Term
|
Definition
| Pardoned all Southerners (except ranking officers/officials) who took an oath pledging loyalty to the Union and support for emancipation. When 10% of a state's voters took this oath, they could convene to establish new gov't and apply for congressional recognition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A reconstruction program designed to punish Confederate leaders and destroy the South's slave society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Laws designed by the ex-Confederate states to sharply limit the civil and economic rights of freedmen and exploit the workforce. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1866 to define citizenship to include African Americans, guarantee equal protection before law, establish Fed gov't as the guarantor of individual civil rights. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| White Southerners' derogatory term for Northerners who came after the war to settle, work or aid the ex-slaves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| White Southerners' derogatory term for fellow whites considered traitors to their region and race for joining the Republican Party and cooperating with Reconstruction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1869 to provide an explicit constitutional guarantee for black suffrage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Best known of many terrorist organizations that targeted freedmen and symbols of black self-improvement and independence, reestablishing white supremacy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Campaign of violence waged by armed groups of Democratic whites that drove Republicans from power in the Miss. State elections of 1874 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| White Southern political leaders who returned their states to white Democratic rule. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1875 required state gov'ts to provide equal access in public facilities such as schools and for blacks to serve on juries. Ruled unconstitutional in 1883. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1876 resolution that handed Presidential victory to Republican Rutherford B. Hayes. Democrats agreed to deal in exchange for patronage and removal of federal troops from the South. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Northern Troops are in until the State Constitutional Convention is held to approve the 14th Amendment, also 15th if they wait too long. Elected officials MUST be voted into office by both blacks and whites. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lincoln's VP, he's the President Pro Tiem after Lincoln is assassinated. Impeached, though he remained in office. Concerned about low tariffs, small business interests, and that States should fund their own infrastructure. Attempted to veto the Freedman's Bureau, created to oversee transition of slaves to freedom. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Representative from Pennsylvania during the Civil war and Reconstruction. Wanted to use military power to recognize the Freedman's Bureau, and resolved to impeach Johnson when he resisted. Helped author the 14th Amendment and Reconstruction Acts. |
|
|
Term
| Emancipation Proclamation |
|
Definition
| Abolished slavery in all Confederate States. Had little effect until the war ended. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abolished slavery in all states without compensation to slave owners. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Union General during Civil war, followed Andrew Johnson into Presidency, doing little for the Reconstruction process due to his lack of real political knowledge. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resulted in the Compromise of 1877, where Hayes wins the electoral votes, with troops being pulled from the last three southern states. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An allegorical reference to the times of the USA at 1900, concerning things such as the gold standard, the American people and greenback paper money (the yellow brick road, Dorothy and the Emerald City, respectively) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Custer's Last Stand, decided to go at it with the Sioux, and all of his 265 men die. Afterward, many and most of the Sioux were forced to go to Canada. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Comstock lode in Nevada ($300 million in ore yielded there), with gold being found around 1849 though many do not stay rich. Gold rush is pretty much over in 4-5 years. Copper becomes Arizona's fortune. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Homestead Act gives 160 acres to farmers to improve within 5 years, if possible, they are given the land. Many plots are unworkable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cowboys, with many young, many black, as well as traveling to the north on cattle trails to sell for profit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Frequently denounced as a robber baron, making secret deals with railroads to undermine oil competition. Rockefeller Standard Oil. Incorporated the trust, shares in the profits, and the holding company, replaced trusts as the large holding companies were protected from the Sherman Act. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| With the combination of language and religion, many more immigrants create a barrier that prevent much conversion to other religions. They cannot understand the translation required to convert, nor would they want to, having their own religion. It was more of the efforts done to create social order to overcome these things. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Popularized by Herbert Spencer, he tailored it to fit modern industrial society as survival of the fittest, with the wealthy and powerful being the fittest and having the adaptability to enable them to succeed.Argued against aide to alleviate the plight of the poor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Multiple family dwellings of 4-6 stories housing dozens of families that became the most common form of housing for poor city dwellers by the 1860s. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Masses of immigrants came from Europe, as well as other parts of Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. from 1860-1900, 14 million people came. 1900-1920, another 14 million, bringing cities ethnic, racial and religious diversity the cities hadn't yet seen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Founded Hall House, a place where immigrants may be trained as Americans. For women, this meant bookkeeping or other related jobs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Boss Rule and the political machine. Where men provided many kinds of aid to mostly poor working class people for positive view in politics. Giving food, bailing people from jail, as well as manipulating vote counts and intimidating voters on election day to turn the elections their way. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A labor organization founded in 1869 that accepted workers of all trades and backgrounds, becoming the world's largest industrial union. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Socialist leader who denounced WWI as 'having the master class declaring war with the subjects fighting it.' He was given 10 years in prison, though pardoned by Harding after 3. While in prison, he still received votes as he ran for president. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A third party effort (the People's Party) launched in 1890 by a coalition of farmer organizations, reformers, and labor unions and dedicated to curbing corporate power and increasing the voice of the masses in politics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in 1920, alcohol became illegal after thoughts of righteousness. Reality proved organized crime and illegal smuggling increased. Prohibition was repealed in 1933, afterward showing that woman's right to vote impacted, both during and after, how women appeared. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lost 3 presidential elections, branded as a socialist, communist, populist and didn't have too much experience. Through World War I, he resigned as Wilson's Sec. of State due to disagreements in how their neutrality was being handled in the wake of the Lusitania incident. