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| The 28th President of the United States who was elected as a Democrat in 1912, beating Roosevelt and Taft. He persuaded Congress to pass the Federal Reserve Act, Federal Trade Commission Act, the Clayton Antitrust Act, the Federal Farm Loan Act and America's first-ever federal progressive income tax in the Revenue Act of 1913. He was re-elected in 1916, and his second term centered on World War I. He based his re-election campaign around the slogan "he kept us out of war". |
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| A term associated with Wilson's first term. It focussed upon reform to do with tariffs, banks and trusts. |
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| Otherwise known as the Progressive Party of 1912, it was formed by Roosevelt after a split in the Republican party. It came second in the election of 1912. |
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| Herbert Croly, "The Promise of American Life" |
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| A book published in 1909 by the founder of the New Republic which opposed agressive unionization and supported economic planning to raise the quality of life. |
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| An American Union leader who served several times as the Presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America, gaining more votes with each election. |
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| "Triple Wall of Privilege" |
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| A term associated with Wilson which describes the three areas he aimed to tackle with his policy: Trusts, Banks and Tariffs. |
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| Also known as the Revenue Act of 1913, this Act reimposed the federal income tax following the passage of the 16th amendment and lowered the tariff from 40% to 25%. It also provided for substantial reduction of tariffs. |
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| An amendment to the Constitution which allowed the federal government to levy a graduated income tax. |
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| A 1913 Act which establish a nationwide system of 12 regional reserve districts monitored by a Federal Reserve Board. |
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| An amendment to the constitution which allowed for the direct election of senators - who had previously been elected by state legislators (who were susceptible to corruption) |
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| Federal Trade Commission Act |
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| An Act which authorized the president to appoint a commission to monitor interstate commerce. |
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| A 1914 Act which lengthened the list from the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of business practices that were deemed illegal and exempted unions from antitrust prosecution. |
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| A Jewish lawyer who was appointed to the Supreme Court in 1916 - the first Jew to be so appointed. |
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| Woodrow Wilson Before Presidency |
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| Born from Scotts-Irish descent in Virginia in 1856, he was raised in Georgia and South Carolina by his Presbyterian minister father. He graduated from Princeton in 1879 and then attended Johns Hopkins, with a PhD in Political science. He later became the President of Princeton University and the Governor of New Jersey. |
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| Panama Canal Tolls Act of 1912 |
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| An act repealed under Wilson which had exempted American ships from paying tolls on the Panama canal, benefiting wealthy businessmen in America and causing protest by British merchants. |
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| An act signed by Wilson which gave the Philippines territorial status and gave them the promise of future independence when a "stable government" could be formed. |
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| "Necessary Intervention" in Mexico |
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Definition
| Intervention by the US in Mexican affairs in 1914 in which the US allowed shipment of arms to "rebel forces" in Mexico to overthrow dictator Huerta's rebel government. Wilson ordered the navy to seize the port of Vera Cruz to protect US shipments. Wilson eventually sent troops into Mexico to stop rebel Pancho Villa's raiding parties in the border states. |
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| "Necessary Intervention" in Haiti |
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| Intervention by the US in Haiti in which the US dispatched marines to Haiti to protect Americans after the assassination of the Haitian president. |
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| "Necessary Intervention" in the Dominican Republic |
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| Intervention by the US in Haiti in which the US dispatched marines to the Dominican Republic the quell riots and protect Americans. |
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| "Necessary Intervention" in the Virgin Islands |
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| The purchase of the Virgin Islands from Denmark to protect US canal access and shipping. |
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