Term
| What is the MarkeTrak survey? |
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Definition
| Survey that gives information about patients and their feelings about HAs and consumer feedback |
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Term
| What is the relationship between self-reported hearing loss, age, and hearing aid penetration? |
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Definition
| As people get older, they are more likely to acknowledge their loss and are more likely to use hearing aids |
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Term
| Hearing loss tx shown to improve... |
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Definition
1. earning power
2. communication
3. intimacy/warmth in family relationships
4. emotional stability
5. sense of control |
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Term
| Hearing loss tx shown to reduce... |
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Definition
1. discrimination due to hearing loss
2. negative compensatory behaviors
3. anger and frustration in relationships
4. feelings of paranoia
5. anxiety |
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Term
| What does "in-the-drawer rate" refer to and how has it changed over the years? |
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Definition
1. ITDR refers to those who own HAs but do not use them
2. ITDR has decreased from 12% in 2008 to 3% in 2015 |
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Term
| What are the reasons people do not use HAs? |
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Definition
1. type of loss
2. financial
3. need
4. attitude towards HAs
5. knowledge
6. stigma |
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Term
| When are HA users more satisfied? |
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Definition
1. one-on-one
2. small groups
3. TV
4. outdoors
5. leisure activities |
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Term
| When are HA users least satisfied? |
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Definition
1. school
2. work
3. place of worship
4. large groups
5. sporting events |
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Term
| What is motivational interviewing? |
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Definition
| counseling style for eliciting behavior change by helping clients explore and resolve ambivalence. |
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Term
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Definition
| bedside manner is more important to client than our knowledge! |
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Term
| Habit 1: Invest in Beginning |
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Definition
1. create rapport quickly
2. elicit patient's concerns
3. plan the visit with the patient |
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Term
| Habit 2: Elicit the patient's perspective |
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Definition
1. ask for patient's ideas
2. elicit specific requests
3. explore impact of loss in patient's life |
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Term
| Habit 3: Demonstrate empathy |
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Definition
1. be open to patient's emotions
2. make at least one emphatic statement
3. convey empathy nonverbally
4. be aware of your own emotions |
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Term
| Habit 4: Invest in the End |
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Definition
1. deliver diagnostic information
2. provide education
3. involve patient in making decisions
4. complete the visit |
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Term
| Relationship between satisfaction and age of HA? |
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Definition
| Patient becomes less satisfied in listening situations when their HA is more than 5 years old |
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Term
| How does age factor into the relationship between hearing difficulty and HA adoption? |
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Definition
| Old groups are more likely to adopt HAs and that they report higher hearing difficulty |
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Term
| Key factors that distinguish satisfied and non-satisfied respondents |
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Definition
1. sound quality
2. enhanced features
3. value |
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Term
| How is vocal effort related to SPL of speech? |
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Definition
1. soft: 50-55 SPL
2. normal: 60-65 SPL
3. loud: 75-85 SPL |
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Term
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Definition
| vocal effort required for its production rather than being based on perceived sound level |
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Term
| What is the dynamic range for LTASS at a single vocal effort (normal vocal effort)? |
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Definition
A. 30dB
B. 12+dB maxima, -18dB minima |
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Term
| What is the spectral level and how does it relate to 3rd octave and octave bandwidths? |
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Definition
| Recall that an octave has a wider frequency bandwith than one-third octave and the latter has a wider frequency bandwidth than spectral level when we are comparing a sound with the same center frequency. |
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Term
| What does the Articulation Index/Audibility Index (AI) allow us to do? |
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Definition
| helps us predict the proportion of speech that is audible to listener with hearing loss |
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Term
| How does band importance functions change as we increase or decrease context of speech materials? |
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Definition
| As context decrease, higher frequencies have more weight; as context increases, lower-frequencies have more weight |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How does AI relate to different speech materials? |
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Definition
| When a speech material has more context, the AI increases and % correct increases quicker than those with less context |
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Term
| Amplitude envelope and fine structure |
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Definition
| An amplitude envelope highlights general outline of speech sound (average of peaks); fine structure looks at all parts of a sound (not general) |
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Term
| Approximate duration of phonemes, syllables, and sentences |
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Definition
1. phonemes (50-120ms)
2. syllables (200-400ms)
3. sentences (2-6s) |
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Term
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Definition
| how large of a change in amplitude is there from the maxima to the minima |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| time required for a signal to decrease in a level by 60dB after its onset |
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Term
| How do reverb and noise affect waveform? |
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Definition
| The longer the reverb time, the more modulation depth is filled in. Noise fills in valleys so lowest portions of speech are masked |
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Term
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Definition
| How much you need to increase speech over noise to understand; how much to decrease noise over speech to understand |
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Term
| How does speech output relate to background noise? |
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Definition
| Not one-to-one ratio. The more intense the background noise, the less favorable the SNR despite raised vocal effort. |
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Term
| How does STI differ from AI? |
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Definition
| Has different weightings and incorporates transfer function |
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Term
| Why would STI be used over AI? |
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Definition
| takes into account reverb and distance and how noise can affect transmission of speech information |
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Term
| What is the name of the clinical AI procedure developed by Mueller and Killion? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Make square for 20-50dB and 500-4000Hz.
