Term
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Definition
Disease: Tetanus Characteristics: - Anaerobic gram + spore-forming rods
- "tennis racket"
Habitat and Transmission: Soil. Infection through breaks in skin Pathogenesis: - Germination in anaerobic conditions in wound
- Exotoxin
- blocks release of inhibitory neurotransmitters
- excitatory neurtons are unopposed
- Extreme muscle spasm results
- Lock jaw and risus sardonicus (grimmace)
- opisthotonos (arching of back)
Lab Dx: Clinical Dx Tx: IV IgG Prevention: Tetanus toxoid vaccine (conjugated) |
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Term
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Definition
Disease: botulism Characteristics: - Anaerobic gram + spore-forming rods
Habitat and Transmission: Soil. Transmitted in improperly preserved food. Pathogenesis: - Botulinum toxin is a protease that results in inhibition of Ach release at myoneural jct.
- Flaccid Paralysis
- toxin is heat labile
Lab Dx: Presence of toxin in serum or stool or in food. Tx: Antitoxin to types A, B, and E Prevention: Proper cooking.
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Term
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Definition
Diseases: Gas gangrene Characteristics: - Anaerobic gram + spore-forming rods
Habitat and Transmission: Soil. Vegetative cells are members of the normal flora of the colon and vagina. associated with war wounds, motor vehicle accidents and septic abortions. Pathogenesis: - Alpha toxin
- damages cell membranes and leads to hemoysis.
Clinical Findings: - Pain, edema, and cellulitis in wound area.
- Crepitation indicates the presence of gas in tissues.
- Hemolysis and jaundice
- Blood-tinged exudates
Lab Dx: - Large gram + rods.
- double zone of hemolysis on blood agar
Tx: Penicillin G
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Term
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Definition
Disease: Food Poisoning Characteristics: See other card Habitat and Transmission: contaminated food Pathogenesis: - Member of nrl flora of colon but NOT small intestine
- enterotoxin acts as a superantigen (like S. aureus)
Clinical Features: - 8-16 hr incubation
- watery diarrhea, cramps and little vomiting
- resolves in 24 hrs
Lab Dx: None Tx: Symptomatic treatment
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Term
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Definition
Disease: Pseudomembranous colitis Characteristics: - Anaerobic gram + spore-forming rods
Habitat and Transmission: Human colon. Fecal-oral transmission. Pathogenesis: - Antibiotics suppress the normal flora allowing C. difficile to over grow.
- Exotoxins A and B inhibit signal transduction and depolymerize actin.
- Leads to apoptosis and death.
- pseudomembranes seen in colon are visual result of enterocyte death
Lab Dx: Exotoxin detected in stool by cytopatheic effect on cultured cells. Tx: Metronidazole. Stop causative antibiotic Prevention: None
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Term
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Definition
Diseases: Sepsis, peritonitis and abdominal abscess DZ Below the Diaphram
Characteristics: Anaerobic gram-negative rods Habitat and transmission: colon. Transmission by spread from the colon to the blood or peritoneum. Pathogenesis: - LPS is different and less potent than typical LPS
- No exotoxins
- Antiphagocytic capsule
- At risk: bowel surgery and abdominal wounds
Lab Dx: - Gram Negatvive and anaerobic culture.
Tx: Metronidazole, clindamycin and cefoxitin. Drain abcesses Prevention: Pre-op antibiotics
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Term
Prevotella melaninogenica |
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Definition
Disease: Disease Above the Waist, abscess Characteristics: BLACK -Melanin |
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Term
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Definition
Gram Negative rod. Found in mouth. anaerobic. cause periodontal infections like gingivitis and dental abscesses.BLACK |
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