Term
| The free black population represented what percent of the entire black population in the US in 1850? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did some freed slaves or blacks own their own family members? |
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Definition
1) gave a sense of protection for the owned family member
2) if they owned a slave, it showed they were not a slave themselves; free |
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Term
| In order of most favorable to least favorable, list the plantations a field hand would work on. |
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Definition
Most favorable: Tobacco Plantation
Rice Plantation
Cotton Plantation
Least Favorable: Sugar Cane Plantation |
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Term
| What were some conditions of a sugar cane plantation? |
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Definition
-lot of water aided in more disease
-short life expectancy- two years
-the slaves that mostly worked here were troublmakers so slave owners were particularly brutal in extracting as much labor as he could get in two years |
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Term
| Explain the difference between the Task System and the Gang System |
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Definition
Task: slave population organized seperately based on task. Once the task was completed to satisfaction, they were done for the day
Gang: bell rings, fall out for work detail, told what to do and they do it until the bell rings again and they can stop for the day |
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Term
| What is the justification for violent discipline of slaves? |
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Definition
| Without the owner's ability to punish violently without repercussions, nothing would get done. |
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Term
| What are some ways in which owners dealt with runaway slaves? |
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Definition
Whips were the most frequent form of discipline.
-Bull whip: used to welt the skin or break skin eventually
-Cat-of-nine-tails: whip with frayed braided knots, stone, or bits of metal, used to break and rip out chunks of flesh
Some used a ball and chain
Hobbling (sliced the Achilles tendon)
--one thing that would NOT be done is withholding food or water because it wouldn't benefit the owner if they were unhealthy or dead |
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Term
| What was the maintenance ratio of a slave? |
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Definition
100: 15
100 dollars extracted for labor, 15 dollars used in upkeep of the slave |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of a slave cabin? |
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Definition
drafty
glass windows
drafty door
did have blankets and some furniture |
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Term
| What was always in the forefront of a slave owners mind? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the three things that slave owners constantly worried about with their slaves? |
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Definition
| Slave rebellion, sabatage, and running away |
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Term
| Explain Nat Turner's Rebellion |
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Definition
-Model slave with model master
-Nat was a godly man who prayed hours a day, meditated, fasted, spoke to God and God spoke to him
-When Nat was 22 he ran away for a month
-God spoke to him and told him to return to his master and that He had a greater plan for Nat
-Nat returned but began to conpire to rebel
-Uprising was set to July 4, 1831 but he gets sick and reschedules to August 22
-Turner and fellow conspirators enter master's home with weapons and slit master, misterss, and children's throats
-slaves were freed
-This continues for 2 and a half days
-Most slaves didn't free themselves and stayed on plantation in fear of what might happen
-70 wives killed, 70 slaves participated in uprising but 300 were put to death bc gov believed that even though they didn't participate, they still didn't do anything to stop it or tell someone what was going on.
-Most conpirators were put on death before the trial
-Turner was captured October 20, tried on the fifth and convicted and sentenced to death on Nov 11
-Turner was hanged, skinned, drawn and quartered, and burned to "send a message"
-after rebelion, freedom of movement of free blacks curtailed
-free blacks now had to wear a badge and had to seek a permit
-control of uprisings were maintained by FEAR |
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Term
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Definition
Most frequently used form of resisting slavery
-It was more about stealing time and stealing back a slave's humanity.
-examples include: burning down a barn
Cooking poison into food
-some cotton plantation workers would sabatoge cotton bails by urinating in them
-stab a rock until the hoe breaks so they could go back and get another one, buy time.
-Stuck hand in beehive
--this eventually backfires on the slaves because slave owners believe they can't take care of themselves so they must continue slavery to keep them alive since they can't do it themselves. |
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Term
| Explain running away as a means of escape for slaves. |
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Definition
-Hard to get accurate number of runaway slaves, maybe 10,000
-Wasn't announced, some nationally known like Fredrick Douglas
-many used the Underground railroad. |
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Term
| What was the Underground railroad? |
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Definition
-Most popular way of running away
-looseley organized system that operated on a cell basis
-most famous conductor was Harriet Tubman |
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Term
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Definition
-Underground Railroad Conductor
-Knew the entire route
-carried a gun for three reasons: 1) protection. 2) motivation for the other slaves that tried to back out of the process. 3) to take her own life.
