibrocartilage to increase surface area of contact for joint |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the glenoid labrum? |
|
Definition
| Lines the glenoid cavity; increases surface area of contact between the bones in the glenohumeral joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lateral to the clavicle; articulation of clavicle with acromion
Plane joint
Held together by the coracoclavicular ligament; also have coracoacromial ligament (but doesn't enhance stability at all) |
|
|
Term
| Features of the proximal humerus: |
|
Definition
Head, Anatomical & Surgical Neck
Greater/Lesser Tubercles, Bicipital Groove
Deltoid Tuberosity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Medial to the clavicle; proximal clavicle articulates with manubrium
Articular disc between bones allows them to fit better
Held together by sternoclavicular (small) and costoclavicular (large) ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - lateral border of upper 9 ribs
I - anterior, medial border of scapula
F - PROTRACT scapula, rotate fossa UP
I - long thoracic nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - occipital bone down to T12
I - lateral clavicle (upper), scapular spine (middle), tubercle on scapular spine (lower)
F - elevate, rotate up (upper), retract (middle, all), depress, rotate up (lower)
I - CN XI (spinal accessory)
F -
I - |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
False joint (physiological joint)
Anterior surface of scapula to posterior thoracic wall
Allows for a greater range of motion in the arm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
False joint (physiological joint)
Anterior surface of scapula to posterior thoracic wall
Allows for a greater range of motion in the arm |
|
|
Term
| Type of movement in the joints of the pectoral girdle (possible movements)... |
|
Definition
Glenohumeral = circumduction
Acromioclavicular = plane joint (allow small movement in plane of joint)
Sternoclavicular = circumduction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - transverse processes C1-C4
I - upper, medial border of scapula
F - ELEVATE scapula, DEPRESS fossa
I - branches of C3 and C4 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - spinous process C7, T1; ligamentum nuchae
I - middle of medial border of scapula
F - ELEVATE & RETRACT scapula, DEPRESS fossa
I - dorsal scapular (C5) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - spinous process T2-T5
I - inferior medial border of scapula
F - ELEVATE & RETRACT scapula; DEPRESS fossa
I - Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5) |
|
|
Term
| Which muscles attach the axial skeleton to the pectoral girdle? |
|
Definition
| Serratus Anterior, Trapezius, Levator Scapulae, Rhomboids (Major & Minor) |
|
|
Term
| Which muscles can elevate the scapula? |
|
Definition
| Rhomboids, Levator Scapulae, upper fibers of Trapezius |
|
|
Term
| Which muscle lowers (depresses) the scapula? |
|
Definition
| lower fibers of Trapezius |
|
|
Term
| Which muscles rotate the GLENOID FOSSA UP? |
|
Definition
| Serratus anterior, upper & lower fibers of Trapezius |
|
|
Term
| Which muscles PROTRACT the scapula? Which RETRACT it? |
|
Definition
Protract = serratus anterior
Retract = middle & all trapezius, rhomboids |
|
|
Term
| What muscles attach the axial skeleton to the humerus? |
|
Definition
| Pectoralis major, Lat Dorsi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - middle of clavicle (clavicular head), sternum & upper 6 costal cartilages (sternocostal head)
I - LATERAL LIP of bicipital groove
F - ADDUCT, FLEX, and MEDIALLY ROTATE arm
I - lateral (C5,C6) and medial (C8,T1) pectoral nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - ileum, lumbar fascia, sacral, lumbar & lower T vertebrae, lower 3-4 ribs
I - within the groove of the bicipital groove
F - ADDUCT, EXTEND, MEDIALLY rotate arm
I - thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Deep to pec major
O - ribs 3-5
I - coracoid process of scapula
F - stabilize scapula; elevate & protract ribs
I - medial pectoral nerve (C8,T1) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - line spaning the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle, acromion, lateral 1/3 of scapular spine
I - deltoid tuberosity of humerus
F - flex arm (anterior), abduct arm (middle, all), extend arm (posterior)
I - axillary nerve (C5,C6) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Inferior to teres minor
O - inferior, lateral border of scapula (inferior angle)
I - MEDIAL LIP of bicipital groove