2. Mark thresholds within this range.
3. Count amount from threshold to 50 for each freq and add all freqs together
4. Take this over 120 to get your AI. |
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Term
| Speech banana with symbols |
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Definition
| can tell patient that banana is where we hear our speech sounds |
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Term
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Definition
| can give patient idea of how much speech they are able/or not able to hear (client like percentages!) |
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Term
| How do manufacturers of HAs and/or probe-microphone equipment integrate clinical methods for audiogram-based counseling and AI into their software? |
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Definition
1. SPL-o-gram can show how thresholds compare to speech banana
2. measure speech spectrum into patient's ear canal (carrot passage)
3. can use family member's voices/live speech |
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Term
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Definition
| finding LDLs helps up find the best MPO level (so loud sounds are loud, but not too loud) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How are LDL & MPO related |
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Definition
| If LDL is set at a reasonable level, MPO should be fine |
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Term
| Can we accurately predict LDLs from hearing thresholds using average data? if yes, how? If no, why not? |
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Definition
| No because there is such a wide range of LDLs for each of the thresholds. |
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Term
| How do LDLs relate to hearing thresholds? |
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Definition
1. From 20-60dB, no average changes
2. Above 60dB, LDLs rise 5dB for each 10dB in hearing loss
3. Range of LDLs for different individuals with the same hearing loss is 40-50dB or greater for most hearing loss levels |
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Term
| Are LDLs affected by gender, age, or frequency? |
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Definition
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Term
| Effects of setting MPO too high |
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Definition
1. patient will turn down gain
2. patient to use HA only when loud sounds are not around
3. having initial negative experiences and stop wearing aids |
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Term
| Effects of setting MPO too low |
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Definition
1. speech may sound distorted
2. music may sound dull
3. range of loudness perception will be limited |
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Term
| How do manufacturers use LDL data to set MPO? Is the behavior consistent? |
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Definition
1. Based on mean for patient's hearing thresholds
2. Based on HL to 2-cc corrections
3. Behavior not consistent due to 1988 data from Pascoe rather than 2001 data from Bentler/Cooley ('88 data 10dB higher) |
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Term
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Definition
1. 1-2 increments above threshold
2. Present tone and have patient rate
3. Increase in 5dB steps until score of 7
4. Repeat again (can use lowest HL level of 7 for score; or mean of 3)
5. Do two runs/freq/ear (3 if scores inconsistent) |
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Term
| How many freqs tested with Cox Contour? How are these picked? |
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Definition
| You can normally pick 2 frequencies. Should pick a low and high frequency (500 and 3K, perhaps) |
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Term
| Do instructions for LDL test really matter? |
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Definition
| Yes! If you give consistent instructions, scores should remain consistent. Clients have better understanding on how to score. |
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Term
| Correction factor to transform coupler HL to coupler SPL? |
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Definition
| RETSPL (reference equivalent threshold in SPL) |
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Term
| Correction factor to transform SPL coupler to SPL eardrum? |
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Definition
| RECD (real ear coupler difference) |
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Term
| Correction factor to transform coupler HL to eardrum SPL? |
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Definition
| REDD (real ear dial difference) (RETSPL+RECD) |
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Term
| Does age affect RECD correction factors? |
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Definition
| Yes. RECD corrections based on frequency and age. |
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Term
| How would age affect REDD? |
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Definition
| Since REDD=RECD+RETSPL, and if RECD is affected by age, so should the REDD |
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Term
| How does variability in the RECD measurement relate to variability in the prescribed frequency-gain hearing aid response? |
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Definition
| Variability in RECD decrease when you decrease variability in prescription |
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Term
| Errors with real ear portion of RECD is negative |
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Definition
1. wrong ear for probe tip
2. insufficient seal
3. perforation |
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Term
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Definition
Refers to measurement of hearing
thresholds and LDLs using hearing aid for
stimulus generation and delivery |
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Term
| Practical uses for in-situ audiometry |
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Definition
1. for HA verification of gain and output
when traditional microphone measures are not available
2. can do testing during fitting of HA |
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