- She was a slave herself that had escaped from Maryland
-Had a condition where she would faint or black out bc she was kicked in the head by a slave owner or a horse at the age of 13
-1849 she escapes slavery and returns to Maryland to assist her sister and a few other family members, and returns on 19 seperate occasions to free slaves.
-After civil war begins, Harriet Tubman continues as a scout for army, spy, and field nurse. |
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Term
| Who was Henry "The Box" Brown? |
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Definition
-Born in 1815
-1849 he put together a plan of running away that he'd been workin gon for about a year
-he bought a box with water and food and nailed himself shut in it to be mailed to the abolitionist center
-it took him about 27 hours to arrive. |
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Term
| How do we justify the institution of alavery? |
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Definition
It is our right as conquerors
-history: Greeks, Romans, etc
-Arguments were made by Robert E. Lee that slavery was evil, but a necessary evil, and that it was actually helping slaves
-Believe they had to go through it to end up civilized
-Slaves in U.S. are better off than being free in Africa
-Jefferson also agreed with this view
-Africans weren't even humans, more like owning a horse or a cow
-Religion: no condemnation of slavery in the Bible
-the bible actually rules on how slavery and masters are to relate to one another
-story of Hamm for justification of slavery
-trying to avoid a constitutional crisis |
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Term
| Why is it, that as the civil war gets closer and closer, slave owning states begin to apologize less for slavery and call norhterners hypocrites? |
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Definition
-They treat workers worse than they treat slaves
-South has pension plan on their slaves, still feed and house them, but the north just discards their workers and don't really care |
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Term
| Who were the Know- Nothings? |
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Definition
Secret organization, crossed party lines, when asked about it people in it responded, "I know nothing."
-Formalized into the American Party
-Had an Anti-Immigrant perspective- didn't want Catholic countries
-Believed it was impossible to be a good American and a good Catholic; a question of loyalty
-How could you be loyal to the papacy and the U.S.?
-Believed that the papacy represented a threat to the U.S. particularly given the increase of immigration
-Believed that the immigrants weren't assimilating, not becoming Americanized |
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Term
| What was the American Party- 1852-1856? |
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Definition
Party created around the ideals of the know nothings
-Called for severe limitations on immigrations especially from Catholic nations
-Wanted to limit the influence of immigrants on politics
-Called for increase for the time it takes for an immigrant to become naturalized citizen
-Wanted to limit pubic education to protestants only
-Scripture readings should only be taken from Protestant bible, not Catholic bible
-Bar the sale of production of alcohol
Party disappears after 1860 as the issue that emerges is slavery and they were only focused on immigrants |
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Term
| What are the 4 terms of the Compromise of 1850? |
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Definition
1) California comes in as a free state (victory of emerging free soil)
2) New Mexico territory will be decided by popular soverignty (51%)
-Squatters Rights
-Success for slave states
3) Nod to the free states
-Slave trade is ONLY abolished in Washington D.C.
4) nod to slave states
-Restatement of fugitive slave code in the U.S.
-Get out of U.S. to be free
-Abolitionists helped runaways |
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Term
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Definition
Abolitionist who let attack on federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry
-Hacked a family to death just because they supported slavery- they didn't even own slaves |
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Term
| Lecompton and Topeka/Lawrence |
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Definition
- Each are making their own constitutions
Topeka= Pro-slavery
Lecompton= anti-slavery
-drafts constitution for their city first and win because nobody voted
- Anti-slavery opposes the Lecompton constitution by NOT voting, and becomes a slave state
- More people voted for the Lecompton constitution than were actually able to vote in Kansas
- There is a revote; Lecompton constitution is struck down and Topeka constitution was adopted and Kansas becomes a free state |
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Term
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Definition
- Missourians sac the city of Lawrence, burn down abolitionist printing house.
