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| This is the exchange of things between the old world of Europeans and the new world of Native Americans. Begun in the late 1400’s especially, things such as crops, weeds, animals, and many diseases were spread between people. These diseases, such as small pox, had a lot of influence in the ability for the Europeans to take over Native land. It also gave Natives some advantages that they may not have had including horses. |
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| 1300 – 1500s. Native American settlement of about 30,000 people located near St. Louis on the Mississippi. This showed many of the achievements of the Native Americans and proved that they were not simply savages. |
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| settled by France’s Cartier in 1608, the French gathered many furs in this colony. The Indians thought that they could eat wood (hard tack) and drink blood (red wine) so they worked in an alliance with them. The French got rich and went home quickly, but this began the peaceful relations that the French kept with Natives in the new world. |
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| French Catholics in Eastern Canada in the 1500s to the 1700s. Significant for their relationship with the Native Americans of the area which was the beginning for friendly relationships between the French and Indians leading up to even the French and Indian War. However, this friendly relationship did not stop the many epidemics that came from the French that plagued the Natives of the area. |
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| French Explorer in Canada in the 1600s near Lake Champlain. He is significant for his founding of Quebec and helping bring tribes to trade with the French. |
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| The first area settled by Britain in 1587 in present day North Carolina in the Virginia colony, this is now known as the lost colony. Since Britain and Spain started a war right after the colony was founded, England did not come to check on its colony for 3 years, and when it did, there was no one left. |
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| settled in 1607 in the Chesapeake Region, this is England’s first “successful” colony. It started out as a corporate venture with the London (Virginia) Company. It was built along a river providing fresh drinking water and some protection, but it flooded spreading diseases like malaria quickly causing many deaths throughout the colony. |
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| are people who came over to the colonies from the old world largely in the 1600s as servants in order to pay for their passage. They would serve for a period of time to the person or company who paid for the journey and then they were free to get their own land in the colonies. Even though many died at first, it did help to begin to settle the colonies when many Europeans were wary of coming to the new world. |
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| Led by Nathaniel Bacon in 1676 against Governor William Berkeley in the Virginia colony. Deference, the differentiation of people by class, created this rebellion along with a treaty being signed limiting expansion. However, this rebellion, although it ended with Bacon’s death, led Gov. Berkeley to rework the treaty in order to further expand. |
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| were members of a reform movement within the Church of England in the 1600s located especially in present day Massachusetts and Rhode Island. There were two main sects, the Plymouth colony who believed that they needed to get rid of the Anglican Church all together, and the Massachusetts Bay Colony who believed that they could still work within the Church. The coming of many Puritans during the “Great Migration” was one of the first times that families were settling in the colonies rather than just men. |
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| Living in the 1600s, Williams was exiled to Rhode Island for his differing religious beliefs in the Massachusetts colony. He argued for Separation of Church and State because he believed that government would corrupt the State. He was also significant for being the founder of Providence, later part of Rhode Island. |
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| was exiled from Massachusetts in the 1630s for holding heretic views on religion. She began by only explaining sermons, and escalated to putting her own ideas into the discussions, but being a woman, this was unacceptable and she was exiled to Rhode Island before moving to Long Island and being killed in an Indian attack. |
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| Revolution in England in 1688 when King James II is overthrown by Parliament with the help of his daughter Mary and her husband William. The significance of this event is giving Parliament greater authority in England for good. |
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| a group of people from Pennsylvania in the mid-1600s who were largely pacifists. They were English, egalitarian, even allowing women to have such roles as preachers and also known as the Society of Friends. They were responsible for the founding of Pennsylvania largely led by William Penn. |
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| Founded in 1669 by Cooper, Charleston was significant as a center for agriculture concerns and having large amounts of slaves brought in during the 1700s. |
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| The trade of African slaves to the south and Caribbean for sugar/molasses to the North for rum back to Africa for slaves from 1500 – early 1800s. This meant that the North depended on slavery almost as much as the South and it made slavery profitable therefore continuing the trade while increasing mercantilism in the colonies. |
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| During the 1660’s and 70’s these were acts placed on the colonists by England and Parliament to combat colonists evasion of British mercantile policies. They were trying to sell to other countries, so these acts would make them pay taxes on anything leaving the country. This was one of the many things that angered the colonists eventually leading to the Declaration of Independence and the Revolutionary War. |
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| Philosopher of Enlightenment in England in the mid to late 1600s who spoke of life liberty and property. This is where Thomas Jefferson got the idea for life liberty and the pursuit of happiness for the Declaration. |
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| A religious revival in America in the mid-1700s. Some leaders include Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield who wanted to get a more emotional response from the people of their congregation. This prompted more people to go to church because they were interested again and were given hope of a saving grace. |
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| was a pastor during the Great awakening in the mid-1700s in Massachusetts. Instead of just speaking of hell fire and brimstone like usual, he spoke (outside) of grace redeeming the hope of congregations. |
