Stock Market dropped 50%

Many banks began to declare bankruptcy, spiral effect

Progressive reformers believed that the U.S. banking system was fragile

Supporter of Big Business, Wall street Relected in 1900

assasinated by Leon Frank Czolgoz

Demanded Recognition of their labor unions, 20% pay increase 8 hour day.

Got 

10% increase in pay, 9 hour day.

Ida Tarbel

Wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History which recommends 

1. The construction of a canal

2. Expand the navy

3. Establish military/trading post in the Pacific

General Valeriano Weyley aka Weyley the "Butcher" put 300k Cubans into work camps and America did not like this. Ontop of that the USS Maine was blown up and America Blamed it on The Spanish. "Remember the Main"

Outcome is Spain loses all colonies, US gets Philipines, Puerto Rico, and Guam. Cuba becomes a US protectorate

Vanishing frontier forced Americans to look outside the borders of the U.S.

The Democratic party who opposed William jennings Bryan. 

Represented business interests, generally supporting the goals of banking and railroads, laissez-faire capitalism, and opposed bimetallism

The Panic of 1893

Owned institutions operated for the benefit of the members, Non- Profit. Promoted the establishment of farming credit unions, Co-ops were widely utilzed by many populst organizations

Examples : general Stores, grain elevators, mills, and more!!!

Deflation - Decline in Farmers income

Conflicts with Railroads, banks, and big business

Nation changed from Rural to URBAN!!!!!!

Inflationary policy: Greenbacks and free coinage of silver

Regulation of large industries

Government ownership of railroads

Agricultural co-operatives

The graduated income tax

Direct election of senators

The referendum: vote taken by the general public to decide if legislation becomes a law

The initiative: Voters gather signatures on petition so legislature can be presented to the state legislature

Leader of Greenback Party

Ran for President of the U.S. in 1880's 

Made up of 3 important groups

Silver Miners of the west were jobless, mining silver wasnt profitable.

Farmers favored inflation because they made more money from their crops

Debtors favored inflation because deflation put them into debt.

Demonetization of silver as official money

Led to deflation; a decrease in the amount of money in the economy

Brought an end to the U.S. bimetallism

Deflation is a decrease in the supply of money in the economy

This causes the price of goods to decrease

Referred to as a general decrease in the price level of goods

Examples : The Coinage act of 1873/ Resumption Act of 1875

Establish the U.S. mint and monetary system based on gold and silver

Allow for free coinage

Created Bimetallism

Colonel in the 7th Calvary which was orderd to Lakota area to protect railroad surveyors

In 1874  Custer lead the 7th cavalry in the black hills for gold which triggered the Black Hills gold Rush.

Treaty that both the tritbes and US had signed that confirmed the permanent sovereignty West of the Missouri River, Created the Sioux Reservation

Tribes agree to be civilized and adopt European Lifestyle

1866-1868 Named after Lakota Chief Red Cloud, one of the most successful cheifs. Resulted in the US sending 1,000 troops in the area to make a fort

Bozeman Trail shut down by Indians

New trail leading to the gold in Montana that traveled through powder river country which was originally a hunting ground for the native Indians

6,000 tribes organized to fight back for their land

Homestead Act 1862

Distributed lands west of the Mississippi river to farmers and settlers

Authorized congress to grant 160 acres of public land to a western settler, who only had to live on the land for 5 years to establish the title

Established in 1849, location of numerous treaty signings, built to protect emigrants traveling the Oregon Trail.

The Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851) stated that all lands west of the Missouri river belonged to the natives

Large span of area in the mid North West

Plains were refered as the Great American Desert because of how dry it was

Very rich ecosystem was covered with native grass that prevented dust storms

American Bison was 15 million in 1865, in 1895 it was down to 1,000 due to hunting for food and fur

Lived in the great lakes region after the Europeans took over the Great Plains

Migrated to the Cheyenne area and learned from the other tribes, later defeated the cheyenne forcing them west

Led the Industrial Workers of the World

Famous leader of the socialist movement

Created his own railroad labor union

Ran for president of the US 5 times as a socialist

Focused on Organizing unskilled workers, and destroying capitalism

Radicals founded organization in Chicago

Known as WOBBLIES

Emerged in 1880's

Founding President Samuel Gompers who focused on concrete economic gains - higher wages, shorter hours, better working conditions and avoided utopian ideas or politics. Focused on skilled labor, opposite of KOL

Called the meeting of Haymarket in May of 1886

3,000 people attended the rally. Resulted with a fight between workers and police. Spies was arrested

Communist manifesto

He believed working class should unite to fight exploitation and to overthrow the capitalist system

Riot Started as a rally by workers for an 8 hour day, workers originally worked 10-14 hours 

wanted

8 hours of labor

8 hours of recreation

8 hours of rest

Railroads went bankrupt in 1873 so they had to cut costs

Strike started after rail company, The Baltimore and Ohio, cut workers pay

Strike spread to Maryland where the governor ordered the National Guard to end the strike.

Outcome

Compensation, and 1st ever pension given

Established in 1800's by garmet workers

Comprised of both skilled and unskilled laborers

Demanded an end to child labor, 8 hour day, equal pay for woman, and progressive income tax.

Terrance V Powderly was one of the main leaders

Urbanization - Cities increased in size after the civil war

Immigration - Increased Jobs and expanding markets attracted immigrants

Industrialization - Increased mechanization and mass production meant owners had less need for skilled workers

Used the Bessemer Process to create cheaper steel to gain fortune and wealth.

Wrote the Book The Gospel of Wealth

Wood: Industrial growth created a need for wood-framed housing

Coal: the material used to power the new technology

Oil: Used to form energy to power objects

A contraction of the nation's money supply resulting from the Treasury's post war withdrawal of greenbacks and reckless over expansion of the railroads created the panic.