-John Brown hacks to death a Pro-slavery family
-bc of popular sov. missourians went to kansas to vote for slavery |
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Term
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Definition
-Sumner's speech
hated slavery
hated slave states
bashed Preston Brooks and his relative
-Decries the institution of slavery as un-American and sinful
-Accuses representatives of keeping whore which is slavery
-If support it, asks if they are supporting a whore |
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Term
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Definition
Beats Sumner with his cane in senate chamber
-begins to receieve packages of canes in the mail |
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Term
| Explain the Dred Scott vs Sanford 1857 |
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Definition
-Scott was a slave of Emerson
-Emerson was a doctor that traveled a lot through free territories and states and took Scott along
-Emerson dies and wills Scott to widow then to Sanford
-Scott believes that while he was in the free territories, he was no longer a slave.
-Sues for his freedom; abolitionist lawyer helps
-in the St. Louis County court he becomes free, but then decision is reversed and he goes back to being a slave
-The Supreme Court hands down the decision of the Dred Scott case to Chief Justice, Roger Taney
-Makes argument that Scott is a piece of property and as a piece of property the rights of the owner should be protected; Congress doesn't have right or power to limit the freedom of movement of a property owner.
-Can move cattle from Missouri to Iowa, so can a slave.
-This opinion knocks out Compromise of 1850 and the Missouri Compromise going back to the Northwest Ordinance
-Ability to compromise on this issue is gone with the Dred Scott v. Sanford |
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Term
| Treaty of Fort Laramie 1851 |
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Definition
| Cheyanne and Arapaho Indians signed the treaty. They would recieve land and keep it for as long as the eagle flies. They also got $50,000 for ten years for allowing setters to come through unscathed |
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Term
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Definition
| -Railway companies would recieve land from the government to create system. They got $16,000 for building through a mile of plains, $32,000 for building over hills, and $48,000 for building around, through mountains |
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Term
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Definition
| Encouraged immigration; if you fit criteria you recieved 160 acres of land and if you improved it over 5 years, you got the deed. Qualifications include: 1) head of household, 2) single 21+ year male, 3) militia 2 weeks, thought it would be short war 4) citizen or intent to be (5yrs) |
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Term
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Definition
-Discovered around Pikes Peak
-Found in Indian Territory; violence ensues
-Government wants to avoid conflict so they renegotiate Treaty of Fort Laramie |
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Term
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Definition
-Renegotiation of Ft. Laramie
-The amount of Indian Territory is 1/13 that of in the Treaty of Ft. Laramie
-ONly Cheyenne and Arapaho delegates showed up but it was good for any of the tribes, though they didn't publicize it |
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Term
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Definition
| Cheyenne, Lekota, and Arapaho warriors who refused to be removed from their land and continue to remein life as it was and fought agains the U.S. cavalry |
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Term
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Definition
-Cheyenne Cheif-800 followers
-Understands his people can't beat the cavalry
-Goes to Ft. Lion to be moved; colonel |
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Term
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Definition
-29 November 1864
-Fueled by alcohol rampage
-150 killed
-Chivington came across Black Kettles Settlement @ sandcreek
-caused public outcry in the U.S. |
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Term
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Definition
Militia Colonel
-ordered to deal with dog soldiers
-Came across Black kettles settlement @ Sandcreek
-Had flag denoting they were following the rules
-Chivington says he was "dealing with Dog soldiers"
-Actually ended up attacking elderly women and children |
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Term
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Definition
-Guerilla warfare- was part of the Fetterman massacre-led to Cheyenne and Sioux
Sioux Chief |
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Term
| Treaty of Fort Laramie 1868 |
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Definition
| Directly related to the Sioux victories, signed by Red Cloud- Gov= agree to abandon forts and gave most of Dakotas to settlers through Platte River- worked until gold and silver was found in the Black Hills. |
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Term
| Gold/Silver in Black Hills |
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Definition
| 1875-Whites move into Sioux territory, Sioux are upset , government offeers to buy the land but the Sioux refuse, in response, the government orders them to get off their land |
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Term
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Definition
| Continued to fight after Black Hills and was captured inthe South in May 1877 |
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Term
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Definition
-Led followers to Canada cuz he realized what's going to happen after him and his settlement killed 264 calvary in the Black Hills
-Killed December 5, 1889 bc he wanted to talk to Wovoka bc he heard of the Ghost Dance |
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Term
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Definition
| Leads U.S. cavalry to take over the Black Hills from the Indian, in charge of removing the Indians who don't want to leave, hears of Sitting Bull and thinks its a small settlement but it actually turns out to be the bulk of the force, 264 cavalrymen are killed |
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Term
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Definition
William Henry Pratt
-Wanted assimilation, wanted to take the indian out of the body and save the child, wanted indians to take on white man's ways and education. ONLY ENGLISH |
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Term
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Definition
-Missionary humanitarians and land speculators want to end reservation life.
