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Definition
-Having two senators prevent the bigger states over powering smaller states
-100 memebers
-30 years or 9 years |
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Term
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Definition
-Trustee
-Politico
-Delegate |
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Definition
-national, collective, moral concerns
-responsible manner |
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Definition
loyally represent constituents best interest
-Responsive |
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Definition
| Acts as a delegate-highly important to constituents- Act as trustees-Complex higher issues |
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Definition
| Responsive vs responsibility |
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Definition
| only ready elected trying to be reelected |
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Term
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Definition
1. homestyle: relating to the people in their pwn distract. Relate better to constituents
2. Fundraising: entrenched allies (1 to 2 million to run a campaign)
3. Constituency service: case work |
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Term
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Definition
| making new districts (state legislator does it) |
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Term
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Definition
allocate power in congress
-majority party-determine committee leadership, division of seats on committees, committee resources |
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Definition
1. legislative
2. committee assignments
3. scheduling
4. overall party strategy |
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Term
| Formal structure of congress |
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Definition
-Standing
-Select
-Joint
-conference |
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Term
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Definition
| Permanent part of House or Senate, holds more importance of authority (drafts legislation + over see passed laws) |
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Definition
a. created to address specific issue for one or two terms ad hoc
b. Collect info provide policy options draw attention to certain issues |
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Term
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Definition
a. members of both + senate with limited authority
b. can be temporary
(no legislative authority) |
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Definition
a. temporary committees created to negotiate difference between house + senate versions of legislative that passed through both chambers
b. standing committee members |
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Term
| Informal structure of Congress |
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Definition
1. Log rolling
2. Earmarks
3. seniority |
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Term
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Definition
-liquid pro quo
-form of members of reciprocity where members of congress support bills they wouldn't vote fpr in exchange for others to vote on their bills
-trading favors |
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Term
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Definition
federally funded local projects attached to bills pass through congress
(like=pork barrel: ment to benefit local representatives) |
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Definition
| Choosing the member who has served the longest on a certain committee to be the chair |
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Term
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Definition
1. member of congress introduces bill
2. subcommittee + committee craft bill
3. floor action on bill takes place in first chamber (house or senate)
4. committee + floor action takes place in second chamber
5. conference committees works out differences between house +senate version
6. conference committee version is given final approval on both chamber floors
(5 and 6 are not needed if both chambers pass same version)
7. President signs or vetoes final versions
8. If vetoed both chambers congress try to override veto with 2/3 in both chambers |
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Term
| Head of the Executive Branch |
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Definition
| The president's job description begins with the list of constitutional responsibilities of the office |
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Term
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Definition
| one role of the president through which he or she has authority over executive branch |
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Term
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Definition
| The vice president's job is to preside over senate procceedings |
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Term
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Definition
| The group of fifteen executive department heads who implement the president's agenda in their respective positions |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| who made the mistake? (to many people) |
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Term
| Presidency VS legislative |
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Definition
Presidency: Supreme power
Legislative: first branch of government |
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Term
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Definition
-head of government
-head of state-symbolic/political leader
-Domestic policy
a. signs or veto legislation-signs statement
b. lobby congress-influence legislative process
c. President controls executive departments |
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Term
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Definition
| president gets more power. -war, man hunt |
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Term
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Definition
1. Commander of cheif (armed forces)
2.International diplomacy-294 embassies
3. treaties-formal require congress approval |
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Term
| Commander of cheif (armed forces) |
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Definition
-wars powers resolation
a. must inform congress form congress for long troops
b.60days without congress approval
c. imminent hostility require president results with congress
d. congress will speedy make decisions |
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Term
| Executive agreement treaty |
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Definition
| does not require approval (with another nation)-short term -not as impatient |
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Term
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Definition
| purely administrative matters |
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Term
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Definition
| shielding info from other branches |
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Term
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Definition
| truman had to choose if they would use the nuclear bomb |
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Term
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Definition
| The system of civil servants and political appointees who implement congressional or presidentialdecisions |
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Term
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Definition
| employees of bureaucratic agencies within government |
