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| Northern states free slaves gradually. Slavery prohibited in Old Northwest by Ordinance of 1787. |
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| Proposed by Henry Clay. Slavery would be balanced by admitting Missouri as a slave state and admitting Maine as a free state. Further slavery above the Missouri in the Louisiana territory forbidden. |
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| American Colonization Society |
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| Funded removal of slaves to Africa/Liberia. No antibodies to disease. |
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Named after Tice Davids.
Used to "conduct" slave escapees to the North. Harriet Tubman makes 19 trips between Maryland and Canada. |
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Newspaper editor and supporter of racial equality.
Believed one had a moral obligation to break from a government or church that supported slavery. Encouraged the North to secede from the South. |
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| Friend to Garrison. Escaped mixed-race slave. broke with Garrison on the Union issue: Douglass believed that the way to free slaves was by remaining active in government, not breaking from it. |
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| First prominent female abolitionists. Equal rights for slaves and women. |
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Started off as an anti-slavery party that broke from Garrison's group because they didn't want women's equality.
Merged with the anti-slavery Whigs and became the Free Soil Party. |
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| Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo |
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| Gave U.S. CA, AZ, NM, UT, and all of TX |
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Proposed by David Wilmot.
All slavery banned from land acquired from Mexico. Slavery not allowed to expand. Not passed by Senate. |
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| First proposed by the Free Soil Party to limit slavery and large plantations. Land was given for free to small free farmers. |
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Wins presidency based on heroics in the Mexican War.
Pushed for free states. Dies of gastroenteritis. |
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Gold discovered near Sacramento. Eastern states migrate to West coast in 1849.
Causes a population increase enough for CA to be accepted as state. |
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Proposed by Henry Clay.
California admitted as free state, rest of Mexican-War territory would be unrestricted.
Slavery would be abolished in D.C. |
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| Disapproves of the Compromise of 1850, claims South is getting the short end of the stick again. |
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| In response to the Compromise of 1850, proposes that northerners give in to the South to prevent secession, |
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Becomes President after Taylor dies.
Willing to pass the Clay's Compromise of 1850. |
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| Replaces Clay. Heads Committee of 13. Breaks down compromise into separate acts. Adds stronger Fugitive Slave Act. |
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1. Owner could claim runaway slaves before a tribune.
2. Judges bribed to decide in favor of slave owners.
3. Federal and local officials had to help find runaways. |
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Reopens the slavery issue. Proposes creation of Kansas and Nebraska. Repeals Missouri Compromise. Slavery left to popular vote.
Proposed by Stephen A. Douglas. |
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| People cross borders to swell the pro-slavery vote. Abolitionists move into Kansas to stop slavery. Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Society promotes free soilers. War breaks out. |
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| Fanatic abolitionist. Life-for-life literal interpretation of the Bible. Feds have to restore order. |
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| Replaces the Whig party. Created in direct response to the K-N Act to stop spread of slavery into territories. |
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Scott sues for freedom after becoming a resident in Northern states. Supreme Court ruled that:
1. Slaves were not citizens and could not sue.
2. Temporary residence does not grant freedom.
3. Missouri Compromise is unconstitutional. |
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| Results of the Dred Scott Decision |
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Definition
| 1. Wilmot Provisio, Missouri Compromise, and Republican quenching of slavery halted |
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Lincoln (Rep. lawyer) challenges Senator Stephen Douglas to debates as a means of exposure.
What starts as a friendly rivalry turns nasty. |
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| Douglas (in seocnd L-D Debate): slavery can be prevented in new territories by state legislatures passing anti-slavery laws. Douglas wins re-election to Senate. |
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| Slave rebellion instigated and led by John Brown. Marines capture him. He is tried and found guilty, hung. Becomes martyr for Abolitionist Movement. Southerners suspect he was with Republicans. Southerners fear that if they remain in the Union the attacks will continue. |
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| Led by S. A. Douglas. Want Popular Sovereignty to decide slavery. |
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| Want Federal Slave Codes for the territories. Lose the Convention and leave. |
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| Republican Platform of 1860 |
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| Lincoln is candidate. No slavery in territories. Homestead Act. High Tariff. |
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| Constitutional Union Party |
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| No platform. Consists of people from the Upper South and border states who want election decided by House of Representatives. |
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| Lincoln's Inaugural Address |
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| After first wave of secession, Lincoln's address promises to enforce the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act and not to interfere with slavery where it already exists. |
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| House and Senate Compromises |
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Enforced Fugitive Slave Law
Personal Liberty Laws repealed.