-Under act, the reservation would be divided this way
-If head of household, given 160 acres of land, adult given 80 acres of land, orphan 80 acres, miner 40 acres.
-Divide land following that guideline, there are seats that are empty so that land is given to the land speculators.
-Deed to the land is given after 25 years, as well as American Citizenship
-In order to force and end to the reservation system and force assimilation
-Lost 65% of land to land speculators |
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Term
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Definition
-Shaman has a vision of the future
- } The railroads no longer criss cross the plains, the barbed wired doesn't exist, and the bison have returned, and no more white folk
} Sees this vision as a promise from the ancestors
– If return to traditional ways of life,
– Goes around and explains his vision
----Ghost Dance
-Ancestors will be pleased and assist them to that vision of life
-Lasted for hours and hours, designed to bring about a shared, hypnotic vision of this future
-Certain warriors that participated in this and agreed with everything except giving up their rifles |
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Term
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Definition
| Shot. Exact story unknown. Possibly a planned attack |
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Term
| Wounded Knee December 29, 1889 |
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Definition
-Sitting Bull and followers travel to Pine Ridge, SB is killed (assassinated by U.S. government, or misunderstanding in the process of securing weapons)
-His followers flee and are pursued and surrounded 29th of December, 1889 at a place called Wounded knee
-Unclear of what happened
-25 U.S. cavalry are killed and several hundred, 300, American Indians were killed
-What makes WK particularly remembered is b/c cameras were available.
-Many people believe WK was the death of the Am. Indian, but this is NOT accurate |
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Term
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Definition
-Immigrants would work and send money home then return home later
-35 million immigrants to U.S.
-Catholic/Jewish
-Economic Opportunity
-Escape religious persecution
-Machine politics, factories, society
-Workers easily replaceable |
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Term
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Definition
| Would have made it unconstitutional to end slavery, without mentioning the word slavery-at the same time, they didn't spend a lot of time thinking over it. Would have made it illegal to ban slavery. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lee surrenders on April 9, 1865 which ends the Civil War |
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Term
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Definition
---Equal Protection Clause
-Establishes naturalization and birthright citizenship
-Must be distributed equally
-Citizenship percolates from the soil v.s.in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
--End the ownership of one human by another human BUT there is an exception
-----Because of Johnson's leniency, people decided to follow:
– Black Codes -Keeps newly freed slaves in the position of sub ordinance
-Keep them from having guns, knives, or dogs |
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Term
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Definition
-Republicans agree not to challenge the state election is FL, SC, LA in return, the republicans would get the presidency.