F - EXTEND, ADDUCT, MEDIALLY rotate arm
I - Lower subscapular nerve (C5,C6) |
|
|
Term
| What are the rotator cuff muscles? |
|
Definition
| Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - subscapular fossa
I - lesser tubercle
F - MEDIAL rotation, ADDUCTION
I - upper & lower subscapular nerve (C5,C6) |
|
|
Term
| What are the true antagonists to the serratus? |
|
Definition
The rhomboids (major and minor)
Serratus = protraction and rotate fossa up
Rhomboids = retration and rotate fossa down |
|
|
Term
| What is the widest muscle of the back? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - supraspinous fossa
I - top flat spot on greater tubercle
F - ABDUCTION
I - suprascapular nerve (C5,C6) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - infraspinous fossa
I - middle flat spot on greater tubercle
F - LATERAL rotation, weak adductor
I - Suprascapular nerve (C5,C6) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - middle of lateral border of scapula
I - bottom flat spot on greater tubercle of humerus
F - LATERAL rotation
I - axillary nerve (C5,C6) |
|
|
Term
| What structures make up the walls of the axilla? |
|
Definition
Lateral wall = bicipital groove
Medial wall = serratus anterior
Anterior wall = pec muscles (major & minor)
Posterior wall = subscapularis, lat dorsi, teres major |
|
|
Term
| What 3 muscles make up the posterior wall of the axilla? |
|
Definition
| Subscapularis, Lat Dorsi, Teres Major |
|
|
Term
| What does the subclavian artery become as it passes into the axilla? As it leaves? |
|
Definition
| Becomes the AXILLARY ARTERY when entering, becomes the BRACHIAL ARTERY when leaving |
|
|
Term
| What is the inferior most point of the axilla? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the branches of the axillary artery and what walls do they supply? |
|
Definition
Medial Wall (Serratus) = lateral thoracic artery
Anterior Wall (Pec's) = thoracoacromial artery
Posterior Wall (LD, TM, SubS) = subscapular artery |
|
|
Term
| What branch of the axillary artery supplies the deltoids? |
|
Definition
| The posterior humeral circumflex |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the veins that accompany the axillary artery in the axilla and where do they empty into? |
|
Definition
| Venae comitantes; empty into the subclavian vein |
|
|
Term
| Where does the axillary artery travel in relation to the brachial plexus in the axilla? |
|
Definition
| It travels through the "M" portion in the middle of it |
|
|
Term
| What is one of the trunks that branches off the subclavian artery to supply muscles in the area of the axilla? What is its branch? |
|
Definition
The THYROCERVICAL TRUNK
Suprascapular artery branches from the thyrocervical trunk (supplies everything on the posterior scapula - SupS, InfS, TMjr&Min) |
|
|
Term
| What nerve roots form each of the 3 trunks in the brachial plexus? |
|
Definition
Superior Trunk = C5, C6
Middle Trunk = C7
Inferior Trunk = C8, T1 |
|
|
Term
| What anterior divisions form the lateral and medial cords? |
|
Definition
Lateral Cord - unison of the anterior division of the superior and middle trunk
Medial Cord - anterior divison of the inferior trunk |
|
|
Term
| What nerves are the medial and lateral cords continuous with? |
|
Definition
Lateral - Musculocutaneous
Medial - Ulnar |
|
|
Term
| What two nerves does the POSTERIOR CORD branch into? |
|
Definition
| The axillary (C5,C6) and the radial (C5-T1) |
|
|
Term
| What are the two nerves that receive input from all 5 nerve roots? |
|
Definition
| The MEDIAN and the RADIAL nerves |
|
|
Term
| What travels within the axillary sheath? |
|
Definition
| Brachial plexus, the axillary artery and venae comitantes |
|
|
Term
| What is the branch of the lateral cord? |
|
Definition
| The lateral pectoral nerve (C5,C6) |
|
|
Term
| What branches from the posterior cord? |
|
Definition
| The thoracodorsal (C6,C7,C8), and upper & lower subscapular (C5,C6) |
|
|
Term
| What branches from the medial cord? |
|
Definition
| The medial pectoral (C8,T1) and the medial cutaneous nerves (C8,T1) |
|
|
Term
| Where does the suprascapular nerve branch from? |
|
Definition
| The superior trunk; from C5,C6 |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the long thoracic nerve and what muscle does it innervate? |
|
Definition
Long Thoracic = C5,C6,C7
It innervates serratus anterior |
|
|
Term
| What has the greatest contribution to the strength of the glenohumeral joint? |
|
Definition
| The ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES (NOT the coracohumeral ligament) |
