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American History: 1945 to Present
Review of events, politics, and cold war that dominated the 20th century
103
History
Undergraduate 1
12/06/2009

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Cards

Term
Harry S. Truman
Definition
President 1945 to 1953
Term
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Definition
President 1953 to 1961
Term
John F. Kennedy
Definition
President 1961 to 1963
Term
Lyndon B. Johnson
Definition
President 1963 to 1969
Term
Richard M. Nixon
Definition
President 1969 to 1974
Term
Gerald R. Ford
Definition
President 1974 to 1977
Term
Jimmy Carter
Definition
1977 to 1981
Term
Ronald Reagan
Definition
President 1981 to 1989
Term
George H. W. Bush
Definition
President 1989 to 1993
Term
William J. Clinton
Definition
President 1993 to 2001
Term
Whitaker Chambers
Definition
Defected communist spy who testified against Alger Hiss and predicted the downfall of the soviet union through its satellite states
Term
Betty Friedan
Definition
First president of the National Organization for Women in 1966
Term
George F. Kennan
Definition
"the father of containment" Kennan had a significant impact on Truman's administration regarding foreign policy
Term
George C. Marshall
Definition
Military leader under Roosevelt and developer of the Marshall Plan
Term
Marshall Plan
Definition
European Recovery Program that rebuilt Europe's economy after WWII
Term
Thomas E. Dewey
Definition
Favored winner of the election of 1948 but was upset by Truman
Term
Douglas MacArthur
Definition
Developer of the proposed invasion of Japan and handled the Korean War. He was relieved of his public position because of his different view about the Korean War from Truman
Term
Alger Hiss
Definition
Charged with being a Soviet spy and was part of a very controversial case which eventually convicted him for jail time
Term
Joseph R. McCarthy
Definition
Senator who started a communist witch hunt in the government and claimed many spies had infiltrated the government
Term
J. Edgar Hoover
Definition
First director of the FBI
Term
Joseph Stalin
Definition
Soviet dictator from 1941 to 1953
Term
Jack Kerouac
Definition
Progenitor of the Hippie Movement, Kerouac was a great literary figure and rebel of the 1950s
Term
Elivs Presley
Definition
The King, and a great culture figure of the 60s and 70s
Term
John Foster Dulles
Definition
U.S. Secretary of State under Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959. Advocated an aggressive stance on communism
Term
Dean Acheson
Definition
Secretary of State in the Truman administration and most known for his convincing of Truman to intervene in Korea
Term
Ho Chi Minh
Definition
Vietnamese Communist revolutionary who led the Viet Minh independence movement
Term
Ngo Dinh Diem
Definition
First president of South Vietnam who was extremely corrupt and very inefficient politician who the U.S. grew very frustrated with regarding his lack of control over his country. Diem was eventually assassinated and an increase in American intervention began
Term
Nikita Khruschev
Definition
Led the Soviet Union during the Cold War and was a very rash and very angry communist who built the Berlin wall, started the Cuban Missile crisis, and said threatening things
Term
Martin Luther King Jr.
Definition
Civil Rights activist who advocated for peaceful demonstrations for the civil rights of Blacks
Term
Rosa Parks
Definition
Arrested for not moving to the back of a bus for a white man and started the bus boycotts
Term
Earl Warren
Definition
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who started the "warren court" (liberal) and decided on cases such as Brown v. Board of Education, Gideon v. Wainwright, Mranda v. Arizona, Loving v. Virgina
Term
Lee Harvey Oswald
Definition
Assassin of JFK
Term
Malcolm X
Definition
African-American Muslim who was a human rights activist who supported violent black retaliation to white supremacy
Term
Huber H. Humphrey
Definition
Narrowly lost the 1968 presidential election to Nixon
Term
William Westmoreland
Definition
American General in command of the American military operations in Vietnam during the height of the war and the Tet offensive
Term
Dean Rusk
Definition
Secretary of State for both JFK and LBJ
Term
George C. Wallace
Definition
"the most influential loser" was a Democrat who ran for president 4 times and supported pro-segregation legislation
Term
Bob Dylan
Definition
Counterculture musical artist who was extremely popular
Term
Fidel Castro
Definition
Dictator of Cuba who took control through a communist revolution
Term
Henry Kissinger
Definition
A foreign policy king, Kissinger was a National Security Adviser and a Secretary of State in the Nixon administration and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
Term
Mao Zedong
Definition
Communist leader of the revolutionary movement in China (killed lots of people)
Term
Jiang Jieshi
Definition
Military leader of China who lost china's mainland and retreated to Taiwan
Term
John Dean
Definition
Main manipulator of the Watergate crimes
Term
Ayatollah Khomeini
Definition
Political and Religious leader of Iran who held Americans hostage for hundreds of days
Term
Mikhail Gorbachev
Definition
Soft Communist leader of the Soviet Union who took down the Berlin wall and witnessed the fall of communism in Moscow
Term
Thurgood Marshall
Definition
First Black American Justice to serve on the Supreme Court
Term
Jackie Robinson
Definition
First Black American Baseball player
Term
Barry Goldwater
Definition
Highly controversial Republican Candidate who advocated or at least alluded to using Nukes
Term
John Paul II
Definition
First Polish Pope and was influential in the ridding of Communism from many European states
Term
Henry Wallace
Definition
Vice President under Roosevelt
Term
Taft-Hartley Act
Definition
Federal Law which monitors activities and power of labor unions
Term
Camp David Accords
Definition
Secret negotiations for the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty under Carter
Term
CIA
Definition
Intelligence gathering independent agency that provides national security intelligence to senior U.S. policymakers
Term
Greek-Turkish Aid Bill (1947)
Definition