-Republicans win the election |
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Term
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Definition
-Company of Andrew Carnegie
-Started in the RR with Thomas Scott and separated from him and invested in steel |
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Term
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Definition
Own everything in a company from raw materials to the end product.
ex. own ore--mining--transportation--distrubution--steel! |
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Term
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Definition
Uses vertical integration but introduces the idea of horizontal integration
-Invested in oil
-Doesn't believe in competition so he absorbs it or destroys it
-Gave away half his wealth to philanthropy
-Bribed train companies to only transport his oil |
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Term
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Definition
| Eliminating competition (pacman) |
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Term
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Definition
1882
-Stockholders surrendered power to a board of directors managed by 9 trustees |
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Term
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Definition
| JD Rockefeller buys 22 of 26 oil refining businesses, says he's "the man of oil", remaining competetors say that's not fair |
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Term
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Definition
"capitalism eats it's own tail"
-without competition there is no free enterprise; increase price- decrease quality |
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Term
| price war--- Rock vs. Scott |
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Definition
Scott- Owned the Pennsylvania RR and wanted to invest in oil
Rock- had more resources- didn't like Scott's endevours- stopped using the Penn. RR-- RR wages cut= strikes |
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Term
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Definition
Corporations of Corporations; Rockefeller owns Standard Oil
-committee of 9 that oversaw 42 businesses and guided and directed activities |
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Term
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Definition
-Role is to own other companies (originally in OH then to NJ in 1911)
-Rock now only owns 25% of stocks- but his wealth doubles from $480M to $1B |
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Term
| Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890 |
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Definition
-Presents monopoly constrains on free trade
-protect/encourage competition
-DON'T want a monopoly |
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Term
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Definition
-A corporation of labor
-Early unions were local/regional and for skilled only
-labor is form of property and government should protect property |
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Term
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Definition
1969
-Started out for skilled workers only but vertically integrated to include skilled, unskilled, blacks, whites, women, etc.
-Since it was a secret society, it declined in 1886 |
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Term
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Definition
-Elected in 1879 as the leader of the Knights of Labor
-Catholic, which led to the Knights "open membership" |
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Term
| American Federation of Labor |
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Definition
-Led by Samuel Gompers
-Only Skilled workers, company did better because of this |
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Term
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Definition
-Leader of the AFL
-Horizontally integrated
-Was a cigar roller
-Skilled worker, well read even though they didn't read bc they hired students to read to them |
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Term
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Definition
Large number of people refuse to work
-28,000 strikes from 1880's to 1890's |
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Term
| Great Railroad Strike of 1877 |
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Definition
-Thomas Scott vs. Rockefeller
-Rockefeller halts distribution (by railroad) of oil b/c scott gets involved in oil |
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Term
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Definition
-Demonstration march for 40hr work week in Chicago
-Peacefull rally until pipe bomb was thrown at end and killed police officers
-made workers look violent |
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Term
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Definition
-Pullman owned everything in town; factories, markets, jobs etc.
-cut wages 4-5 times but didn't cut the cost of living
-Workers join United Rail Way Workers Union
-Refuse to work on any train that is a Pullman cars
--Hemorrhaging money
-Eugene Debs is convicted for tampering with U.S. mail -1895
-In re Debs
-Affirms jailing of Debs citing the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, that a strike represents a restraint of free trade. |
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Term
| United Railway Workers Union |
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Definition
| Go on strike led by Debs BC of the Pullman Situtaion |
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Term
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Definition
Arrest for organizing the Pullman Strike
in re Debs- Supreme Court rules the strike is a restraint fotree trade and breaks the sherman anti-trust act |
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Term
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Definition
| Trying to produce as much as possible so crop prices would go down, went into debt- blames debt on circumstances |
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Term
| Patron Saints of Husbandry 1867 |
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Definition
-Started out as a social gathering to complain but turned into an economic concept so they could get seeds and grain @ cheaper price
-OH Kelley founded the patron saints |
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Term