|
|
Term
| Why is the glenohumeral joint weak, but mobile? |
|
Definition
| Because the head of the humerus actually articulates very little with the glenoid fossa of the scapula |
|
|
Term
| What prevents upward dislocation of the shoulder? |
|
Definition
| The coracoacromial ligament |
|
|
Term
| What are the rotator cuff muscles also considered to be? |
|
Definition
| DYNAMIC ligaments (great contribution to the strength of the glenohumeral joint) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most easily damaged joint of the 3 true joints in the pectoral girdle? |
|
Definition
| The acromioclavicular joint |
|
|
Term
| What is the common occurrence between what separates the bones in all 3 true joints of the pectoral girdle? |
|
Definition
| They all contain fibrocartilage discs between the articulating bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Split into two segments:
Trochlea - on the MEDIAL aspect; articulates w/ ULNA
Capitulum - on the LATERAL aspect; articulates w/ RADIUS |
|
|
Term
| Where are the epicondyles in relation to the condyle of the distal humerus? |
|
Definition
| They are superior to the condyle |
|
|
Term
| Fossae on the Distal Humerus |
|
Definition
Coronoid Fossa - on the anterior aspect; accomodates projection from ULNA (coronoid process)
Olecranon Fossa - on the posterior aspect; accomodates part of ULNA (olecranon process) |
|
|
Term
| Where is the radial fossa located on the humerus? |
|
Definition
| On the anterior aspect, lateral to the coronoid fossa |
|
|
Term
| Features of the Proximal Radius |
|
Definition
Head - proximal to the elbow; round w/ flat top; articulates w/ CAPITULUM; also articulates w/ radial notch of ulna
Neck - just inferior to head
Radial Tuberosity - site of biceps brachii insertion |
|
|
Term
| Features of the Proximal Ulna |
|
Definition
Olecranon Process - large hook shape; goes into olecranon fossa of humerus
Trochlear Notch - inferior to olecranon, accomodates trochlea of humerus
Coronoid Process - fits into coronoid fossa of humerus
Radial Notch - accomodates for head of radius
Ulnar Tuberosity - on anterior, for insertion of brachialis |
|
|
Term
| What ligament holds the head of the radius into the radial notch of the ulna |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the classification of the elbow joint? |
|
Definition
| Uniaxial, hinge joint (flex/ex only) |
|
|
Term
| What limits the movement of the elbow joint to flexion and extension only? |
|
Definition
| The medial articulation of the trochlear notch of the ulna with the trochlea of the humerus |
|
|
Term
| What are the various articulations that occur @ the elbow? |
|
Definition
Humerus-radius = head of radius articulates w/ capitulum
Humerus-ulna = trochlear notch of ulna articulates w/ trochlea
Radius-ulna = head of radius is held in radial notch of ulna by annular ligament |
|
|
Term
| What specializations exist at the elbow joint? |
|
Definition
| Bursae - small synovial fluid-filled sacs to prevent friction |
|
|
Term
| What are the ligaments at the elbow joint? |
|
Definition
Lateral (Radial) Collateral - from lateral epicondyle to insert around anular ligament (cord shaped)
Medial (Ulnar) Collateral - from medial epicondyle to attach onto ulna (fan-shaped)
Annular Ligament - holds head of radius against radial notch of ulna |
|
|
Term
| What occurs in a dislocated elbow? |
|
Definition
| The head of the radius is released from the annular ligament |
|
|
Term
| What ligaments prevent abduction & adduction at the elbow? |
|
Definition
| The medial and lateral (ulnar & radial) collateral ligaments |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the ANTERIOR compartment of the ARM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What innervates the POSTERIOR compartment of the ARM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - supraglenoid tubercle (long head), coracoid process of scapula (short head)
I - Radial tuberosity of radius; small portion fans out to form radial aponeurosis
F - FLEX and SUPINATE
I - Musculocutaneous (C5,C6,C7) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - distal shaft of humerus
I - Ulnar tuberosity
F - FLEXION @ elbow
I - Musculocutaneous (C5,C6,C7) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - coracoid process of scapula
I - halfway down medial shaft of humerus
F - weak adductor, FLEX arm (@ shoulder)
I - Musculocutaneous (C5-C7) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - infraglenoid tubercle (long), lower part of humerus (medial, which is deep), proximal humerus (lateral, which is superficial)