Bill that gave money to these governments in order to help them prevent communist takeovers
Term
Truman Doctrine
Definition
Free countries should not be subject to revolutions of minority parties with violent rebellions (communism)
Term
NATO
Definition
North Atlantic Treaty Organization EST. 1949 military alliance
Term
Collective Security
Definition
Security arrangement in which all states cooperate collectively to provide security for all by the actions for all against any states within the groups which might challenge the existing order by using force
Term
Containment
Definition
U.S. attempts using military, economic, and diplomatic strategies to temper the spread of Communism and prevent a "domino effect"
Term
GI Bill of Rights
Definition
Bill that provided college or vocational education for veterans of WWII and as well as one year unemployment compensation
Term
Beatniks
Definition
Social slang for a group of youths, beginning counterculture roots
Term
NAACP
Definition
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People EST. 1909
Term
SCLC
Definition
Southern Christian Leadership Conference EST 1957 Martin Luther King JR. Civil rights activists
Term
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Definition
Boycott used to oppose racial segregation in the public transportation system
Term
Watergate
Definition
political scandal named after the hotel it took place in which led to the resignation of Nixon and the initial break-in was relatively useless
Term
SALT
Definition
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks which regarded armament control
Term
Reaganomics
Definition
Economic policy of decreasing taxes and regulation in order to increase federal revenue
Term
Iran-Contra Scandal
Definition
Scandal during the Reagan administration where U.S. officials facilitated the sale of arms to Iran in order to secure release of hostages and fund Nicaraguan contras
Term
Domino Theory
Definition
Theory that if one country fell to communism, it would quickly spread
Term
Great Society
Definition
vision of LBJ to reform American policy to rid poverty and racial injustice
Term
Economic Opportunity Act
Definition
central to the Great Society vision of LBJ which included many social programs to promote health, education, and general welfare among the poor
Term
Vietnamization
Definition
Buy-time, gradually building up strength of South Vietnam and re-equipping it with modern weapons
Term
OPEC
Definition
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries EST 1960
Term
Warsaw Pact
Definition
Pact for the mutual defense for eight communist states making up the soviet union (response to NATO)
Term
Federal highway Act of 1956
Definition
Establishment of highways
Term
Roe v. Wade
Definition
Supreme court decision upholding a woman's right to choose an option of abortion up to a limited time
Term
Watts
Definition
Rioting in LA that left over a 100 dead and thousands wounded and arrested. All because of police brutality and discrimination on black Americans
Term
Black Power Movement
Definition
Political movement that emphasized separation from whites and blacks and racial pride for black political and cultural institutions.
Term
SDS
Definition
Students for a Democratic Society. Radical protesting students which lead to the formation of many "new left" thinking including the Weathermen Underground
Term
Counterculture
Definition
Culture of the 60's that defied regular society with durgs, sex, and rock n' roll
Term
Detente
Definition
relaxing or easing, term has been used for international politics especially when the reduction of tensions between the Soviets and U.S. during the end of the Cold War
Term
Stagflation
Definition
where inflation and economic stagnation occur simultaneously
Term
Levittown
Definition
Famous town for sociologists to study
Term
War on Poverty
Definition
presented by LBJ during his State of the Union where he proposed a reduction in poverty through the OEO (Office of Economic Opportunity)
Term
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
Definition
Two minor naval skirmishes off of North Vietnam allegedly unprovoked allowed LBJ use a formal declaration of war without Congress
Term
Bay of Pigs
Definition
Failed invasion of Cuba led by the CIA and Cuban exiles
Term
Brown v. Board of Education
Definition
desegregation of schools
Term
Equal Rights Amendment
Definition
Equal rights amendment of the constitution that maintains equal rights on account of sex, never ratified
Term
Strategic Defense Initiative
Definition
Ronald Reagan's attempt to protect nuclear attack from outer space (STAR WARS)
Term
Cold War
Definition
War lasting between the Soviets and U.S. that was wagged between armament of nuclear weapons and spread of communism/democracy
Term
Immigration Act of 1965
Definition
Abolished national-origin quotas that had been in place in the U.S. since the Act of 1924
Term
Massive Retaliation
Definition
Military doctrine or nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack
Term
Nixon Doctrine
Definition
1)US will keep all of its treaty commitments 2)Provide a shield if a nuclear power threatens freedom of allied nations 3)furnish military and economic assistance when requested in accordance with treaty commitments
Term
Black Panthers
Definition
Radical civil rights movement group that used violence in order to overthrow racial oppression
Term
Tet Offensive
Definition
Secret offensive of NVA and Viet Cong where they launched an all out attack during a cease fire with tanks and everything. It turned out to be a mistake for them in the end
Term
Viet Cong
Definition
Underground civilian population who fought for the communist revolution in Vietnam
Term
NLF
Definition
National Liberation Front, communist revolutionary groups
Term
Berlin Wall
Definition
separation from East and West Germany dividing the Iron Curtain from Democracy
Term
Helsinki Accords (1975)
Definition
An attempt to improve the relations between the Communist bloc and the West
Term
Year of highest troop levels in Vietnam
Definition
1968
Term
Korean war starts
Definition
1950
Term
Armstice ends Korean war
Definition
1953
Term
Diem assasination brings U.S. into vietnam
Definition
1954
Term
Atomic bomb drop
Definition
1945
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