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| Colonists who supported the British government during the American Revolution |
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| Colonists who supported American independence from Britain |
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| Rights to life, liberty, and property. Jefferson described them as "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness" |
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| Written by Thomas Paine: called for separation of colonies from Britain |
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| Virginia Estate; George Washington's dream to settle there |
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| Offered a two house Congress to satisfy both small and large states; each state has equal representation from Senate; size of state determines representation in House of Reps. |
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| Three fifths of a state's slaves are counted as population |
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| Favored new Constitution; favored large government |
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| Opposed having a strong central government; against constitution |
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| Ten amendments ratified out of 12 |
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| Refusal to approve a bill |
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| Prevent any branch of gov. from dominating the two other branches |
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| US purchased France's Louisiana Territory- extended from Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains |
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| Gov. in which citizens rule through elected representatives |
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| Group of department heads who serve as the president's chief advisers |
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| Agreements to maintain balance of power between slave states and free states |
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| Name given to Kansas Territory in the years before the Civil War when it was a battleground between proslavery and antislavery forces |
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| Belonging to the period before the Civil War |
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| Ensured that escaped slaves would be returned to their owners |
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| Residents vote to decide an issue |
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| State's refusal to recognize an act of Congress that it considers unconstitutional |
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| Placing of the interests of one's own region ahead of the interests of the nation as a whole |
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| Novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe portraying slavery as a evil |
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| Intended to settle major disagreements between free states and slave states |
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| Required enrollment in the armed services |
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| Drafting of citizens for military service |
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| Emancipation Proclomation |
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| Executive order by Abe Lincoln freeing the slaves in all regions behind Confederate lines |
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| Invented by Eli Whitney; machine for cleaning seeds from cotton |
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| Pre-Civil war set of measures; designed to unify the nation and strengthen its economy by protective tariffs, a national bank, and a development of a transportation system |
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| System of routes where runaway slaves were helped to escape to Canada or to free states |
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| Formal withdrawal of a state from the Union |
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| Period of rebuilding that followed Civil War; Confederate states were re-admitted to Union |
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| process of accusing a public official of a wrongdoing |
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| Wanted to destroy political powers of former slaveholders; wanted to give african americans full citizenship and right to vote |
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| Northerner who moved south after Civil War |
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| White southerner who joined Republican party after Civil War |
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| Used terrorist tactics in an attempt to restore white superity in Southern states after civil war |
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| Makes all people born in US- including former slaves- citizens of the county and guarantees equal protection of laws |
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| Prohibits denial of voting rights to people because of race or previous enslavement |
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| Restricted African Americans lives after civil war; prohibited traveling w/o permits, carrying weapons, serving on juries, and marrying white, etc. |
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| Used to keep African Americans away from polls; based on family history |
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| Belief that the US would expend westward to the Pacific and Mexican Territory--Whites are superior |
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| Forced Native Americans peoples east of the Mississippi to move to lands in the West |
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| Provided 160 acres in the West to citizens or intended citizens who were the head of the household and own the land for 5 years |
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| Movement of many people to the region where gold had been discovered |
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| Minority group's adoption of beliefs and way of life of dominant culture |
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| Intended to "americanize" Native Americans by distributing land to individual owners |
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| Members of a church founded by Joseph Smith |
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| Cherokee people were forced to be removed from Georgia to the Indian Territory; thousands died on the way |
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| Route from Independence, MO to Oregon City, OR; used to travel to Oregon Terriroty |
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| Route from Independence, MO to Santa Fe, NM; used by traders |
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| African American who migrated from the South to Kansas after Reconstruction |
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Slave from MO had lived in free territory for 4 years; owner died; Scott made lawsuit to gain his freedom saying that he had become a free person by living in free terriroy;
Roger B. Taney (Supreme Court Chief Justice) said that slaves did not have the rights of citizens; did not claim Dred Scott free |
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| Abolitionist; set on revenge after belief that proslavery members had killed 5 men; pulled 5 men from their beds in Pottawatomie Creek and hacked off their hands |
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| Painter; painted American landscapes |
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| Assisted former slaves and poor whites in the South by giving clothes and food; set up hospitals, schools, insudtrial institutes, and teacher-training centers |
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Commanded confederate army after Joseph E. Johnston was wounded;
modest, opposed secession, beat McClellan |
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| Founded Hull House; helped the poor |
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Center of Midwest
I&M Cancals
Railroad systems |
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George Pullman- manufactored railroad car factoy; town housed his workers; gave them survival needs
Very strict rules included: no alcohol, no loitering on steps, and refusal to lower rents
refusal to lower rents led to strike |
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| Written by Upton Sinclair- described dangerous health issues in the meat industry |
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Came from theory of Charles Darwin
"survival of the fittest" |
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| Made it illegal to form trusts that interferred with trade |
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| Standard Oil Company; gained total control of american oil industry |
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Invented Carnegie Steel Company
made accounting systems
used vertical and horizontal integration |
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| buying out suppliers in order to control raw materials and transportation systems |