I - olecranon process of ulna
F - EXTEND @ the elbow
I - Radial Nerve (C5-T1) |
|
|
Term
| What does the brachial artery bifurcate into at the elbow? |
|
Definition
| Radial (lateral) and ulnar (medial) arteries |
|
|
Term
| Superior to the elbow, what are the branches of the brachial artery? |
|
Definition
Profunda Brachii - anastomoses with radial artery inferior to elbow
Superior & Inferior Ulnar Collateral Arteries - anastomose with the ulna to create collateral circulation |
|
|
Term
| What do the ulnar collateral arteries anastomose with? |
|
Definition
| The anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent arteries |
|
|
Term
| Path of the MUSCULOCUTANEOUS nerve at the elbow |
|
Definition
| Branches from LATERAL cord; travels in front of elbow joint OVER the medial epicondyle |
|
|
Term
| Path of MEDIAN nerve at the elbow |
|
Definition
| Descends in close relation to brachial artery on medial aspect of arm; crosses the elbow in FRONT of the medial epicondyle (over epicondyle) |
|
|
Term
| Path of ULNAR nerve at the elbow |
|
Definition
| Formed from the MEDIAL cord of plexus; passes BEHIND the medial epicondyle at elbow (only nerve to do this, makes it most exposed) |
|
|
Term
| Path of RADIAL artery at the elbow |
|
Definition
Passes on posterior humerus along spiral (radial) groove; in close proximity to profunda brachii artery
Pierces fascia at elbow to travel in FRONT of (over) the medial epicondyle at the elbow
Then bifurcates at the elbow (deep + superficial) |
|
|
Term
| Why can we adduct the wrist more than we can abduct it? |
|
Definition
Because of the styloid process of the radius; prevents from excessive abduction of wrist
Styloid process of radius is more distal than styloid process of ulna |
|
|
Term
| Carpal Bones of the wrist |
|
Definition
8 in total (2 rows of 4)
Proximal row (medial to lateral) - pisiform, triquetral, lunate, scaphoid
Distal row (medial to lateral) - hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium |
|
|
Term
| What carpal bones articulate with the radius to form the wrist joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the largest carpal bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between the carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb, and those of metacarpals 2-5? |
|
Definition
| The carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb is a SADDLE joint (allows for flex/ex, and abd/add) |
|
|
Term
| How many phalanges are there in each hand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve travels in close proximity to the brachial artery on the anterior humerus? What nerve travels in close proximity to the profunda brachii artery on the posterior humerus? |
|
Definition
Brachial on anterior = MEDIAN
Profunda on posterior = RADIAL |
|
|
Term
| What is the branch of the profunda brachii that forms an anastomose with the radial recurrent artery? |
|
Definition
| The radial collateral artery |
|
|
Term
| What muscle does the musculocutaneous nerve pierce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the musculocutaneous nerve become as it passes the elbow? |
|
Definition
| The LATERAL CUTANEOUS nerve of the forearm |
|
|
Term
| What joint is important for the movements of supination & pronation? |
|
Definition
| The RADIOULNAR joint (joint w/ head of radius in radial notch of ulna held by annular ligament) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most flexible carpo-metacarpal joint? |
|
Definition
| Joint between the trapezium & metacarpal 1 |
|
|
Term
| Which metacarpal(s) does each of the 4 distal carpal bones articulate with? |
|
Definition
Trapezium = MC 1
Trapezoid = MC 2
Capitate = MC 3
Hamate = MC 4&5 |
|
|
Term
| What is a more colloquial term for the metacarpophalangeal joints? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structure(s) make up the COMMON FLEXOR ORIGIN? |
|
Definition
| CFO = medial epicondyle & medial supracondylar ridge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - CFO
I - halfway down lateral aspect of radius
F - pronate forearm; weak flexor of forearm
I - median nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - CFO
I - bases of metacarpals 2 and 3
F - FLEX and ABDUCT wrist
I - median nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - CFO
I - palmar aponeurosis of the hand
F - weak flexor of the wrist
I - median nerve
Absent in some of the population; those without it are "more evolved" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - CFO