Ensure slavery in the South forever.
Missouri Compromise line extended to CA. |
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| Fort Sumter and Fort Pickens |
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| Union forts in Charleston and Pensacola attacked by Confederate troops. Lincoln puts down rebellion with volunteer army. After this, other Southern states secede. |
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The Anaconda Plan. The Union would block trade and supplies with the navy and march down the Mississippi to split the South in two.
Lincoln adds: seize Eastern Theater/Richmond (capital and breadbasket) and Western Theater/Atlanta (railroads) |
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| Union army under McDowell tries to prevent the Confederate Congress from convening by attacking Beauregard's troops. At first, the Union does well, but Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson's stand and the arrival of reinforcements helped the Confederates. Then there was confusion with the uniforms on the Union side. |
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| Results of the First Battle of Bull Run |
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Definition
1. Superiority in the South
2. Redoubled ar effort in the North |
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| Main Union Army of the East. Under George McClellan. Turned army into well-disciplined strong troops. Never wanted to use the army. |
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| McClellan attacks Richmond from the peninsula, fewer Confederates. At Yorktown, Confederates make it appear as if they have more troops and artillery. At the Battle of the Seven Pines, Robert E. Lee takes command of the Confederates. |
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| Army of Northern VA/Lee vs. Army of the Potomac. Ended the Peninsula campaign by driving McClellan out of the peninsula. Heavy casualties. Established Lee's reputation, boosts Southern morale. Inspires Lincoln to consider Emancipation to deny Confederates this labor source. |
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| Second Battle of Bull Run |
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Definition
| General John Pope goes to meet Lee. Lee divides his army, sends Jackson from behind to capture supplies. Pope forced to attack Jackson and is destroyed. Leaves North open for Lee's invasion. |
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| Reasons for Lee to Invade North |
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Definition
I. Good for publicity.
II. Maryland might join
III. Army could live off of Maryland crops. |
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| Army smaller. McClellan discovers Lee's plans and blocks his path. |
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| Union disorganized. Bloodiest battle in American History. Lee's plans for Northern invasion are not accomplished. |
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| Emancipation Proclamation |
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| If the rebellion did not cease, then the slaves would be freed. Liberating the slaves reduced the Confederates' manpower. |
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| McClellan removed after Antietam because he did not end the fighting soon enough. Burnsides takes over. Moves army across the river and attacks Lee. Burnsides defeated. |
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| Key to Union victory in the West. Led by Union General Ulysses S. Grant. Starve the troops out, Confederates surrender at the point of mutiny. |
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| Arrogant Union commander. |
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| Hooker vs. Lee. Lee sends Jackson around and surprise attacks them. Stonewall Jackson accidentally fired upon by his troops, dies. |
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| Lee tries to invade North again. Tries to take Big and Little Round Top. Lee leads Pickett's charge in the middle of the Union line, believing it to be weaker there. They are picked apart by Union artillery. |
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Stops invasion of the North, gives Confederate army lots of casulaties.
Confederates obtain supplies.
Union does not chase after Confederates and they reach VA. |
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| Passed because enlistments had dropped and massive casualties suffered. You could hire a substitute or pay a one-time fee instead of enlisting. |
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| Immigrants worried that blacks would take over their jobs if they were enlisted. Army called in to restore irder. |
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| Lake of food and increase and population plus inflation. Women in Richmond riot in the city. |
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| Becomes Commander-in-Chief of Army of the Potomac. Strategy is to attack confederacy on all fronts. Needs war to end before election. |
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| Grant outnumbers Lee 2:1, Lee meets Grant in the Wilderness. Bad place for battle due to forest, Grant pushes South. |
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William Sherman takes Atlanta, Savannah, Carolinas.
Capture of Atlanta wins election for Lincoln. |
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| Grant cuts supply lines, surrounds Lee. Lee surrenders. |
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