chinese immigrant's ethnic enclave

where the chinese moved to create the same lifestyle the had in china

the chinese always worked for a the least amount of money

this threatened the WASPs because now the chinese were taking over the work force

the chinese tried to work as gold miners, but could not get as much work done as the white people

lead to foreign miners tax

Foreign Miners Tax

1852

Chinese miners had to pay a 50% income tax.

A form of trying to get them to stop working.

"Feminine Jobs"

Since the Chinese could not work as gold miners, they began doing domestic labor like cooking, cleaning, sewing, etc.

These were perceived by the WASPs as "feminine jobs"

Transcontinental Railroad

Lighters

The Chinese contributed by making tunnels for the the train by blowing up the ground.

They were called LIGHTERS

Made a lot of money.

Migrant Farm Work

chinese

the chinese moved from farm to farm to look for work.

they went where they were needed

BACHELOR SOCIETY

chinese

Since such a small amount of  chinese women came to America, the accumulation of men became known as the BACHELOR SOCIETY.

They were there to work for their family in China.

THE SIX COMPANIES

KONGSI

-the 6 dominating "forces" that helped the Chinese men come to America.

-the eldest male in charge of that company, was now in charge of whoever came to America

-they also controlled life in Chinatown --> they are the police, the court, the government

DID NOT ALLOW ASSIMILATION

CHINESE CONSOLIDATED BENEVOLENT SOCIETY

1880

tried to help the Chinese in America

-"for the good of the chinese"

VICE DISTRICT

CHINESE

OPIUM DENS

CHINESE

The idea the the WASPs are becoming anti-chinese

-yellow peril

-people vs hall

-naturalization act

YELLOW PERIL

CHINESE

Hall (WASP) killed a Chinese man and walked free.

The Chinese tried to testify, but the result of this case is that no Chinese could testify against white citizens

"they are a race marked as inferior"

NATURALIZATION ACT OF 1870

CHINESE

*naturalization means citizenship*

says that the chinese are not allowed to be citizens

-at first this is fine for the chinese because they were planning on returning to china anyways

PAGE ACT OF 1875

CHINESE

Prohibited "undesirable" immigrants

-very loose term, this was able to prohibit the chinese from immigrating to America

CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT OF 1882

CHINESE

1882-1943

Prohibited Chinese from immigrating to America exclusively.

-SIGNIFICANT: the only act to ever single out an entire group

-prevents the Chinese from leaving and returning every 5 years

CHAE CHAN PING VS US 1889

CHINESE

-attempts to sue US government saying the CHINESE EXCLUSION ACT is unocnstitutional

-the US claims they can pass any law they want.

-the Chinese don't stop immigrating

1906 EARTHQUAKE

CHINESE

-biggest earthquake ever and completely detroys Chinatown

-causes problems because now the US cannot determine who was born in the US and who was not --> CHINESE CONTINUE TO IMMIGRATE

*paper sons*

ANGEL ISLAND

1910-1940

CHINESE

-a form of immigration island

-tries to prove the paper sons are fake

FAILS

NATURALIZATION ACT OF 1943

(second naturalization act)

CHINESE

-outlaws previous naturalization act

-outlaws the chinese exclusion act

-happens because of WW2

-we allow 105 immigrants a year

COMMUNISIM

1949

CHINESE

REFUGEE STATUS

CHINESE

MODEL MINORITY

CHINESE

-this wave of immigrants is highly educated, skilled, has money

-the US claims they are the "best" minority in the US

PENNSYLVANIA DUTCH

GERMANS

The 18th century Germans (first wave).

AMISH, QUAKER, MENNONITE, MORAVIANS

GERMANS

GERMANTOWNS

GERMANS

PACIFISTS

GERMANS

ABOLITIONISTS

GERMANS

DIRT FARMERS

GERMANS

FARMER WHO FARMS ONLY FOR HIMSELF/FAMILY

-IMPROVES LAND

-LIVES IN GATED COMMUNITY

LUTHERAN

GERMANS

SECOND WAVE

Protestant Religion

REVOLUTIONS OF 1848, CONSCRIPTION LAWS

GERMANS

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

POTATO BLIGHT

GERMANS

GOTTFRIED DUDEN

1892

GERMANS

PULL FACTOR

-he was given land to build --> he brought germans out to the Midwest and gave jobs to build railroad

"48ers"