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Definition
-Uneven charges
-More grain stored- lower price
-patron saints of husbandry- combined and stored their grain together |
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Term
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Definition
-Allowed state regulation of grain elevators as long as it was devoed for a public use
Decision: supreme court supported the states rights bc grain was a common communal good
Communal good (state)
-a product in which a state needs to function |
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Term
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Definition
Illinois could not regulate railroads bc railroads crossed state lines
Decision: Wabash wins bc of the crossing state lines issue
Cross state lines (federal)
-On a state level can only control trade/ transportation in the state
-Interstate Commerce Commission
-- Regulates inner state trade
--created in 1887 |
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Term
Alliance Movement (3rd party)
People's Party |
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Definition
Small grange societies coelesce, lends to populism when politically active
-1842 |
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Term
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Definition
-reduce tariff
-regulate railroad
-Secret gallot
-Federal income tax
-direct election of senators
-free and unlimited coinage of silver to drive inflation, assist farmers
-thought it would make it easier of farmers to pay off their debt
-minors-work |
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Term
| Sherman Silver Purchase Act 1890 |
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Definition
-Silver produced 40m 20 yrs
-bought silver w/ treasury notes which would lead to more inflation |
|
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Term
| What was the Pinic of 1893? |
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Definition
Government begins to buy massive amounts of silver with the Silver Purchase Act of 1890 while at the same time we adopt this act, the RR bubble bursts
-causes massive unemployment in 1893, 30-35%
-600 banks fail, and since there is no insurance, people didn't get their money back
-thousands of businesses fail
-This causes panic so the Silver act is rescinded because it was viewed as the problem causer
-This actually restricted the economy even further
-THe spanish American war in 1898 jumpstarted the economy again |
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Term
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Definition
Black codes are turned into Jim Crow Laws
-were intended to separate the races: "separate but equal" |
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Term
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Definition
New Orleans, LA Challenged railroads separating races
-Homer Plessey was considered an "octaroon" or 1/8th black
-he bought a ticket in the New Orleans RR
-He got a fine and arrested for not getting off the white train
-He did this on purpose to challenge the law
- convicted and fined 25 bucks
The case:
-Decided in 1896
-Lawyer representing Plessy based his argument off the 13th (private ownership of slaves) and 14th (equal protection clause) amendments
-SC decides against Plessy,7-1
-Argument: separation of races, brangs the black population as inferior and is in violation of the 13th and 14th amendment
-SC says: any separation of races is not an attempt at inferiority; does not mean there is an inferior designation, if there is that feelings, it's the black population's problem
-Dissenting opinion presented by Justice Harlan, from Kentucky:
-what this allows is for a system of segregation; separated from maternity ward to morgue |
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Term
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Definition
Believes that 13th and 14th amendments don't amke any race superior
"separate but equal"
- separate buildings and facilities from birth do death, they're separate |
|
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Term
| Brownv. Board of Education 1955 |
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Definition
| Brown won. Got rid of segregation in schools- not implimented until early 1960's |
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Term
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Definition
Born 1856
PATIENCE: it takes time to become equal
-in the mean time support other black people within the community
-he funded legal challenges (in private)- agains Jim Crow Laws
-Tuskegee Institute- prove abilities and skills, wait for change
-had a more conservative approach-patience |
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Term
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Definition
-Wanted to go to Harvard but it was too expensive
-Attended Fisk University and eventually found himself at Harvard with a PhD in history and philosophy
-"Talented Tenth"- wanted top 10% of the black population to be doctors and lawyers
-Had a more liberal approach by wanting to TAKE freedom instead of wait for it to come
-Organize, Educate, Agitate
-Wrote "The Crisis"- Journal
-Wrote "The Souls of Black Folk"-most famous work |
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Term
|
Definition
Wanted top 10% of the black population to be doctors and lawyers
-organize: NAACP high achievement
-Educate: Encouraged future blacks to be educated (top 10% of black population)
-Agitate Change-radical: for change to break down the legal framework of segregation |
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Term
|
Definition
Provides a model for settling the Kansas Territory and Nebraska Territory
-Will Kansas be a slave or free state?
-Will be decided by popular sovereignty
-People move to Kansas to sway the vote
-2 capitols that emerge are Lecompton and Topeka |
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Term
|
Definition
-Designated to assist the newly freed slaves to freedom
-Provided immediate needs, food, shelter, and clothing, rudimentary education
-Trying to reunite, reconstruct families through the registry system
-most valuable service was the erading of contracts |
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Term
| Emancipation Proclamation |
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Definition
-Last ditch effort on the part of Lincoln to bring the states in rebellion back together
-If you put down your weapons, swear loyaly to the union, by Jan. 1 1863, you can keep your slaves. If you don't, we will emancipate your slaves.
