Term
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Definition
| an acute, life-threatening allergic reaction involving multiple organ systems |
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Term
How often does anaphylaxis occur?
How many people die from anaphylaxis annually? |
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Definition
10-20 per 100,000 per year
1500 deaths/year in the USA
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Term
| What % of the US population may be at risk for anaphylactic reactions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the most commonly reported drug related anaphylaxis or anaphylactoid reactions? |
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Definition
| ASA, NSAIDs, PCNs, Insulins |
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Term
| What are the 4 main classifications of anaphylaxis manifestations? |
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Definition
1. Skin (flushing, pruritis, urticaria, angioedema)
2. Respiratory (SOB, dysphagia, dyspnea, dysphonia, etc)
3. GI (nausea, cramping abdominal p, vomiting, diarrhea)
4. CV (hypotension, syncope, alt. mental status, chest p) |
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Term
| What are the 3 criteria that determine if anaphylaxis is likely? |
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Definition
1. Acute onset (min->several h) with involvement of skin, mucosal tissue, both (ex: generalized hives, pruritis or flushing, swelling lips/tongue/uvula) AND at least one of the following:
- respiratory compromise (dyspnea, wheeze/ bronchospam, stridor, reduced PEF, hypoxemia)
- reduced BP or associated symptoms of end-organ dysfunction (hypotonia, syncope, incontinence) |
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Term
What are the 3 criteria that determine if anaphylaxis is likely?
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Definition
2. Two or more of the following that occur rapidly after exposure to a likely allergen (minutes to several hours):
- involvement of skin/mucosal tissue
- respiratory compromise
- reduced BP or associated symptoms
- persistent GI symptoms (crampy abp, vomitting) |
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Term
What are the 3 criteria that determine if anaphylaxis is likely?
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Definition
| 3. Reduced BP after exposure to known allergen (minutes to several hours) |
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Term
| What is the general onset of anaphylactic reactions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a "late-phase" reaction and when is it likely to occur? |
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Definition
recurrence of anaphylaxis after aparent recovery
6-8h after exposure |
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Term
| How does anaphylaxis cause fatality? |
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Definition
asphyxia due to airway obstruction either at the larynx or in the lungs
may lead to secondary cardiovascular collapse (or cardiovascular collapse may be the dominant mainfestation) |
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Term
| What are lymphoid cells derived from the bone marrow that mediate humoral immunity through the formation of antibodies? |
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Definition
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Term
| lymphoid cells from the thymus that mediate cellular immunity and can modify humoral immunity. The main subclasses of these are CD4 helper cells and CD8 cytotoxic cells |
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Definition
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Term
| a family of cytoplasmic proteins that bind to the immunosuppressant cyclosporine, tacrolimus, and sirolimus and assist these drugs in inhibiting T- and B-cell function |
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Definition
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Term
Which cells are activated and instigate cell-mediated immunity?
humoral immunity? |
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Definition
T-lymphocytes
B lymphocytes |
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