Term
pelvic girdle:
bones?
function? |
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Definition
2 coxal bones
support of internal (visceral) organs / attachment of axial skeleton to lower limb |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
anterior superior iliac spine
iliac crest terminates anteriorly |
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Term
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Definition
superior margin of pelvic ilium
attachment of ligaments |
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Term
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Definition
Posterior Superior Iliac Spine
iliac crest ends posteriorly |
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Term
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Definition
| PSIS ligament attachment to skin creates dimples at lower back |
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Term
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Definition
posterior inferior iliac spine
along inferior border of iliac |
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Term
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Definition
anterior inferior iliac spine
along inferior border of iliac |
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Term
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Definition
posterior to ischium
sciatic nerve runs thru here |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior surface, divides upper / lower pelvis |
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Term
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Definition
anterior / medial surface
concave, supports abdominal organs / muscle attachment |
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Term
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Definition
medium size
posterior/inferior
strongest |
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Term
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Definition
| posterior / inferior to > sciatic notch (forms small foramen) |
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Term
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Definition
| prominence separating <(below) > (above) sciatic notches |
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Term
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Definition
large, bony prominence inferior
"sit bones" |
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Term
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Definition
| branch projecting anteriorly joining with inferior ramus of pubis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
flattened dorsally
articulates with other coxal bone |
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Term
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Definition
| extend laterally from body |
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Term
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Definition
| fibrous cartilage (symphysis joint) connecting pubis of each coxal bone |
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Term
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Definition
| rounded prominence, superior surface of superior ramus |
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Term
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Definition
| lateral end of pubic crest |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| encircled by ischial / pubic rami |
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Term
acetabulum
what articulates here? |
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Definition
foramen created from all 3 bones, lateral side of coxal bones
-head of humerus articulates here |
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Term
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Definition
longest bone in body
"thigh bone"
3x length = body height |
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Term
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Definition
| articulates with acetabulum |
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Term
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Definition
| pit on head, containing ligament attaching to acetabulum |
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Term
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Definition
| joints shaft and head at approx. 125 degrees |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inferior / medial to greater trochanter |
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Term
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Definition
| connects <> trochanters (anterior view) |
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Term
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Definition
muscle attachment site
posterior / lateral |
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Term
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Definition
| smooth anteriorly / rough posteriorly |
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Term
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Definition
| broad, rough line on posterior surface |
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Term
| medial / lateral supracondylar ridges |
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Definition
| project from linea aspera (triangle shape formed) |
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Term
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Definition
| made from medial / lateral supracondyle rigdes, containing poplitea fossa |
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Term
| medial / lateral condyles |
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Definition
| distal end / articulates with proximal head of TIBIA |
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Term
| Medial / lateral epicondyles of the femur |
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Definition
| bony prominence on outer surface of condyles (ligament attachment) |
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Term
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Definition
| separates condyles on posterior surace |
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Term
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Definition
| v-shaped trench, articulates with platella |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
leg
how many bones?
which bone is weight bearing? |
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Definition
tibia / fibula
tibia = weight bearing (therefore larger)
fibula = small, non-weight bearing, lateral |
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Term
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Definition
| shin bone, weight bearing |
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Term
medial / lateral condyles of tibia
which end?
articulations? |
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Definition
proximal end
interact with med/lat condyles of FEMUR |
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Term
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Definition
| ridge separating med / lateral condyles |
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Term
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Definition
| prominence on ANTERIOR surface |
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Term
| anterior border (margin) of tibia |
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Definition
| originates from tibial tuberosity, extends distally |
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Term
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Definition
| lateral aspect of tibia, connects to shaft of fibula via interosseous membrane |
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Term
popliteal (soleal) line
mechanism? |
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Definition
ridge on PROXIMAL / POSTERIOR surface
mechanism --> attachment site for muscles |
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Term
medial malleolus
location?
forms? |
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Definition
located medial distal end of tibia
forms medial wall of ankle bone |
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Term
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Definition
deep triangular notch
lateral distal end, where head of fibula attaches |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
head of fibula
articulates with? |
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Definition
expansion of proximal shaft
interacts with lateral tibial condyle |
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Term
tibiofibular joint
location? |
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Definition
where tibia / fibula join
lateral tibial condyle / head of fibula |
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Term
shaft of fibula
shape?