-Lincoln knew the confederacy wasn't going to accept this offer, he was trying to reframe the war, which made the war about ending slavery as well.
-Added addendum to the E.P. and frees slaves outside of Union control
-Didn't really end slavery, just outside of Union control, slavery still remains in Union.
-Intended audience: Confederacy- put down weapons
-real intended audience is Europe
-make sure Europe doesn't recognize the Confederacy
-Supporting an institution that they already rid of |
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Term
|
Definition
Lincoln drafts reconstruction policy
-Lincoln's 10% plan- Jan. 15 1865
-voting population- male citizens, 21+
-Anyone that takes a loyalty oath, repudiates slavery and secession, can obtain a pardon and a full restoration of their rights, except for a high ranking federal official (could not obtain a pardon)
-Once 10% of the states voting population had taken the loyalty oath, that state could start drafting a new constitution and begin process of electing representatives to the house and senate. |
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Term
|
Definition
-Extends the right to vote from black men age 21
-Former confederate states adopt voting requirements
-Grandfather Clause: If your grandfather could vote in 1860, then you can too
-Literacy Tests: Nobody could pass, it was designed to fail and keep individuals from voting for republicans
-Poll Taxes: in order to vote you had to pay a fee- maybe not much of a fee, but probably significant to many people who just decided not to vote but use that money to put food on the table |
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Term
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Definition
-Keeps newly free slaves in the position of sub ordinance
-Keep them from having guns, knives, or dogs
-Communities establish harsh vagrancy laws
-arrested, thrown in jail, prison filled with "Law breakers"
-Criminals must be punished
-Rent out prison force to punish them through labor
-Attempt to run away- can shoot or whip them
-Get paid a wage for picking cotton and the equiptment they needed was put on their tab
-Slaves in debt, tied to land- they own them because of debt because if they walk away they are breaking the law. |
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Term
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Definition
attempt to expand the Freedman's Bureau
- Johnson veto's it, but the republicans have the votes to override it so they expand it
-Johnson doesn't want rights for newly freed slaves
-put together a citizens packet
-civil rights to newly freed slaves
-Republicans recognize they are not going to be in power forever, so they put together the 14th Amendment
-They also ignore presidential reconstruction, divide confederacy into 5 military places |
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Term
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Definition
-Won election of 1860, #1 issue facing nation is slavery
-Republican party- free soil
-Slavery will not be extended to new lands, the number of free states will outnumber the number of slave states and it will eventually disappear
Approach to war: keep the union together
-He did not recognize the right of the state to leave the union
-He thought it wasn't rebellion of the state, but of individuals
-Lincoln was very particular to those states in rebellion
-Didn't recognize legitimacy of the Confederacy |
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Term
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Definition
Once it becomes apparent that Lincoln is going to win the election, South Carolina secedes from the union.
-Once Lincoln takes office, SC is joined by the deep south, GA, FL, AB, MI, LA,TX.
-Once he takes office, the nation is divided |
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Term
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Definition
| Idea of survival of the fittest |
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Term
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Definition
-Grant unleashes Sherman onto the confederacy
-Starts in Chattanooga and pushes all the way to Savannah
-his strategy: destroy everything in his path. Slash and burn policy.
-Believes it could end the war more rapidly.
-Wilderness Campaign |
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Term
Battle of Antietam
September 16, 1862 |
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Definition
Bloodiest day of battle
4,000 dead, 18,000 wounded
-important because it was enough of a non-loss that he could issue the Emancipation Proclamation |
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Term
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Definition
Lincoln found Grant
-Grant put in charge of siege of Vicksburg
-Isolated and cut off Vicksburg
-Only will allow unconditional surrender
-after 47 days, they finally surrendered
-Grant has tremendous victory, finally controls Mississippi
-Grant put in charge of Union Army |
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