I - pisiform, hamate, base of metacarpal 5
F - FLEX and ADDUCT wrist
I - ulnar nerve |
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Term
| Flexor Digitorum Superficialis |
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Definition
O - line through the CFO, the coronoid process of the ulna, and the oblique line of the radius
I - the MIDDLE PHALANX of each finger (bifurcates here)
I - FLEX wrist, carpo-metacarpal joint, and PIP joint
I - median nerve |
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|
Term
|
Definition
O - radius and IO membrane
I - distal phalanx of the thumb
F - FLEX thumb
I - median nerve |
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|
Term
| Flexor Digitorum Profundus |
|
Definition
O - ulna and IO membrane
I - DISTAL PHALANX of each finger
F - FLEX DIPs, PIPs, MC-P, wrist joints
I - median nerve (lateral 2 fingers), ulnar nerve (medial 2 fingers) |
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Term
|
Definition
O - distal ulna
I - distal radius
F - PRONATION
I - median nerve |
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|
Term
| What are the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment? |
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Definition
| Brachioradialis, ECRL, ECRB, ED, EDM, ECU |
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|
Term
What are the deep muscles of the posterior forearm?
Of these which are the "outcropping muscles"? |
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Definition
Supinator, APL, EPL, EPB, EI
Outcropping = everything except supinator |
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|
Term
| What nerve innervates all of the posterior compartment of the forearm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - lateral epicondyle
I - styloid process of radius
F - FLEX forearm at elbow
I - radial nerve |
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Term
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus |
|
Definition
O - CEO
I - base of 2nd metacarpal
F - EXTEND & ABDUCT wrist
I - radial nerve |
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|
Term
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis |
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Definition
O - CEO
I - base of 3rd metacarpal
F - EXTEND and ABDUCT wrist
I - radial nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
O - CEO
I - dorsal extensor expansions on DISTAL PHALANGES of 4 fingers
F - EXTEND fingers & wrist
I - radial nerve |
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|
Term
| Extensor Digitorum Minimi |
|
Definition
O - medial slip of ED
I - sends 2nd tendon to distal phalanx of pinky
F - EXTEND pinky
I - radial nerve |
|
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Term
|
Definition
O - CEO & posterior proximal ulna
I - base of 5th metacarpal
F - EXTEND and ADDUCT wrist
I - radial nerve |
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|
Term
|
Definition
O - lateral epicondyle and radial notch of ulna
I - runs obliquely to lateral radius
F - SUPINATION
I - radial nerve |
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|
Term
|
Definition
O - ulna, radius, IO membrane
I - base of 1st metacarpal
F - ABDUCT thumb
I - radial nerve |
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|
Term
|
Definition
O - just distal to APL origin (ulna, radius, IO)
I - distal phalanx of thumb
F - extend thumb (long extensor)
I - radial nerve |
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|
Term
|
Definition
O - just deep to APL origin
I - proximal phalanx of thumb
F - extend thumb (short extensor of the thumb)
I - radial nerve |
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|
Term
|
Definition
O - next to EPB origin (deep to APL origin)
I - dorsal extensor expansion of INDEX finger
F - extend index finger
I - radial nerve |
|
|
Term
| What structures do not pass through the carpal tunnel? |
|
Definition
Ulnar Nerve
Ulnar & Radial Arteries
Tendons for FCR and FCU
Tendon for PL |
|
|
Term
| What are the superficial muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the deep muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two portions of the coracoclavicular ligament? |
|
Definition
| Conoid (medial) and trapezoid (lateral) |
|
|
Term
| What is the proximal joint of the forearm? |
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Definition
| Synovial joint between head of radius & radial notch of ulna (held in by annular ligament) |