articulations? |
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Definition
triangle shape
connects to tibial interosseous line of tibia via interosseous membrane |
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Term
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Definition
distal expansion of fibula shaft
lateral ankle wall |
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Term
how many....
tarsals?
metatarsals?
phalanges? |
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Definition
tarsals = 7
metatarsals = 5
phalanges = 14 |
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Term
| how many bones are in the vertebral column? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many cervical vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many thoracic vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many lumbar vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many bones is the sacrum fused? |
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Definition
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Term
| how many bones in the coccyx? |
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Definition
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Term
| which spinal curves are primary? |
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Definition
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Term
| which spinal cords are secondary? |
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Definition
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Term
| what differs in spinous processes b/w thoracic vertebrae and other vertebrae? |
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Definition
| thoracic spinous processes extend posteriorly, where the others extend inferiorly |
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Term
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Definition
| articulates with the vertebral body |
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Term
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Definition
| extend dorsomedially from the body |
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Term
| what is a spinous process? |
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Definition
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Term
| transverse process of vertebrae |
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Definition
| where pedicle / laminae meet |
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Term
| articular processes of vertebrae |
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Definition
| super articulates with inferior above it / vice versa |
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Term
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Definition
| large foramen, where spinal cord runs |
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Term
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Definition
| nerves / vessels pass through (notches in vertebra form openings) |
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Term
| what is special about C1 and C2? |
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Definition
C1 (atlas) - articulates with occipital condyles of occipital bone
C2 (axis) - articulates with C1 via ondontoid process (provides rotation of the head) |
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Term
| where do you find bifid spinous processes? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do thoracic vertebrae articulate with? how? |
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Definition
| ribs via articular facets / demifacets |
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Term
| what shape is the foramen in a lumbar vertabrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the sacral promontory? |
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Definition
| 1st vertebrae of sacrum with wide ridge |
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Term
| what is the sacral canal? |
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Definition
| where spinal cord passes thru |
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Term
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Definition
| bottom opening of sacral canal |
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Term
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Definition
| follows midline of sacrum, bone ridge where spinous processes would be |
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Term
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Definition
| fibrous cartilage (plane joint) where one body articulates with another body |
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Term
| what is the function of the thoracic cage? |
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Definition
-supports / protects thoracic organs (i.e. lungs, heart)
-aids in breath mechanics (increases lung volume) |
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Term
how many pairs of ribs are there?
true?
false?
floating? |
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Definition
12 ribs
1-7 true ribs
8-12 false ribs
11-12 floating ribs |
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Term
| which ribs are ATYPICAL? why? |
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Definition
1 --> short, flat, not seen externally
2 --> increased angle
11/12 --> shorter, different curves, no neck / tubercle |
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Term
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Definition
| created by false ribs cartilage towards the xiphoid process |
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Term
| what is the costal margin? |
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Definition
| lower edge of chest, formed by bottom edge of ribcage |
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Term
| what does the costal groove contain? |
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Definition
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Term
| what 3 parts are the sternum made of? |
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Definition
| manubrium, body, xiphoid process |
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Term
manubrium
articulations?
