L.T. Butterfield, "Bureal [sic] of the Dead" 1890. text pg 382

Religious movement known as the ghost dance- US govt wanted to suppress the movement, Sioux medicine man Sitting Bull killed during his arrest. December 1890- a gun accidentally went off- US troops trigger happy- over 200 Native American men, women, and children gunned down in the Massacre at Wounded Knee - end of Indian wars- Indian victims of colonization. work of community destruction.

A Group of Chiricahua Apache students c. 1890, text pg. 377

"if indian children are to be civilized they must learn the language of civilization- no textbooks in vernacular will be allowed in any school. At Carlisle Indian School in PA- indian boarding school. Girls given Anglo-American names, dressed as Victorian ladies, taught to play the piano. Boys organized into military companies and drilled in uniforms. Were told that indian ways were bad. Textbooks told of indian atrocities on the white man. 

A mountain of buffalo bones 1880, text 319

1870 technique for converting buffalo hide into commercial leather- swarms of hunters invaded western Kansas- rifle to kill dozens of animals each afternoon. between 1870 and 1875- 5 or 6 million buffalos died- wiping out the southern herds, then shifted to northern plains. killing buffalo linked to quieting the indians, since buffalo was their food source. 1883- all buffalo gone. reservations had to rely on government beef

Anti-Chinese Immigration Poster 1882

In 1882, the United States passed a Chinese Exclusion Act, made it illegal for Chinese to come to the United States. Post civil war economy of the 1870s bad, blamed the Chinese for depressing wages. The ban was intended to last for 10 years, but kept getting renewed until 1942.

Chinese field workers in Southern California (c. 1880) text p. 359

Chinese men harvesting crops in California. Rare picture of chinese workers, not many photographs of them taken. They constituted about half of migrant labor in California before the Exclusion Act of 1882. Wear traditional Chinese hats, but some wear levis- partially assimilated

Robert Runyon, "Texas Rangers pose with the corpses" 1915 text pg 396

Mass migration of Mexicans to the western United States. commercial farming was taking over Texas. Tejanos in 1915 pledged themselves to El Plan de San Diego- attacked farms and railroads, burned bridges, and sabotaged irrigation systems, killed dozens of Anglos. Anglo vigilance committees lynched insurrectionists, raids against Tejano communities. 5000 Tejanos and Mexicans killed. 

Sugar Beet Field and Processing Plant (1907)

this isn't the right image?? but close enough?

Dorothea Lange, "Migrant Mother" (1936)

depicts Florence Thompson at a pea-pickers' camp after the rain. The photo is artfully crafted; this is the 6th shot that Lange took. Made to look like a Madonna, given a sense of dignity, even though Thompson herself was ashamed of the photograph. The photo spread like wildfire- within a few days, the camp recieved food stuffs, but Florence was already long gone. 

Dorothea Lange, "Gas Station, Kern County, California" (1938) 

Lange's photographs often make political statements-- this is an interesting one considering the fact that Lange herself worked for Roosevelt's administration as part of the Farm Security Administration and was quite devoted to it.

Dorothea Lange, "Tractored Out" (1938)

The dust bowl really sucked. Poor field

Allen Anderson, cover Lariat Story Magazine (1946) 

lol women=damsels in distress, have no autonomy

Cheerios Prize (c 1950s)

Da WeSt iz s0o c0ol ya?

Guy Eurnge, "The Victor's Prize" (1905)

The Virginian- a woman's instincts are wrong in the west- a man has to be violent

"The Great Train Robbery" final frames 1903 text, pg 503

First motion picture to tell a complete story- the first movie western. Film's final image, one of the outlaws points his gun directly at the audience and fires- people were thrilled. The cowboy as having questionable morals- lawless. This movie marked the birth of the American motion picture industry. next 60 years, at least 1/3 of all films made in US were westerns. 1903- influenced by T. Roosevelt's Rough Rider campaign in Spanish-American war?

Norman Sanders, cover Kid Cowboy (1954)

NOT right image

Sitting Bull and William "Buffalo Bill" Cody (c. 1885) text pg 499

Buffalo Bill had a traveling show called "Buffalo Bill's Wild West"- toured America for nearly 3 decades. Sitting Bull (Sioux chief) joined for the 1885 season, audience didn't accept him- had been cause of Custer's death. Hissed by the audience. Gave his $50 weekly salary away to street urchins- didn't like all the poverty. Liked Annie Oakley

Jean-Mark Giboux, "A Korean merchant defends his property" 1992, text pg 554

worst urban disorder of the century. police brutality of African-Americans and Mexican-Americans- a videotape of four white police officers beating up black motorist Rodney King- attention on television, white suburban jury acquitted them of most charges- the city exploded in violence. For three days, rioters swept through black, Latino, and Asian-American neighborhoods, looting and burning. 51 people died, several miles torched. Much of violence directed at the Koreans, many of whom owned successful businesses in black ghettos and Mex barrios. ethnic and racial divisions in the "world city"

Dorothea Lange, "End of Shift" (1942)

Richmond, California

Dorothea Lange, "High School Boys" 1942

They wear levis- they are american. on the eve of internment

Dorothea Lange, "It was Never Like This Back Home" (1942) 

Great Migration of blacks to urban centers from the rural south 

Clifford May, "Turn Your Living Toward the Sun" from Western Ranch Houses (1946) 

Sun Belt living- ranch house spread across the country following the war- home ownership doubled

Ronald Reagan works on his California Ranch 1982, text pg 530

West= "the official American ideology"- our nation's unique heritage and that it amounted to the purest expression of American idealism. Reagan inherited TR's mantle of "cowboy president" the mythic west- it is the american sound- it is hopeful, big hearted, idealistic- daring, decent, and fair. that's our heritage. 

"View of Interior Machinery at Booneville Dam" 1937

BIG ASS