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| companies producing similar products merge together |
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| negotiation between representatives of labor and management |
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| Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) |
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aka. the Wobblies
Headed by William "Big Bill" Haywood
Accepted blacks and unskilled workers |
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| Photographer; studied urban poor (slums) |
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Used to help railroad workers and customers
US contained 4 different zones |
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Immigrant inspection city (for the east)
physical and governmental inspections
Mostly Europeans |
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| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire |
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Fire spread; all of the exit doors were locked (to prevent theft); no sprinkler system
New safety conditions were set up |
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| journalists who wrote about currupt side of business |
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aimed to restore economic opportunities in American life
-social welfare
-moral improvement
-economie reform
-fostering efficiency |
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People protested against police brutality;
bomb thrown into police line
turned people against labor movement |
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| allowed cattle to be shipped to Chicago and other areas |
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Aka World's Fair in Chicago
Brought new inventions and many people |
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Workers protested about wages being cut
Trains were stopped
Federal troops eventually stopped strike |
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| Favoritism towards native born americans |
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| Designed Wainwright building- american's greatest contribution to architechture |
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| Designed Flatiron building (skyscraper) |
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| Louis Sullivan's quote for a building's appearance should be built around what it is used by the people for |
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| Less destcutable form of a building's frame |
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| Load Bearing Construction |
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| Exterior walls hold up buildings |
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| Art of upper class subjects; less detail; romantic subjects |
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| Art of lower class subjects; more detail; reality; used to be sketches |
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| 4 long term causes of the war |
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MAIN
militarism
alliances
imperialism
nationalism |
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| led to competitive rivalries between nations |
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development of armed foces and their use; Germany set up large army
Britain and Germany competed to have larger ships and stronger navy |
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| France, Britain, and Russia |
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| Germany and Austria-Hungary |
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stronger nations expand their economic and political power to control weaker nations
Germany, France, and Britain competed for Europe's colonies |
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Assassination was the "spark" to star World War 1
Him and his wife shot by princip while driving in his car with the top down |
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| Area between the different trenches; filled with mud and barbed wire |
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| nickname for american infantryman |
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| invented to take advantage of longer summer days and to conserve energy |
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Used to try to make men enlist in the army
invented by George Creel and the Committee of Public Information |
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| Name of the British ship that was torpedoed by a German U-boar killed 1,200 people (128 being American) |
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| Anti-war slogan "he kept us out of war" |
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| opposition to political and economic connections with other nations |
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| Encouraged companies to use mass-production techniques to increase efficiency |
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Incited the US to finally declare war
Note from Germany to Mexico saying that Germany would support Mexico and try to obtain their land from the US back |
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| Germany's plan; called for holding action against Russia, Belgium, and Paris |
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French passenged boat sank by Germany
killed 80 passengers including Americans |
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Wilson's speech
first 5 points- addressed to prevent another war
next 8 points- involved boundary changes
last point- development of League of Nations |
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| Nations discuess and settle conflicts without a war |
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| nine new nations; banned Germany from forming and army; made Germany pay reparations (war damages) |
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| guard of destroyers escorted merchant ships back and forth across Atlantic |
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| Fought and killed by Native American troops at Little Bighorn River; led by Sitting Bull |
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| Blacks who fought after the civil war |
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| Life resource to Native Americans |
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| Native Americans were re-educated; learned american lifestyle |
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| Sacred Native American symcol; circle of life |
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| Against Stephen Douglas; led to South Carolina's secession and formation of confederacy |
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| Photographer of Civil War |
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| President of Confederacy; declared war at Fort Sumter |
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| Ran against Lincoln in election; Put together compromise of 1850 |
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| Used his concepts of people enjoying "natural rights" in Declaration of Independence; "life, liberty, and property" |
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| colonist founder of Sons of Liberty; protested against Britain's goods and acts |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| Two levels of government share fundamental powers; gave national gov. power to declare war, make peace, and sign treaties |
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| Constitutional Convention |
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| Tried to resolve debate between states' rights vs. federal authority |
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| "Father of the Constitution"; formed Virginia Plan |
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| Supreme Court ruled that it had the power to abolish legislative acts by declaring them unconstitutional; known as judicial review |
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| Decided on Indian Removal Act after failed assimiliation; claimed that act was "not liberal, but generous" |
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| John Chivington sent troops to fight Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes, killing over 150 of them (mostly women and children); Indians thought they were protected by US |
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| Native American believed that performing the dance would restore their way of life and lands; led to arrest and assassination of Sitting Bull |
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| Big Business; Big Gov.; Big Cities; Banks |
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| State Gov; Small Cities; Small Groups; Power to the People; Strict Interpretation of Constitution |
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| Hands off government; stays out of businesses so businesses arent regulated. |
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| Laissez Faire Capitolism (2nd def.) |
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| Lincoln made confederate soilders pledge alligence to the U.S. and join back into the union. |
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