Term
| Emancipation Proclamation |
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Definition
| the legal processes Abraham Lincoln used to free slaves |
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| officially abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime |
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| the director of the freedman's bureau at the headquarters in Washington. |
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| Bureau of Refugees Freedman and Abandoned Lands |
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| created in March 1865, issued rations to destitute blacks and whites, was a mediator for sharecropping and labor contracts, responsible for black schools |
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| 1865-southern whites use this to undermine black independence and give them control over former slaves; ensured them to have workers for their crops. |
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| a provision of the black codes that states, blacks can not roam about without being employed, must be under contract otherwise pay a fine or be placed in jail |
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| unionist democrat that succeded President Lincoln, was brought on board to get support from the southerners; later took Lincoln's position as president. |
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| wanted change and black equality, led by Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner who believed wanted civil and military leaders of the confederacy to be punished, the legal rights of slaves be protected, and the property of wealthy southerners who aided in the war be confiscated and divided among the freedmen |
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Term
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Definition
1. 10% of the population in 1860 had to provide an oath of allengence
2. Nullification of laws of succession(confederate laws dont exist)
3. Repudation of confederate war debt (not getting paid for freed slaves)
4. Admit black slaves are free
5. Blacks who owned property and could read and write could vote in the next election. |
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Term
| Johnsons Plan for Reconstruction |
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Definition
| 1865-1867- Admit to 13th amendment (abolishment of slavery) and anyone with 25,000 profits or more be stripped of their citizenship rights however, they could personally request a pardon and be cleared of wrongdoing. |
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| from massachusetts, man behind the Freedman's Bank also a radical republican for black equality |
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| A congressman who advocated a breakup of Southern plantations to give slaves "forty acres and a mule" in return for their years of unpaid labor |
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Term
| Civil Rights Bill of 1866 |
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Definition
| the first time in U.S. history a major piece of legislature overrides a presidential veto. (confers civil rights to blacks, gave freedman's bureau the right to let blacks argue aganst whites). Also negated black codes (14th amendment) |
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| A constitutional change ratified in 1868 granting citizenship to all former slaves by declaring that anyone born in the United States is a citizen. It also extended to blacks the rights of due process by law and equal protection under the law. |
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| in 1866 there is an off year election and Andrew Johnson tries to gain support for his platform and campaign however he loses support and the power switches to republicans |
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Term
| Congressional Reconstruction |
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Definition
| in 1867 and 1877 rebuilding the devastated South by extending the ideas of liberty, equality, and opportunity to African Americans, included a list of things southerners had to do before being brought back into the union. involved the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 and the 14th and 15th amendments. |
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Term
| Military Reconstruction Act |
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Definition
| in 1867 the south divided into 5 military districts because of violence each district was policed by an army general (marshall law) |
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| suffrage for black men 21 and up |
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| name given to white southerners who cooperated with the republican party and the Freedman's Bureau. |
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| name given to northerners who came south to assist in the reconstruction process, also cooperated with blacks and the freedman's bureau. (used blacks to get the black vote) |
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| secratary of state aquired aquisition of Alaska (became American territory) |
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| blacks invited to stay on land with the slave owners but recieve 1/3 of crops and provided with cotton seeds vegetable seeds implements (tools), did this through contracts supervised by the Freedman's Bureau. |
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| in 1864 congress approach to reconstruction, they disliked Lincolns plan and called for 50% or majority of each state, Lincoln pocket veto's this bill and it dies |
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Definition
| origin of black politics, organization that supports the union, carpetbaggers got elected through this organization |
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Definition
| in 1866 led by Nathan B. Forrest, unorganized group led in sections of different states, focused on intimidation and violence towards blacks, Johnson refused to interfere with this and states rights |
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Term
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| blacks have huge population in 1865, there are now churches, schools,and neighborhoods. A black hack driver (person who transports individuals in cities) collides with a white mans vehicle, the white man gets out and beats the black man and a riot starts. |
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Term
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Definition
| at a political rally with white radicals, a riot breaks out due to racial tensions |
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| in 1867 congressional radicals forbade the president to remove civil officials, including members of his own cabinet, without the consent of the Senate. |
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| secratary of war (radical) who was cooperating with the radicals, The Tenure Office Act was protecting him from losing his position |
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| Provisions of Black Codes |
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Definition
1. Vagrency laws
2. Apprentice laws
3. Could not testify against whites
4. Not allowed to own land
5. Could not bear arms
6.Must observe curfew
7. Must legalize marriages |
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Term
| Spread of Baptist & Methodist Churches |
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Definition
| African americans purchasing land and building their own churches and creating schools within them, begin to see black communities surrounding churches. |
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Term
Freedman's Savings and Trust Co.
Freedman's Bank |
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Definition
| place where black soilders could keep their money safe |
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Term
| Which states accepted Lincoln's 10% Plan? |
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Definition
| Arkansas, Tennessee, Louisiana |
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Term
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Definition
| most southerners are affiliated only with the democrats (one party) |
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Term
| Trial and Impeachment of Andrew Johnson |
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Definition
| Congress deliberated and voted and a mojority of the vote went to Senate which plays like a court in which Andrew Johnson was aquitted. |
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Term
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Definition
| Efforts to end slavery and the slave trade. |
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Term
| Black Public Elected Officials |
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Definition
| 22 blacl males served congress between 1870-1901, 1st elected black to congress was HIRAM REVELS who was succeded by BLANCHE K. BRUCE, JOSIAH T.WALLS was the first elected out of Florida. |
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| represented Florida on the national level, served as superintendent of public instruction (oversees public school system of florida) Also served as secratary of state. well educated, best educated in Florida, studied abrad at University of London |
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Definition
| among 1st African American to study at Westpoint, did not complete military duties, came south and became involved with reconstruction politics. 1887 he sponsored deal that created FAMU, and also brought about education for black population above elementary school. |
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Definition
| created school for freed blacks in the south in 1861 near Hampton, the school was sponsored by the American Missionary Association (AMA) |
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Term
| American Missionary Association (AMA) |
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Definition
| largest organization engaged in Freedman's organization in the South; helped pay teachers salaries, Solicited funds for schools such as Howard, Fisk, Atlanta University, was an anti-slavery association, believed in puritan christian education/religion(not slave religion/emotional religion). The teachers from the north were beaten/killed and tormented by other whites. |
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Definition
| states only allowed black teachers to teach at public schools, a dual system of education- one for whites and one for blacks. |
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| supported with teachers by the AMH, provided the building, created and published books for blacks |
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| Just for blacks included Fredrick Douglass, Abraham Lincoln facts, and proper etiquitte for blacks. |
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Term
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| started out in a box car (part of train), pulled a box car out and started teaching from it. |
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Term
| 1876 Presidential Election |
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Definition
| disputed election (people voting unfairly) between Samuel Tilden of N.Y. and Rutheford Hayes of Ohio |
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Term
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Definition
| Democrats concieve a republican victory, only if the troops were withdrawn from South, and reconstruction is put to an end. Southerners put on Cabinet, Southerners regain control of government jobs in the South |
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Term
| Freedman and Reorganization of Plantation Labor |
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Definition
| Barrow Plantation- wrote an article on how to manage blacks as freedman. placed channels, streams, homes with families that wanted to be together let blacks manage their land but planted crops, also let blacks take on last names. |
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| A person who must work for a period of years to gain freedom. |
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| phrase used in the Southern United States mainly by Southern politicians and authors who wanted to illustrate the importance of the cotton crop to the Confederate economy during the American Civil War |
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| sharecropping in the South w/ black laborers that become bound to the land |
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