GERMANS

atheists

very upper class germans who are considered the elite philosophers of Germany

MIDWEST-GERMAN TRIANGLE

CINCINNATI, MILWAUKEE, ST LOUIS

GERMANS

BEER AND PIANOS

GERMANS

SOCIAL CLUBS

GERMANS

part of the lower class

-they are organized families who help each other out in times of need

PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS

GERMANS

MODEL IMMIGRANT DEFINITION

GERMANS

the Germans are the ideal immigrant and the WASPs want every immigrant group to be just like the 1st wave of german's

-ALSO were not the model immigrant because they refused to assimilate --> didn't go to public schools, come in huge #'s, locate together, different religions

WORLD WAR 1

GERMANS

PROPOGANDA

GERMANS

GERMANS VS BRITISH

AMERICA TOOK BRITISH SIDE

PUMPED UP PATRIOTISM

GERMANS

-Germans choose one or the other

-response to propoganda

HYPHENATED-AMERICANISM

GERMANS

ALIEN ENEMIES ACT OF 1798

GERMANS

said that the US can deport any person it wants

this made people become hard core americans

100% AMERICANISM

germans

POLITICAL EXILES

germans

in 20th century migration

-were political exiles

cheap labor -'Labor and capital"

the chinese drove down the labor wage

Chinese laborers, 90 days, 10 years

-anyone who knowingly bringsa chinese person

-if ones here went to China, they could not come back

he felt bad for the chinese

"John the Chinaman in NY"

-he made a lot of $ and wwas able to settle in the US with his wife

-he liked America, Lee Chew didn't

-yellow peril --> skin color

-coolies --> slaves

-chinese opium den --> opium was sold and smoked

How are Gottlieb Mittelberger’s experiences different from other 18^th century Germans?

he was a school master, not an indentured servant

-he did not suffer awful conditions

JEWISH READING

How do Mary Antin and Rose Gollup's stories agree with what was said in lecture about Russification/Pogroms and the immigration for Jews from Russia?

How is it different from lecture?

Mary- looked forward to America to get away from Russia

Rose- claimed herself as an American

lecture- Russification happened in Germany--> make everyone Russian. noone wanted this

ITALIAN READING

What do the 3 Italian men have to say about their family, children and women, changing or assimilating into American culture?

-children do not obey

-children can go anywhere, and women who used to not be able to come out of the house

MEXICAN READING

How does Jesus Garza and SRA. Concha ..... describe life and job opportunities in America?

garcia: thought work was hard, ended up making money and liking america

concha: hates america

MEXICAN READING

What stereotypes does Jose M Garcia talk about

-bandits and theives in movies

-mexicans becoming citzens

-they do cheap labor

-asks to be nicer to the mexicans

ELLIS ISLAND READING

What are the differing opinions held by HG Wells, Steiner, Curran, Roth, Weiss, Bohem about Ellis Island?

Wells: liked it

Steiner: harsh --> talks about families being seperated

Curran: gives compassion for immigratnts, talks about how polish woman comes to AMerica with a baby and they she says the baby is american so she can get citizzensip

Weiss: undermined the system, thought they would be in trouble for lying

Bohem: was scared and realized he was free from Hungary

ELLIS ISLAND READING

How do the descriptions of the people who are immigrants compare to those who were just witnessing immigration/visiting Ellis Island?

Those who were immigrants thought of it as a scary place and lived in fear.

Those who were visiting liked it and found it "nice"

JERUSALEM

JEWS

ROME

JEWS

FOLLOWED CEASAR

THE TEMPLE

JEWS

JEWISH DIASPORA

JEWS

ANTI-SEMITISM

jews

KILLERS OF CHRIST

JEWS

the JEws believed JEsus should be crucified but the christians thought he should live

therefore the jews killed christ

SMITE

JEWS

what god does to people he doesn't like.

god is smiting the chrisitians for allowing the jews to live

TORAH/TALMUND

JEWS

TORAH: the old testament/ the word of god

TALMUND: the interpretation of the Torah/ the law

KOSHER

JEWS

how the jews prepared their food.

couldn't have had a hoof

SYNAGOGUE

JEWS

Jewish temple

no cross

SABBATH DAY

JEWS

Orthodox Jews day of rest.

