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American History
Chapter 4
37
History
8th Grade
09/20/2008

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Term
Subsistence Farming
Definition
New England farmers would produce enough to meet the needs of their families, with little left over to sell or ecxhange.
Term
Triangular Trade
Definition
When colonial mechants DIDN'T go to England and back. Instead, sugar and molasses to West Indies, from West Indies to New England etc etc.Page 103 study
Term
Cash Crop
Definition
Crops that could be sold easily in markets in the colonies and overseas.
Term
Diversity
Definition
Germans, together with Dutch, Swedish and other non-English immigrants - with diversity came tolerance for religion and cultural differences. Not in New Enland.
Term
Southern Colonies: Tidewater
Definition
Where the largest Southern plantations were located, it was flat low lying plains along the seacoast - sometimes located on rivers so crops could be shipped easily
Term
Back Country
Definition
Region west of the Tidewater were the hills and forests climbing up toward the Appalachian Mountains. Hardy newcombers - grew corn, and tabacco on small farms.
Term
Overseers
Definition
People who were hired to oversee the slaves and keep them working hard.
Term
Slave Codes
Definition
Strict rules governing the behavior and punishment of enslaved Africans.
Term
Middle Passage
Definition
The inhumane part of the triangular trade, shipping enslaved Africans to the West Indies.
Term
Mercantilism
Definition
English manufacturers used raw materials to produce finished good which they sold to the colonist.
Term
Export
Definition
to sell abroad
Term
Import
Definition
to buy from foreign markets
Term
Smuggling
Definition
to trade illegally with other nations - against the law.
Term
Charter Colonies
Definition
Connecticut and Rhode Island - established by settlers who had been given a charter, or a grant of rights and privileges.
Term
Proprietary colonies
Definition
Delaware, Maryland and Pennsylvania - were ruled by proprietors. Generally free to rule as they wish.
Term
Royal Colonies
Definition
Georgia, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina , South Carolina, and Virginal - ruled by Britain.
Term
Great Awakening
Definition
religious revival. Preachers Jonathan Edward and George Whitefield
Term
Apprentices
Definition
Families arranged for their sons to work as indentured servants for farmers to learn the craft and trade.
Term
Literacy
Definition
the ability to read and write.
Term
Enlightenment
Definition
the increased interest in science. -Nature, staged experiments and published findings. Benjamin Franklin
Term
Southern Colonies : Crops of Maryland and Virginia
Definition
Tobacco
Term
Southern Colonies: Crops of South Carolina and Georgia
Definition
Rice - very popular in Southern Europe, price rose, South Carolina and Georgia had the fastest growing economies
Term
Great Awakening
Definition
1720 - 1740's - a religious rivival which swept through the colonies. Preachers Jonathan Edward, George Whitefield. Created awareness of the importance of religion in people's lives.
Term
Magna Carta
Definition
Limited government - protection against unjust punishment and loss of life, liberty and property, excpt according to law.
Term
Effects of Great Awakening
Definition
1. New religious groups are formed - baptist, methodists, presbyterians 2. Empahasis on education grows. 3. People are equal before God. 4. Americans are more willing to challenge authority.
Term
Iroquios Nation
Definition
Established in 1570 - Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida. Played the British against French & dominated the area around the Great Lakes.
Term
Militia
Definition
group of civilians trained to fight in emergencies - 150 men.
Term
General Edward Braddock
Definition
appointed by Great Britain in 1754 to force the french out of the Ohio Valley. He was killed
Term
William Pitt
Definition
the new leader after Braddock
Term
Treaty of Paris
Definition
France was permitted to keep some of its sugar-producing islands in the west indies, but forced to give Canada and Mississippi River to Great Britain. The Treaty ended Frances power in North America
Term
John Peter Zenger
Definition
Freedom of the Press - he faced charges of libel for printing a critical report about the royal governor of NY. He was found NOT guilty.
Term
Women's voting rights
Definition
They had none.
Term
New England Colonies
Definition
New Hampshire, Massachusettes, Rhode Island, Conneticut
Term
Middle Colonies
Definition
New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware
Term
Southern Colonies
Definition
Georga, South Carolina, North Carolina Virginia, Maryland.
Term
13 Colonies
Definition
New Hampshire, Massachusettes, Rhode Island, Conneticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia.
Term
Picawillany
Definition
War that led to the French and Indian War. The purpose was to drive the British out of Ohio
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