notches? |
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Definition
superior portion of sternum (sternal angle = body + manubrium meet)
articulates with clavicle via CLAVICULAR NOTCHES
jugular notch = where vein sits (superior) |
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Term
| what does the body of the sternum articulate with? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
interior / posterior projection of sternum
xiphisternal junction = rib 7 connects with stern / xiphoid |
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Term
| how many intercostals are there? |
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Definition
| 3 - innermost, internal, external |
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Term
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Definition
| crosses inner surface of ribcage, covered by pleural membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| b/w internal / innermost intercostals, where costal groove sits |
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Term
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Definition
| run posterior/superior to anterior/inferior |
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Term
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Definition
| run posterior/inferior to anterior/superior |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bands of fibrous tissue dividing rectus abdominis into segments |
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Term
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Definition
| ligament connecting opposing sides of rectus abdominis |
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Term
| what does the muscular thoracic diaphragm do? |
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Definition
-separates abdominal / thoracic cavities
-aids in breathing mechanics (contraction increases pleural volume) |
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Term
| what is the pelvic girdle made up of? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
s-shaped bone
sternal end = more robust, articulates with sternum
acromial end = flattened, articulates with acromion of the scapula |
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Term
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Definition
| where clavicle articulates with manubrium |
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Term
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Definition
| triangular shaped bone (shoulder blade) |
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Term
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Definition
| medial, superior, lateral |
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Term
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Definition
| inferior, superior, lateral |
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Term
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Definition
on anterior surface of scapula
-rotator cuff origin |
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Term
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Definition
hook-like projection on superior border, lateral side of scapula
-muscle attachment (pectoralis major) |
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Term
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Definition
projection of spine on lateral / posterior end
-articulates with clavicle |
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Term
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Definition
| located above the spine of scapula, on posterior side |
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Term
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Definition
| located below spine of scapula on posterior side |
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Term
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Definition
| articulates with glenoid fossa of scapula |
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Term
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Definition
| proximal / lateral end, bony prominence for muscle origin / insertion (on humerus) |
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Term
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Definition
| proximal / medial / anterior end, smaller bony prominence for rotator cuff insertion |
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Term
| intertubercular (bicipital) groove |
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Definition
goes to shaft of humerus
- contains 3 facets: superior, medial, inferior |
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Term
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Definition
| mid-shaft, where deltoid muscle inserts |
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Term
| medial / lateral condyles of humerus |
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Definition
-nerve runs under medial condyle
-articulate with radius / ulna |
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Term
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Definition
pulley-shaped prominence that extends posteriorly
-articulates with ulna |
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Term
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Definition
| projects anteriorly / inferiorly, articulates with head of radius |
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Term
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Definition
| superior to trochlea, articulates with coronoid process of ulna upon flexion |
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Term
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Definition
| posterior fossa, articulates with olecranon process of ulna |
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Term
| is the radius medial or lateral forearm bone? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| articulates with capitulum of humerus |
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Term
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Definition
articulates with ulna
medial to styloid process |
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Term
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Definition
| articulates with olecranon fossa of humerus |
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Term
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Definition
| articulates with coronoid fossa of humerus in flexion |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
supination - elbows bent, palms up
pronation - elbows bent, palms down |
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Term
how many...
carpals?
metacarpals?
phalanges? |
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Definition
carpals - 8
metacarpals - 5
phalanges - 14 |
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Term
| what restricts ABduction of the wrist? |
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Definition
| styloid process of radius |
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Term