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| President after McKinley is assassinated, having been a Rough Rider in the Spanish American War, he was very concerned of America's image, setting aside many locations as federal land. Negotiated the end of the Russo-Japanese War. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Born a slave, eventually getting a degree from Hampton University. Advised African Americans to develop an economic base and find a job that will be around forever. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Government action to dissolve monopolies. TR, Taft and Wilson actively engaged in doing so, with TR being the first trustbuster-the Bully Pulpit. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Teddy Roosevelt's successor in the Presidency, couldn't properly follow TR. TR grew annoyed with Taft's tendencies to use trustbusting very liberally and ran against Taft's second term, securing Wilson in office. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| President during WWI, known to be pro segregation, especially in DC. Prior President of Princeton, having clashed with the Alumni. Became ill at the end of the war, never fully recuperating and eventually dying of the sickness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| John Scopes of Dayton, TN stepped forward to be tried of teaching Darwin's ideas in school after recent laws had banned the ideas. William Jennings Bryan led the prosecution of the case which led to Scopes being convicted and the law being upheld (until repealed in 1967). |
|
|
Term
| Spanish-American War and its causes |
|
Definition
| War concerning Cuban independence took off after the Maine exploded off the coast of Cuba. The war lasted 3 months |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Walk softly and carry a big stick, which TR took to mean to send the Great White Fleet around the world, announcing America. "Hello! We've arrived!" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the deal US makes with Panam after independence from Columbia. US can use 10 miles in Panama as though they were sovereign, $250k/yr for rent, paying $10 million outright. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Will build (and he did build) the Panama Canal, dropping the price to do so from $109+ million to $40 million. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Invented the Model T car, which was budgeted at very low prices to meet demand and keep better workers. Ford opted to pay his workers more and promise reasonable hours to reduce weariness (and mistakes). He wanted his own employees to be able to afford his cars. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Was the first to travel over the Atlantic by air. Afterward, he became a spokesman for commercial flight, which was a switch from the militarily |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Journalists that are outraged, but don't offer solutions. Instead they glorify what is wrong. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Written by Upton Sinclair, the book aimed for hearts, but knocked America in their stomach. About the meat packing industry, it led to the Meat Inspection Act of 1906 because of its disturbing truths. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Existential Themes in American Literature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Progressive reformer who wanted a secret ballot Encouraged conservations for public land to be set aside and reformed the railroad and insurance companies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wrote about Utopian societies, 1887-2000, as though the man had awakened in the future. The socialist society he called Nationalists. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inventor of the incandescent light bulb, phonograph, motion picture camera, mimeograph machine and more went on to become a business giant with his machines that enhanced the simple tasks of the day. |
|
|
Term
| Presidential Reconstruction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ways to restrict black voters without referring to race or ethnicity such as the literacy test, the poll tax, the grandfather clause, good character voucher, property requirements, and being registered to vote. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DIME novels and writer Ned Buntline, who wrote about "Buffalo" Bill Cody. Eventually became a stage play, where Cody and Buntline traveled the country with other sensations like Calamity Jane. See Western Films. See Mining, Cattle and Farmers Frontiers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| US soldiers open fire on a group of Sioux Indians on 12/29/1890 killing between two and three hundred. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Very educated, born after the war. Dubois encouraged the nurturing of the arts and those blacks who would lead the future. Wanted immediate integration and for the African Americans to stand up for their rights. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jamaican who founded UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association), saying all Blacks should go back to Africa. Went into bad business practices, indicted and hired himself as a lawyer but convicted of mail fraud. |
|
|
Term
| Henry Grady and the New South |
|
Definition
| Editor of the Atlanta Constitution, he wrote editorials and gave speeches about the industrialization of the south, pulling in many Northerners and Southerners who hadn't been planters. The New South surpassed the North in many industries, such as textiles, steel and iron. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Leader of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), which rarely admitted other than skilled white male workers into their ranks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The assassination of Franz Ferdinand sparked war between European Nations, while the Lusitania attack did nothing to quell those calling for war in the USA. Finally, Germany had been sending messages to Mexico, the Zimmerman Note, which confirmed Germany's aims to further conquer the world. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wilson outlined the 14 points to Congress of what he wanted to accomplish by declaring war against Germany, the importance of which was peace without victory, and spreading democracy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Possibly the scandal of the 1919 World Series, where the Black Sox threw their own game for financial gain. Shoeless Joe Jackson, though maintaining his innocence, participated. |
|
|
Term
| Revolution in manners and morals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| American feelings of American superiority where they called for immigration restrictions into the USA, as well as exposing the proposed dangers of the rising immigration population. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| President during the start of the Depression. Asked banks and industries not to lay off workers. Helped poor and cold get food and shelter, but his plans unraveled as the money he sent to companies rarely reached the workers. Popularity dwindled when unemployment was @ 20% in 1932. Sent military force against Bonus March. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tariff Act of 1930, may have helped contribute to Depression, as tariffs increased to support American goods, though exports lowered. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Corporate profits vs wages being increased. reduced American exports due to high tariff exchanges. Stock market crash of 1929. End of the war meant for farmers they had too much food, worth too little and too much debt to pay. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Successor to Wilson in presidency. He pardoned Eugene Debs from prison after his anti-war remarks. Harding also was known for the Teapot Dome scandal, where his cabinet member was caught accepting bribes from big businesses. Died of heart attack, and Coolidge became president. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| President who yearned for peace, trying to end aggressive war. Negotiated the Kellogg-Briand Pact that renounced war as national policy and agreed to resolve disagreements through peaceful means. He won Nobel Peace Prize. |
|
|