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| In the mid-1700s between the colonies with Britain and the French with the Indians. It was accidently started by George Washington because he with his poor French skills killed a French ambassador. It started with French winning, but eventually Quebec falls. This leads to the drawing of the Proclamation line in 1763. |
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| (1763) was drawn in 1763 after the French and Indian War. Even though England got the land all the way to the Mississippi, this separated the colonists from the Indians and did not give them their right to property. This denial of one of Locke’s fundamental rights leads to the Declaration and the Revolutionary War. |
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| Levied on the colonists by the British in 1765, this put a tax on all paper products which raised the taxes by 10 fold. This was considered to be taxation without representation and was one of the many things that led to the Declaration and the Revolutionary War. |
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| Levied on the colonists by the British in 1667, this put a tax on all goods coming into the colonies. This was considered double taxing, and led to the Boston Massacre as well as the Declaration and Revolutionary War |
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| Committee of Correspondence |
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| Was used by Patriots to spread info and news across the US before the Revolutionary War in the 1770s. The first was set up in Massachusetts by Sam Adams. This is also significant because it was the first true American propaganda machine. |
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| In response to the Townshend Acts, occurring in Boston in 1770, British redcoats killed 4 civilians without orders (including one free black). As a result eight soldiers were arrested and charged with murder. |
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| In reaction to the Tea Act in 1773 in Boston Mass, colonists destroyed 3 shiploads of tea as a direct action against the British government and the East India Company. This led to the Intolerable Acts to be passed by the British and yet another step on the way to the Revolutionary War. |
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| was a group of acts passed by the British on the colonists in 1774. Four of which were in direct response to the Boston Tea Party and all were meant to reverse resistance in the colonies. Instead they further lead to the Revolutionary War. |
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| Lexington and Concord, Mass |
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| were the first two battles of the Revolutionary War between Britain and the colonists in 1775. Known as the shots that were heard around the world, these battles led to The Declaration of Independence and the rest of the Revolution. |
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| This is a pamphlet discussing the need for American freedom from Britain written by Thomas Paine in 1776 that was read throughout the colonies. It presented the American colonists with an argument for freedom from British rule at a time when the question of independence was still undecided. Additionally it was well-received by the middle class citizens because it was written more for the common person in the colonies, creating a much stronger more unified front against Britain in the War for Independence. Also, it sold 500,000 copies, second only to the Bible. |
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| was a petition written by the Continental Congress in 1775 and sent to Britain in an attempt to avoid a full-blown war with Great Britain. Originally written by Thomas Jefferson, most of it was rewritten of John Dickinson. However, the petition was rejected by Britain who instead declared the Proclamation of Rebellion and lead to the Revolutionary War. |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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| written in 1776 by Thomas Jefferson of Virginia, this was the official Declaration to Britain the colonies wanted to be free and independent of British rule. Using the ideas of John Locke, the Declaration is similar to others that have been written since. This is one of the most significant documents in American history as it was the official beginning of the Revolutionary War and our independence from England. |
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| was the main turning point in the Revolutionary war in favor of the Americans. Led by General Horatio Gates, this was fought in New York in 1777. |
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| was the site of the military camp in Pennsylvania where George Washington and the American Continental Army stayed during the winter of 1777-1778 during the Revolutionary War. Due to location and defense, it proved to be an excellent place to set up camp and helped Washington to continue the War into the next year, further tiring the British. |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| was written in 1781 after the Revolutionary War to give the colonies (now their own free country) a form of government. Only have a Congress with very limited power and no president, it worked ideologically for the country after Revolution, but it did not provide a strong enough central government to repay debts and create a strong country. The weaknesses in the articles led to various plans for reform and eventually the Constitution. |
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| written in 1787 and ratified in 1788, the Constitution was the new form of government after the Articles of Confederation. This created the government that we know today, including the Executive Branch with the President, Judiciary with the Supreme Court, and the Legislative with the House and Senate. It created a much stronger central government than the Articles. Additionally, the simplicity and openness of the document has made it an excellent example for constitutions written by other countries after our own. |
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| was given from Hamilton (Secretary of the Treasury) in 1791 to Congress as a financial report and recommended steps to take. It was significant because it advocated for the whiskey tax, the Bank of the US, and the assumption of state war debt by the national government |
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| proposed by Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of Treasury in 1790, this opened in 1791 in Pennsylvania. It was created to handle the financial needs and requirements of the central government of the newly formed United States and to deal with the debt incurred by the Revolutionary War. It also began to define the line between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans. |