Friday night to saturday morning

USURY

JEWS

Intrerest

using money from people who were suffering

BANKING/FINANCE

JEWS

TAKING OVER THE WORLD

JEWS

GERMAN JEWS

JEWS

just like the other German's

the FIRST wave of JEWS

settled in MIDWEST

PEDDLERS

JEWS

went from home to home selling goods

became levis, sears and macys

REFORM JUDAISM VS ORTHODOX JUDAISM

JEWS

The new concepts the Jews established to their religion.

modernized version

adjusted: dress, eating, language, equality of sexes, synangougue, Sabbath day (now on sunday)

ASSIMILATION

ASHKENAZIC JEWS

JEWS

southern europe, russia, and orthodox jews

the second wave of jews

RUSSIFICATION/RUSSIFY

JEWS

Russification: Russia tries to push outside it's borders and make surrounding countries become russian

Russify: the act of making russian

attempts to get rid of JEWS

POGROMS

JEWS

LOWER EAST SIDE

JEWS

jewish sweatshops consisted of all jews working in their home and then trying to sell whatever they came up with

different from italian sweatshops

MURDER INCORPORATED/KOSHER MAFIA

JEWS

organized crime among ashkenazic jews

-causes jews to rise economically

CONSERVATIVE JUDAISM

JEWS

created in the 1920s

-attempts to combine reform and orthodox religion

-kosher at home only

-sabbath day on friday again

LABOR LAWS OF 1920s

JEWS

helped the jews because now there was a:

-5 day work week

-8 hours a day

-child labor laws

ADOLF HILTER/HOLOCAUST

JEWS

push factor for the next wave of jews

-hilter wanted to get rid of all of the jews

POLITICAL ASYLUM

JEWS

the smart people in germany began to come to america

-political exiles

ALBERT EINSTEIN

JEWS

smart political exile

-allowed scientists into america because we have info others cant have

STATE OF ISRAEL

JEWS

created for the jews to find refuge in

BRITAIN CREATED IT and US BACKS IT

REVERSE DIASPORA

JEWS

JEWS now all come to isreal when before they all had to leave

american jews did not come. they stayed in america

-considered 2 groups of people

-upper (north) and lower (south) class

NORTHERN ITALIANS

ITALIANS

skilled

educated

money

light skinned

cosmopolitain

protestant

diverse

PEASANTS

ITALIANS

Southern Italians

lowest class

cannot vote beacuase they dont own land

SOUTHERN ITALIAN FAMILIES

ITALIANS

all low class

80% illiterate

LOVED THE FAM

did not trust anyone but their immediate family members

HONOR/VENDETTA/VIRGINITY

ITALIANS

honor: you must honor the eldest male, most important establishment to the s.italians

vendetta: if you dishonor your family you have a vendetta against you. you must make a public apology to get rid of it. but a vendetta is a dishonor

virginity: the most honorable thing to have. biggest dishonor. lost on wedding night

ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH

ITALIANS

-in charge of the lowest class

-the s.italians do not trust them.

-s italians do not go to church

VIRGIN MARY/ SAINTS

ITALIANS

VIRGIN MARY: MOTHER OF JESUS OF NAZZARATH

SAINTS: HOLY MEN

-SO MANY SAINTS THAT YOU ARE BOUND TO BE RELATTED TO ONE. THEY ARE TRUSTED

ROSARY

ITALIANS

BEADED NECKLACE

EACH BEAD REPRESENTS A PRAYER

CARRIED AT ALL TIMES

MAGIC

ITALIANS

BELIEVED IN MAGIC TO HELP THEM

COULD WISH ANYTHING TO ASSIST YOU

TAXES

TITHE

ITALITANS

Southern italians concept

-when you pay taxes to the catholic church

-when you donate to the poor --> tithe

RETURN MIGRATION

ITALIANS

the southern italians in US want to return to s. italy when the conditions become better

they dont

sojourners

italy

birds of flight

they go back and forth a lot

LITTLE ITALYS

ITALIANS

PADRONE

Italian

women work in sweat shops established by ash jews

children work in factories instead of going to school

MUTUAL AID SOCITIES

ITALIANS

MAFIA

ITALIANS

not considered organized crime by italians

a group for refuge

MAFIA MYTH

ITALIANS

YELLOW PRESS

ITALIANS

PROHIBITION

ITALIANS

BLUE COLLAR WORK

ITALIANS

skilled but not highly educated

police fireman

NATIVISM/XENOPHOBIA

immigration

nativism: hatred of immigrants

xeno: fear of immigrants --> leads to action against

NEW IMMIGRANTS

IMMIGRANTS

too many people were coming in

-WASPs were scaared of losing power

-something had to be done

ELLIS ISLAND

IMMIGRATION

immigrant proscessing center for new immigrants

-designed to count immigrants

-class based

ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS OF 1798

IMMIGRANTS

Naturlization Act of 1870

immigrant

limits citizenship to whites and blacks

-for the chinese to be banned

PAGE ACT of 1875

immgrant

prevents "undesirables" from getting citizenship

such a loose term --> chinese and prostitutes

the chinese are banned from immigration to US

first act against a specific type

CHAE CHAN PING V US

immigration

says the chinese exclusion act is unconstitutional

US won and said we could pass whatever we wanted

Immigration Act of 1921

1st

immigration

quota act

limits to 3% of 1910 census

immigration act of 1924

(LBJ)