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Term
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Definition
| a rule that allows the government to exercise control over individuals and corporations by restricting certain behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| Bureaucrats also handle government purchases, buying from pencils to aircraft carriers. |
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Term
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Definition
| bureaucrats provide services to help ordinary Americans |
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Term
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Definition
| government scientists work in areas from medicine to astronomy to agriculture. |
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Term
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Definition
| Agency employees who directly provide services to the public |
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Term
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Definition
| the knowledge, personnel, and institutions that the government requires to effectively implement policies |
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Term
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Definition
| excessive or unnecessarily compplex regulations imposed by the bureaucracy |
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Term
| standard operating procedures |
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Definition
| rules that tower-level bureaucrats must follow when implementing policies |
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Term
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Definition
| a difficulty faced by elected officials in ensuring that when bureaucrats implement policies, they follow these officials intentions but still have enough discretion to use their expertise |
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Term
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Definition
| the interaction between a principal, who needs something don, and an agent, who is responsible for carrying out the principal's orders |
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Term
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Definition
| bureaucrats who seek to increase funding for their agency whether or not that additional spending is worthwhile. |
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Term
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Definition
| bureaucrats' tendency to implement policies in a way that favors their own political objectives rather than following thr original intentions of the legislation |
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Term
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Definition
1. regulations
2. purchases goods+services for the government
3. management contractors
4. research an development
5. provide public services (mail delivery, student loans) |
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Term
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Definition
1. experts-,meat and bones policy
2. "state capacity" -human and physical capital
3. objective- disinterested- national interest in mind |
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Term
| objective- disinterested- national interest in mind |
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Definition
1. civil servants-meritocracy
2. SOP (standard operating proceed-er)-red tape |
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Term
| The bad about bureaucracy about Bureaucracy |
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Definition
1. Red tape efficiency
(barriers to entry competition)
2. Expand their domain (maximize budgets) |
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Term
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Definition
1. no one in charge -faceless, nameless monster
2. accretion of law
3. paralysis by analysis
technocratic rule
4. preservation of benefits(public funding. self preservation) |
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Term
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Definition
1. agent-carry out orders on behalf of someone else
2. principle-congress president (principle wants top give the agent freedom to use their expertise but wants them to directly carry out orders) |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. drift away from the inventors of law makers (technocratic rule) |
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Term
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Definition
| centralized everything=everything is equal (France VS America) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Aristocracy
2. Gov. became the came everywhere
3. central authority started to shape citizens (public opinion, Paris)
4. noble, bourgeoisie, peasants (think in same ways, do same things) |
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Term
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Definition
!. Democracy
2. universalize of preference and needs
3. same treatment from government
4. single power governing all
5. political stability
6. hate privileged (special treatment) |
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Term
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Definition
| Lower level trial courts of the federal judicial system that handle most U.S. federal cases. |
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Term
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Definition
| the intermediate level of federal courts that hear appeals from district courts. More generally, an appeals court is any court with appellate jurisdiction. |
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Term
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Definition
| The supreme Court's power to strike down a law or executive branch acction that it finds unconstitutional |
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Term
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Definition
-the most important step toward that equal partnership (1803)
-which gave the Supreme Court the power of judicial review |
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Term
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Definition
| sits at the top of the federal courts |
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Term
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Definition
| the theory that justices should surmise the intentions of the founders when the language of the Constitutions is unclear. |
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Term
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Definition
| A way of interpreting the Constitution that takes into account evolving national attitudes and circumstances rather than the text alone |
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Term
| Interpretative philosophy |
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Definition
1.Strict constructionist (originalism)
2. Living document |
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Term
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Definition
1. conflict of opinions at AC level
2. Conflict B/+ A and state SC
3. A lower court hasn't followed due process
4. Substantial federal questions
5. Ac or state SC conflicts with scotos precedent |
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Term
| Public mood/public opinion |
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Definition
| -citizens views on politics and government actions (do a cause later becausee of the citizens mood/opinion Ex. war) |
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Term
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Definition
1. originalism vs. "living"
2. Judicial Activism- protecting minority rights (Judicial restraint-deference to other branches |
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