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| the president's personal characteristics help him persuade others of his views |
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Term
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Imperial Presidency was destroyed by President Nixon when some congressional powers went to the president.
Kennedy set the president for imperial presidency by talking to MANY people about the cuban missile crisis.
Nixon instead isolated himself. |
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-Presidential paradox. Average joe AND an extraordinary man.
-We want a powerful president but we are suspicious of power, so the president cannot live up to his full potential.
-The framers purposefully left the constitution vague so as to not make the president too powerful and let him "read into" the constitution when necessary.
- these paradoxes are okay but we need to UNDERSTAND them |
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-Iron Triangles (government bureau, interest group, and congressional support) may, at times, come into conflict.
-Political executives can work against the iron triangles by strengthening their outside sources and connections. |
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Political Executives versus bureaucrats working in executive offices.
-Politicians provide the dynamics and bureaucrats the ballast.
-Bureaucrat must balance be responsive as well as being neutral and fair. |
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Term
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-Bureaucrats do make laws.
They should
share the president elect's values
be good managers
competent and knowledgeable about the policies they'll administer. |
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Red Tape made it less effifcient for the mayor to refurbish the
Central Park Ice Rink than Donald Trump.
*Accountability
*Fiscal Integrity
*Equity
*Efficiency
-When we talk about the efficiency of an agency we need to consider the contraints. |
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Term
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Definition
-Pork barreling is evolving.
-Politicians utilize pork barrel projects to gain constituents support.
*GREEN PORK=environmental shit
*DEFENSE PORK
Represent the dual responsibilities at the local and national level. |
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Term
| EllWood (In Praise of Pork) |
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Pork barrel projects are not the cause of our problems.
- If you give people pork, they are more likely to vote for the budget/tax cuts that we need to alleviate national debt.Pork-barrel projects help congressmen get re-elected so that they can vote for unfavorable bills and still feel safe. |
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Term
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Bullwinkle District: hispanic district in New York.
-White people started to dislike gerrymandering after Bushmanders stopped. |
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Term
| David Mayhew(The Electoral Connection) |
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Definition
| Congressman's only goal is reelection. |
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Term
| Richard Fenno (Home Style) |
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Definition
- Presentation of self enhances trust; enhancing trust takes time; therefore, presentation of self takes time.
- Delegate behavior: This is when the congressman caters to his constituents.
- Trustee behavior: This is when he exercises his best judgment despite what his constituents might say. Presentation of self also enhances voting leeway via trust. |
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*Polarization of parties increases deadlock.
*Bicameralism also increased deadlock.
*60th senator is CRUCIAL because they prevent a filibuster. |
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- Holds are the lazy man’s filibuster because you don’t have to stay up all night talking about an issue.
- 41 senators can prevent you from getting your bill passed. You’ll only have 59 for the cloture rule, 1 less than required. So, if you want a bill to pass these days, you need 60 votes.
-- If you want to cut off debate on legislation (the filibuster), you need 3/5 ( a supermajority) in the Senate. If you want to stop debate to propose a change to the Senate rules, you need 2/3 in the Senate.
- Filibuster: talking a bill to death |
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Term
| Michele Swers( The difference women make) |
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Definition
Electing more women to the house would change national agenda.
-Republicans are trying to narrow the Gender Gap. |
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| Katherine Tate (Black Faces in the Mirror) |
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Definition
- The Congressional Black Caucus
o CBC’s mission was to represent the concerns of the Black people of America.
o CBC had many internal bouts. They fought with each other inside.
o They would go beyond party lines (an organization outside of the Democratic Party) in order to promote Black interests.
o However, they didn’t do that with Jesse Jackson’s presidential bid. The CBC organized itself as a voting bloc and negotiated with only the Democratic party.
- CBC has become and will become even more diverse. This is because Black Congressmen are moving up in rank in the House. As a result, they don’t go with what the CBC says but with what the majority party says. Also, Black Congressmen have come to represent a diversity of views.
- Representation includes SYMBOLIC representation, which Black people have done quite a bit of. |
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Term
| Reading 30: The Congressional Experience |
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Definition
- Vicious cycle
o People are exposed to negative campaigns, campaigns that play on hot-button issues and criticize the opponent. In doing so, people become more cynical of politics. They become so conditioned to this cynicism, it’s the only thing that will make them vote. So, the media continues to play on the cynicism, and the candidates tend to support it. However, as stated in the article, it’s not good to play on cynicism. All you get is more cynicism.
o So, start campaigning in ways that inspire enthusiasm and courage! |
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