pectoralis minor
insert?
origin?
action? |
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Definition
origin - ribs 3-5
insertion - Coracoid process
action - down / forward rib movement |
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Term
serratus anterior
origin?
insert?
action? |
|
Definition
origin - 8 upper ribs
insert - anterior surface of medial scapula border
action - protraction |
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Term
trapezius
origin
insert
action |
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Definition
origin - occipital bone / T12
insert - higher fibers: acromion / clavicle, middle: spine of scapula, lower: spine of scapula
action - higher: protraction / elevation. middle: retraction / depression, lower: retraction |
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Term
rhomboid major
origin
insert
action |
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Definition
origin - upper T vertebrae
insert - medial border, below spine of scapula
action - |
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Term
rhomboid minor
origin
insert
action |
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Definition
origin - C7-T1
insert - medial border, base of spine of scapula |
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Term
levator scapulae
origin
insert
action |
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Definition
origin - cervical vertibrae
insert - medial border above spine of scapula
action - elevates scapula |
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Term
pectoralis major
origin
insertion
action |
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Definition
origin - clavicle / costal cartilage / sternum
insert - lateral side of bicipital groove
action - ADduction, flexion, extention |
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Term
latissimus dorsi
origin
insert
action |
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Definition
origin - pelvic girdle / L vertebrae / lower T vertebrae, lower 3-4 ribs
insert - bicipital groove
action - arm extension / medial rotation / ADduction |
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Term
deltoid
origin
insert
action |
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Definition
origin - acromion / clavicle / spine of scapula
insert - deltoid tuberosity
action - ABduction, anterior: flexion / medial rotation, posterior: extension / lateral rotation |
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Term
terres major
origin
insert
action |
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Definition
origin - lower lateral border of scapula spine
insert - bicipital groove
action - medial rotation / extension / ADduction |
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Term
terres minor
origin
insert
action |
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Definition
origin - same as major (lateral border)
insert - greater tubercle
action - same as major |
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Term
infraspinatus
origin
insert
action |
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Definition
origin - infraspinous fossa
insert - greater tubercle
action - lateral rotation |
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Term
supraspinatus
origin
insert
action |
|
Definition
origin - supraspinous fossa
insert - greater tubercle
action - ABduction |
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Term
subscapularis
origin
insert
action |
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Definition
origin - subscapular fossa
insert - lesser tubercle |
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Term
corobrachiallis
origin
insert
action / oddity |
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Definition
origin - coracoid process
insert - 1/2 way down humerus
action - humerus contraction
oddity - no forearm flexion, but within comparment |
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Term
biceps brachii
origin
insert
action |
|
Definition
origin - long head: glenoid fossa (tendon thru bicipital groove), short head: coracoid process
insert: radial tiberosity
action - flexor in supination / supinator |
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Term
brachailis
origin
insert
action |
|
Definition
origin - lower anterior shaft of humerus
insert - insert @ ulna (tendon crosses elbow)
action - elbow flexion |
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Term
triceps brachii
origin
insert
action |
|
Definition
origin: long head: glenoid fossa, lateral: proximal shaft of humerus, medial: from proximal humerus shaft (lower)
insert - olecranon of ulna (crosses elbow joint)
action - forearm extensor |
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Term
pronator quadratus
origin
insert
action |
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Definition
origin - ulna
insert - radius
action - forearm pronation |
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Term
pronator terres
origin
insert
action |
|
Definition
origin - medial epicondyle of humerus
insert - lateral radial surface
action - forearm pronation |
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Term
|
Definition
origin - lateral side of humerus
insert - radius |
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Term
flexor carpi radialis
origin
insert
action / finger |
|
Definition
origin - medial epicondyle
insert - 2, 3 metacarpals
action - ABduction
finger - index |
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Term
pronator teres
origin
insert
action / finger |
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Definition
origin - medial epicondyle
insert - styloid process of radius
oddity - does not cross wrist joint
finger - thumb |
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Term
palmaris longus
origin
insert
action / finger |
|
Definition
origin - medial epicondyle
insert - thick skin of palm
action - weak hand flexor
finger - ring
**MAY BE ABSENT |
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Term
flexor carpi ulnaris
origin
insert
action / finger |
|
Definition
origin - medial epicondyle
insert- 5th metacarpal / carpal bone
action - wrist ADduction |
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Term
flexor digitorum superficialis
origin
insert
action / finger |
|
Definition
origin - medial epicondyle
insert - 1 tendon to every finger
action - finger flexor
finger- middle (deep to ring) |
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Term
flexor retinaculum
muscle type
action |
|
Definition
circular muscle enclosing wrist tendons
action - holds tendons / muscles in place as they cross wrist joint |
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Term
brachioradialis
origin
insertion
action |
|
Definition
origin - lateral epicondyle
insert - styloid process of radius
action - flexes forearm (oddity) |
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Term
extensor carpi radialis longus
origin
insert
action |
|
Definition
origin - lateral epicondyle
