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Land bridge between Russia and Alaska across Bering Sea.
Used by hunters/gatherers seeking game- passage used by first Americans |
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Earliest tribe to use agriculture in US (500 B.C.)
Lived in "four corners" states (Utah, New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado)
Dissipate after drought in 1200 A.D. |
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City on banks of Mississippi (St. Louis)
Largest city in pre-discovery America, founded by merging of tribes. Worship sun-god, build pyramids/burial mounds.
Built during agriculture revolution in Midwest (800 A.D.) |
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First hunters/gatherers in U.S.
Remains found in Clovis, New Mexico.
Hunted animals to extinction. |
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3000 B.C., Central Mexico.
First villages, hunters/gatherers settle down.
Permanent food sources. |
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| Enemies of the Iroquois. Inhabit Great Lakes and Eastern Seaboard. Make treaties with Europeans. |
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| Enemies of the Algonquians and Europeans. Inhabit upstate NY and Pennsylvania. |
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| Influence of the Horse on Native Americans |
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Spanish horses introduced in 1720 A.D.
Allows buffalo hunting, causes turf war.
Social structure reconfigured around horse. |
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| "Mexica." Very warlike. Moved from S. Mexico into Central Mexico and established elaborate tribute system with subordinate tribes. Used human sacrifice to keep gods from destroying the earth. |
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| Extremely advanced tribe in Peru/Chile. Roads, iron. 1500s split by civil war. |
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| Disease and Native Americans |
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| Pre-discovery, no disease due to lack of domesticated animals. Many killed by European diseases due to lack of antibodies. Indians pass on syphilis to Europeans. |
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1340s, caused by Yersina Pestis carried by fleas/rats passed from the Mongol raider horses.
1/3 Europeans die. The rest weakened.
Renaissance emerges- return to better times (Classicism).
Lack of workers causes need for efficiency (printing press)
The Travels of Marco Polo inspires trade with East. |
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| Crusades and Eastern Trade |
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1087- Crusades bring back Eastern goods (silk, spices, tea) Christian holding of Jerusalem allows trade.
1450s- Muslims hold Jerusalem, lack of land road to trade with China. |
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| Spain drives Moors out of Spain 800 to 1491. Leaves Spain with extra money from Moor treasure. |
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| Portugal and Early Expansion |
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First to investigate sea route to China.
Prince Henry the Navigator funds sea missions (looks for African Christian king of myth) Creates supply stations down African coast.
One of the first consolidated countries.
1497- rounds Cape of Good Hope
1498- establishes trade route to India |
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