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|
Term
| What is the the middle joint of the forearm? |
|
Definition
| The IO membrane holding the R and U together |
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|
Term
| What is the distal joint of the forearm? |
|
Definition
It is the head of the ulna in the ulnar notch of the distal radius
Head is held in place by an ARTICULAR DISC; disc attaches styloid process of ulna to distal ulnar notch on radius; disc prevents ulna from taking part in wrist joint |
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|
Term
| Classification of wrist joint? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Bones involved in wrist joint? |
|
Definition
| Distal radius w/ scaphoid & lunate carpals |
|
|
Term
| Ligaments of the Wrist Joint |
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Definition
Medial & Lateral Collateral ligaments which give protection but still allow for add/abd
Palmar and Dorsal Radiocarpal Ligaments strengthen joint capsule |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 groups of muscles in the hand? |
|
Definition
Thenar Muscles
Hypothenar Muscles
Lumbrical Muscles
Interossei & Adductor Pollicis |
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|
Term
| Where do the thenar muscles arise from? |
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Definition
| Swelling @ base of thumb - THENAR EMINENCE (lateral aspect of palm) |
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|
Term
| How many thenar muscles are there? |
|
Definition
| 3 - Abductor Pollicis Brevis, Flexor Pollicis Brevis, Opponens Pollicis |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the thenar muscles? |
|
Definition
| Recurrent branch of MEDIAN nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thenar Muscle
O - scaphoid & flexor retinaculum
I - lateral side of proximal phalanx of the thumb
F - abduct thumb
I - recurrent branch of median nerve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thenar Muscle
O - flexor retinaculum & trapezium
I - lateral sesamoid bone of proximal phalanx
F - FLEX thumb
I - recurrent branch of MEDIAN nerve |
|
|
Term
| What are bones found in tendons called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thenar Muscle - responsible for opposition (touching thumb to each finger)
O - distal flexor retinaculum & trapezium
I - side of metacarpal 1 (thumb)
F - opposition of thumb
I - recurrent branch of median nerve |
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|
Term
| Where do the hypothenar muscles arise from? |
|
Definition
| The HYPOTHENAR eminence (on the medial aspect of the palm) |
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|
Term
| Radial Nerve Innervation of the Hand |
|
Definition
Superficial Radial Nerve enters the BACK OF HAND at the base of the thumb
Supplies skin of LATERAL hand and three and a half digits on the POSTERIOR of the hand (posterior equivalent to median nerve on anterior) |
|
|
Term
| What innervates the lateral 3 and 1/2 digits on the anterior of the hand? On the posterior? |
|
Definition
Anterior = MEDIAN
Posterior = SUPERFICIAL RADIAL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Joint space between the proximal and distal carpals; allows for slight flex/ex |
|
|
Term
| Besides the CM joint of the trapezium and MC1, what are the next most flexible CM joints? |
|
Definition
| Joints between the HAMATE and MC's 4 & 5 (allow for cupping of the hand) |
|
|
Term
| Differences between MC-P Joints |
|
Definition
MC-P joint of the thumb - only permits flex-ex (similar to IP joints)
MC-P joint of other fingers - permits flex-ex and abd-add |
|
|
Term
| What prevents abd/add of the MC-P joints in the fingers during flexion? |
|
Definition
| The COLLATERAL LIGAMENTS of the digits |
|
|
Term
| Where do the superficial veins of the upper limb commence? |
|
Definition
| In the dorsum of the hand as the DORSAL VENOUS ARCH |
|
|
Term
| Which veins arise from the dorsal venous arch? |
|
Definition
Basilic Vein - MEDIAL
Cephalic Vein - LATERAL |
|
|
Term
| Path of CEPHALIC VEIN up the arm |
|
Definition
| Runs laterally along the lateral aspect of the radius; goes deep to deltoid & pec major to empty into the subclavian |
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|
Term
| Path of Basilic Vein in forearm/arm |
|
Definition
| Runs up the medial edge of the forearm along the medial border of the ulna; goes deep to join venae comitantes of the brachial artery |
|
|
Term