insert - 2nd metacarpal
action - extends wrist / ABduction |
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Term
extensor carpi radialis brevis
origin
insert
action |
|
Definition
origin - lateral epicondyle
insert - 3rd metacarpal
action - wrist extension / ABduction |
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|
Term
extensor digitorum
origin
insert
action |
|
Definition
origin - lateral epicondyle
insert - 4 tendons 1/finger
action - extends finger |
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|
Term
extensor digitorum minimi
origin
insert
action |
|
Definition
origin - lateral condyle
insert - pinky finger
action - extension |
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|
Term
extensor carpi ulnaris
origin
insert
action |
|
Definition
origin - lateral epicondyly
insert - pinky metacarpal
action - extension / ADduction |
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|
Term
|
Definition
origin - external surface of ilium / sacrum / coccyx
insert - deep: gluteal tuberosity, superficial: iliotibial tract
action - extends thigh @ hip / lateral hip rotation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
origin - upper/middle portion of ilium
insert - greater trochanter
action - thigh ABduction (at hip) / medial rotation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
origin - ileum (deep to medius)
insert - greater trochanter
action - ABduction / medial hip rotation |
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Term
|
Definition
origin - ASIS
insert - iliotibial tract
action - support leg when standing
oddity - not lateral, superficial |
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|
Term
| what are the parts of the iliopsoas? what is the collective function? |
|
Definition
psoas major - long, thick, powerful
-origin @ T12-L5, insert @ LESSER trochanter
iliacus - lateral to major
-origin @ anterior surface of ilium, inserts @ lesser trochanter
function - powerful thigh flexors / hip joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
shape - long, narrow, strap-like
origin- ASIS
insert - medial side of knee
action - "crossing leg" muscle |
|
|
Term
| how many muscles are in the quadriceps femoris? what are they? what do they all have in common? |
|
Definition
4
rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius
all insert at the platella |
|
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Term
|
Definition
quad muscle
origin - ASIS
insert - platella
action - "kicking" muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin - linea aspera
insert - platella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin - linea aspera of > trochanter
insert - platella
**ligaments converge with medialis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin - anterior surface of femur
insert - platella
**deep to other quad muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin - ischeal tuberosity
3 muscles, 4 heads:
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin - long: ischeal tuberosity, short: linea aspera
insert - head of fibula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin - ischeal tuberosity
insert - medial side of tibia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin - ischeal tuberosity
insert - medial side of tibia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin - pubic bone
insert - medial part of tibial surface
action - medial rotation, moves leg at knee |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin - pubic bone
insert - back of femur, below lesser trochanter
action - flexes thigh @ hip |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin - pubis
insert - linea aspera, below pectineus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin - pubis
insert - linea aspera |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin - pubis
insert - linea aspera, tubercle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin - lateral condyle of tibia / proximal tibial shaft / interosseous membrane
insert - medial side of top of foot
action - foot inversion, flexion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin - anterior fibular surface, deep to tibialis anterior
insert - medial phalange
action - weak dorsiflexion |
|
|
Term
| extensor digitorum longus |
|
Definition
origin - upper fibula / interosseous membrane / lateral condyle of tibia
insert - 4 tendons, 1/lateral phalange
action - extends toes / dorsiflexion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin - lower 1/3 of anterior fibular surface / interosseous membrane
insert - dorsal surface of 5th metatarsal
action - dorsiflexion / foot eversion |
|
|
Term
extensor retinaculum
function? |
|
Definition
| holds tendons / muscles of anterior leg down as they cross the ankle joint |
|
|
Term
| peroneus (fibularis) longus |
|
Definition
origin - upper 2/3 lateral fibular surface
insert - medial side of bottom of foot
action - everts foot / aids in plantar flexion |
|
|
Term
| peroneus (fibularis) brevis |
|
Definition
origin - upper 2/3 lateral fibular surface
insert - lateral sie of base 5th metatarsal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origin - 2 heads: lateral / medial condyle of femur
insert - converge to form calcaneus (Achilles) tendon, inserting @ posterior heel surface
action - plantar flexion / knee flexion |
|
|
Term
Achilles tendon
other name
which muscle forms it? |
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Definition
calcaneus tendon
gastrocnemius |
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Term
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Definition
origin - posterior tibular / fibular surface
insert - converge with calcaneus tendon
action - plantar flexion |
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Term
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Definition
origin - above lateral condyle of femur
insert - posterior surface of calcaneus
action - flexion of leg @ knee / plantar flexion |
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Term
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Definition
origin - interosseous membrane, adjacent tib/fib shafts
insert - bottom of foot into medial tarsals
action - plantar flexion, foot inversion |
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Term
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Definition
origin - posterior surface of tibia
insert - lateral side of lateral condyle (femur)
action - lateral rotation, leg flexion (@ knee), unlocking of knee |
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Term
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Definition
origin - lower 2/3 posterior tibial surface / interosseus membrane
insert - distal part of medial phalange
action - phalange flexion, plantar flexion, foot inversion |
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Term
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Definition
origin - posterior tibial surface / interosseous membrane
insert - 1 tendon crosses heel, 4 tendons (1/lateral phalange) |
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