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| was a rebellion of farmers primarily in Pennsylvania in the 1790s. They were protesting the new tax on whiskey. Farmers would often sell their corn in the form of whiskey, so this new tax was not pleasing to their profits. This rebellion was especially significant because it was the first true test of the new Constitution. Washington was able to take the national army (13,000 men) into West Pennsylvania and the rebels scattered without a shot. They “took out a mosquito with a sledgehammer,” but it showed the power of the national government. |
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| 1770 – 80’s in Mass. Daniel Shay, a farmer and Revolutionary War veteran, and his followers were angry of taxation and rebelled against the government. This showed the weakness of the Articles of Confederation and lead to the writing of the Constitution. |
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| a group of four bills passed in 1798 by President John Adams and the Federalists increasing the repression of the US after the French Revolution. This led to Jefferson writing the backcountry letters as well as the overwhelming election of Thomas Jefferson and the Democratic Republicans coming to power. |
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| came about due to the case of Marbury vs. Madison in 1803. The Judiciary Act of 1887 is ruled unconstitutional by Marshall. This was significant because it set the precedent of allowing the Supreme Court to rule laws unconstitutional. Without this and the case of Marbury vs. Madison, cases that we know such as Roe vs. Wade would not exist. |
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| Was the land bought from France in 1803 covering current Louisiana North through the Midwest. France sold us 828,000 square miles for $15 million. This helped to put Jefferson into an even further positive light and led to expansion of the US westward. |
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| Those people who sided with France during the Napoleonic Wars from 1789 – 1815. Mostly Democratic-Republicans. This was another point of contention between the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans. The combination of this contention, Citizen Edmond Genet, and the XYZ affair helped to lead to the Era of Good Feelings and a one party system after the War of 1812. |
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| was the minister sent from France to the US in 1793, but he was no diplomat. He tried to convince US to build ships in the name of France and invade Florida. He was an embarrassment to the Francophiles and helped to lead to the declining relationship between the US and France. |
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| In 1797 Adams send John Marshall to begin negotiations with the French Taliran. Taliran in turns hands it over to three of his subordinate who Adams termed as X, Y, and Z. France told Marshall that the US first needed to pay a bribe before any negotiations would be met. Adams was outraged and made a speech to the US. This led the US to departing the navy in 1798. |
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| An expedition through the Louisiana Purchase that helped to further expand the knowledge of the west in the early 1800s |
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| was the act especially in the early 1800s between Britain and the US. Since no British wanted to be a part of the Navy, they would abduct people (deserters, British, and even American citizens) from other ships and towns and force them to be a part of the British navy. This began putting an economic burden on the New England colonies especially. Finally they stopped the Chesapeake war ship and impressed 4 seamen. This would lead to the Embargo Act being levied by the US and ultimately the war of 1812. |
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| In 1807, this was an act released by Jefferson saying that whichever country (France or Britain) would respect American trading rights first, Jefferson will stop trading with the other country. Napoleon responds first and Jefferson puts embargo on British ships. However, in our attempt s to sail to France, the British continue to impress our ships. This led to Jefferson closing all ports completely in order to attempt to prevent war with Britain, but ultimately the War of 1812 is begun. |
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| These were the second generation of Americans and the children of the war heroes of the American Revolution in the early 1800s. Mostly in the South and West and largely Democratic-Republicans, they were looking for some quick glory through war like their parents/older generations. Henry Clay who spoke of the American system of food in the west, manufacturing in the North and cotton in the South was a notable War Hawk. They are also significant as contributors in entering the War of 1812. |
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| began in 1812 between the US and Britain. The US wanted to gain land in Canada, but battles were fought across the country. Although the US didn’t win, they also didn’t lose so the war helped to legitimize the US as an emerging power especially with victories like The Battle of New Orleans led by Andrew Jackson. It was in a sense, the coming out for the US showing that we could stand against one of the greatest military countries of the time, Britain. |
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| was the last battle of the War of 1812 between the British and the US in 1815 in the swamps of New Orleans led by Andrew Jackson. Even though a peace treaty had already been signed, the US ragtag misfit soldiers had an incredible victory over the British. This was important because it gave the US a sense of accomplishment about the war and brought in a great deal of nationalism. Additionally, it started Andrew Jackson as a war hero for later political actions. |
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| was a convention of Federalist in 1814 during the end of the War of 1812. It proposed 7 new amendments to the Constitution or New England would succeed from the Union. This was significant because it showed the Federalists as traitors, discrediting them, and led to the Monroe’s election and the Era of Good Feelings. |
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| invented by Eli Whitney in 1794 this machine removed the seeds from the cotton. This revolutionized slavery, cotton, and the South by increasing production ability by about 50 times. |
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| 1820’s during the Presidency of James Monroe. This was an era full of new political leaders and new technology. Additionally it was important because it is one of the only times in US history that we had a basically one party system. |
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| Proposed by Henry Clay in 1820, Missouri was admitted as a slave state with Maine admitted as a free state. It also closed slavery to any future states north of the 36˚ 30’ line. This was significant because it helped to keep the American system of food in the west, manufacturing in the North, and cotton in the South alive and thriving throughout the country. |
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