| What vein joins the cephalic and basilic veins? |
|
Definition
| The MEDIAN CUBITAL VEIN anterior to the elbow |
|
|
Term
| What is the classification of the "type" of joint of each of the 3 true joints in the pec girdle? |
|
Definition
Glenohumeral = synovial
Acromioclavicular = fibrous
Sternoclavicular = synovial |
|
|
Term
| What muscle does the ulnar nerve pierce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of synovial joint is the wrist (radiocarpal) joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which MC-P joint of the hand is most like an IP joint? |
|
Definition
| MC-P joint 1 (MC 1 w/ proximal phalanx of thumb) |
|
|
Term
| What muscle inserts onto the tubercle of the scapular spine? |
|
Definition
| The lower fibers of the trapezius |
|
|
Term
| What bony process forms the "point" of the shoulder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle originates from the ligamentum nuchae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the apex of the axilla located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the thyrocervical trunk branch from? |
|
Definition
The subclavian artery
NOT THE AXILLARY |
|
|
Term
| What is the strongest LIGAMENT at the shoulder joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tubercles on the radius and ulna serve for insertion of which muscles? |
|
Definition
Radius = BICEPS BRACHII
Ulna = BRACHIALIS |
|
|
Term
| Path of Radial Nerve down the humerus and bifurcation at the elbow... |
|
Definition
| Passes on posterior humerus in concert with profunda brachii artery in the spiral groove, moves through the brachialis and brachioradialis and bifurcates into the SUPERFICIAL (cutaneous) and DEEP (posterior interosseous) branches |
|
|
Term
| Joint capsule of the elbow joint: |
|
Definition
Also incorporates proximo radioulnar joint
Capsule is deep to annular ligament, but attaches to olecranon POSTERIORLY and coronoid process ANTERIORLY |
|
|
Term
| What is typical of all hinge joints in the body? |
|
Definition
| Collateral ligaments surrounding them |
|
|
Term
| Difference in functions of synovial and fibrous sheaths in the fingers? |
|
Definition
Synovial - reduce friction (deep)
Fibrous - prevent bow-stringing (superficial) |
|
|
Term
| Difference in supination function of the supinator vs. biceps brachii? |
|
Definition
Supinator = LOW resistance supination
Biceps Brachii = HIGH resistance supination |
|
|
Term
| Structures passing through cubital fossa (medial to lateral) |
|
Definition
| Median nerve, brachial artery, biceps tendon |
|
|
Term
| What pierces the supinator? |
|
Definition
| The posterior IO branch of the radial nerve |
|
|
Term
| Branches of the ULNAR ARTERY |
|
Definition
| Near its origin, gives rise to the common IO artery, which splits into anterior and posterior IO arteries (supply deep muscles of the compartments) |
|
|
Term
| What is the main difference between the distal radioulnar and the distal tibiofibular joints? |
|
Definition
Radioulnar = SYNOVIAL
Tibiofibular = FIBROUS |
|
|
Term
| What articulates with the triquetral at the wrist joint? |
|
Definition
| Articular disc of distal radioulnar joint |
|
|
Term
| What muscle inserts onto each of the sesamoid bones on the proximal phalanx of the thumb? |
|
Definition
Medial bone = ADDUCTOR POLLICIS
Lateral bone = FLEXOR POLLICIS BREVIS |
|
|
Term
| Which branch of the median nerve does cutaneous innervation of the hand? |
|
Definition
| The SUPERFICIAL BRANCH supplies skin on the palmar aspect of the lateral 3 and 1/2 digits |
|
|
Term
| What joints does the transverse ligament of the palm cover? |
|
Definition
| The metacarpophalangeal joints |
|
|
Term
| When do the collateral ligaments of the MCP joints tighten? |
|
Definition
| Tighten during flexion - therefore cannot abduct/adduct in the flexed position |
|
|
Term
| FCR equivalent in lower limb? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FCU equivalent in lower limb? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adduction = ? in lower limb |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Abduction = ? in lower limb |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ECU equivalent in lower limb? |
|
Definition
| Peronerus tertius (dorsiflex = extend) |
|
|
Term
| ECRL/B equivalent in lower limb? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Radial, ulnar, and median nerve equivalents in lower limb (in forearm) |
|
Definition
Radial = deep peroneal
Ulnar = superficial peroneal
Median = tibial |
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