2nd

Immigration

-both have exceptions

-anyone who we considered our neighbor (Hispanics) we did not include -> they had to do our cheap labor

-still have to go through immigration process

Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965

immigration law

divided the world into hemispheres east and west,certain amounts allowed from each hemisphere

-attempts to equalify the quotas

HEMISPHERES

immigration laws

east and west

170000 from east 120000 from west

now based on skill as to who could come over

ILLEGALS

immigrations

Immigration Reform and Control Act fo 1986

reagan realized immigrants are coming and taking jobs

leads to BURDEN OF PROOF

BURDEN OF PROOF

IMMIGRANTS

employers had to have their employees' proof of citizenship

-drivers license and social

Amnesty

immigration

o   every person can come in and admit they are here illegal and begin to the process of becoming illegal

Immigration act of 1990

immigrants

what we live by right now

-took away quotas

-have to have visas

LOTTERY

immigration

apply to lottery for citizenship

people drawn must come on a specific date and cannot bring anyone else

FAMILY VISA
JOB VISA
DIVERSITY VISA

italians

Family- if there is a personal living in the US, they can apply for their immediate family to come in

 job: if you have a specific skill you can come in

-actors and sports players

diversity visa:if a country is created out of no where, people are not represented in the US, but they will grant a visa

-rare but it shows diversity among country

US Citizenship and Immiration services

immigration laws

-now 2 different agencies

-everyone must have visa

-residency

-political asylum

-citizenship test

VISAs

immigrant

2 types

immigrant and non immigrant

everyone must have one

mmigrant v non-immigrant

immigrant: plans to stay

nonimmigrant: just for visiting, time sensitive

K-1

immigrant

immigrant visa

-if you have someone you are going to marry in the US

F-1

immigration

-nonimmigrant

-for students

-some may allow work, but some dont

RESIDENCY

immigration

I-485

GREEN CARD

$1500

many are turned down

Citizenship Test

immigation

5 years of permanent residence first

-most people are turned down to take the test

-can be taken in any language

1: region they identify

2:must be colonized by the spainish

3: mix of 3 cultures

4: religion--> practice same religion

5: language --> all speak spanish

Indigenous

hispanic

not white or black,

from the original country

Spanish Colonization

mexican

SPANISH V ENGLISH colonization

mexican

spanish wanted to spread christianity

english wanted to develop an ethnic hierarchy

ETHNIC HIERARCHY

mexico

white (spanish)

mestizo

mulatto

mexican

black

MESTIZO

mexican

Mulatto

mexico

1st mexican movement

moves to TX Arizona New mexico Cali

LAND GRANTS

mexico

Mexican american war

treaty of guadalupe hidalgo

mexico

we buy a shit load of land

-the mestizos living on the land are granted instant citizenship

-they didnt want this....

No cruzamos a linea. La linea nos cruzo a nosotros!

Porfirio Diaz

mexico

Peons

mexico

bracero program

mexico

the idea of guest workers

the US brings you to a farm and then brings you home

guest workers

mexico

Border patrols

mexico

Racial Profiling

mexico

Operation Wetback

mexico

REFORM AND CONTROL ACT

mexico

fencing

mexico

clinton

40 miles of 14 ft fence

dumb bc they can go around it

SPANISH AMERICAN WAR

cubans

we say we wont take over cuba after we help free them from spain

Fulgencio Batista

"puppet dictator"

cuba

FIDEL CASTRO

cuba

26th of July Movement

cuba

SOCIALIST/COMMUNIST REVOLUTION

CUBA

GOLDEN EXILES

cuba

CUban american adjustment act

cuba

cubans are granted refugee status

granted permanent residency

cubans are granted 1.2 billion to begin lives here

FIRST TIME EVER

golden exile fund flights to bring the second wave over

refugee status given, but not the loans

PERUVIAN EMBASSY

cuba

Mariel Boatlifts

cuba

fidel allows anyone to leave through this one port.

cubans and americns come to port to pick ip these people

Marielitos

cuba

3rd wave!

no money, dark skinned

look like they come from jail

fidel says they are all criminals

SCARFACE

cuba

Cuban Balseros

cuba

4th wave

these people come on rafts

HATIANS

cuba

haitians are black

4th wave

20,000 visas

end refugee

nonwelcoming

if caught in water, sent back to cuba

if you can make it to land you're good

Little Havana/Calle Ocho

cuba

voting blocks

cuba