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American Pageant Chapter 37
The Eisenhower Era
19
History
11th Grade
04/12/2011

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Term
International Business Machines (IBM)
Definition
A multinational technology company which grew dramatically with advances in computing. It served as the blueprint for modern technology companies.
Term
"Ozzie and Harriet"
Definition
A sitcom which ran from 1952 to 1966 which became synonymous with the idealized 50's family life - at the center of which was the cult of domesticity.
Term
Betty Friedan, "The Feminine Mystique"
Definition
A book which sparked a wave of feminism by challenging the role of housewife which many women occupied.
Term
McDonald's; Diner's Club; Disneyland
Definition
A fast food franchise which sprang up in the 50's; The first independent credit card company; A theme park which served as a new form of entertainment.
Term
Billy Graham
Definition
An Christian evangelist who used television as a forum for his sermons, reaching a vast audience.
Term
Elvis Presley
Definition
The "King of Rock", he was one of the most popular musicians of the 20th century and helped pioneer rock'n'roll.
Term
Marilyn Monroe
Definition
A female movie star who popularized new standards of sensuous sexuality.
Term
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Definition
After establishing himself as a war hero by commanding the Allies in D-Day and other battles of WWII, he became the President in 1952 with running-mate Richard Nixon.
Term
Joseph McCarthy
Definition
An anticommunist crusader from Wisconsin who served there as senator. He accused people throughout government and other areas of communist sympathies, but finally went too far in accusing military officials of being communist.
Term
McCarthyism
Definition
The practice of making accusations of disloyalty, subversion, or treason without proper regard for evidence.
Term
Desegregation
Definition
The process of integrating separated races. It was the focus of the Civil Rights movement, and a landmark decision related to it was the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas.
Term
Jackie Robinson
Definition
A baseball player who broke the racial barrier in sports by securing a place on the Brooklyn Dodgers.
Term
Rosa Parks
Definition
A college-educated black seamstress who made history by taking a seat in the "whites-only" section of a Montgomery, Alabama bus and refusing to get up. Her arrest led to a year-long bus boycott and was a landmark moment in the Civil Rights Movement.
Term
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Definition
An American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African American civil rights movement who followed the non-violent protest techniques of Mahatma Gandhi.
Term
Earl Warren
Definition
The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who led the Brown v. Board of Education decision and pushed for an end to segregation. His decisions sparked resentment among many Americans.
Term
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Definition
A landmark Supreme Court decision that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional.
Term
Operation Wetback
Definition
A 1954 operation by the US Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) to remove about one million illegal aliens from the southwest, focusing on Mexican nationals. It began partly thanks to the Mexican government's concern that illegal immigration was undermining the bracero program.
Term
Interstate Highway Act
Definition
A $27b plan to build over 42,000 miles of motorways across the US. It created countless construction jobs and sped the suburbanization of America.
Term
Little Rock Central High School
Definition
The site of a forced school desegregation in which the "Little Rock Nine" (9 black students) were at first denied entry by the school, and then were permitted entry thanks to federal troop support.
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