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| the authority of a court to rule on certian cases |
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| have jurisdiction over cases involving state laws |
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| have jurisdiction over cases involving federal laws |
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| cases involving citizens from different states in a dispute concerning at least $50,000 |
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court inwhich the case is originally tried
It has original jurisdicton. |
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| the authority of a trial court to be first to hear a case |
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| authority held by a court to hear a case that is appealed form lower court |
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| a person engaged in a lawsuit |
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1. most celebrated decision in AM History
2. Established Judicial Review
3. elevated Sumpreme Court to equal power with the other 2 branches |
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| the power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national governments unconstitutional |
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| 14th Amendment clause stating that no state may deprive a person of life, liberty, or property with due process of law |
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| 1896 court case that upheld a Lousiana law that required railroads operation within the state to provide separate cars for white and African American passengers. |
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| "Separate but Equal" doctrine |
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| Plessy v Ferguson case established law that if facilities for both sexes are equal, they could be separate. This is called the ... |
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| Chief Justice who served from 1953 to 1969 He was knowed for protecting civil liberties such as outlawing segregation in the Brown v Board of Ed of Topeka, extended equal protection in voting rights, and fair appointment of representation. He was very aggressive. None of his decisions have been overturned. |
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| Brown v Board of Education |
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| court outlawed segregation in public schools |
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trial courts for both criminal and civil federal courts
There are 94 districts and these courts follow state boundary lines. Some states have more than one district. |
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1. Constitutional Courts
2. Legislative Courts |
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1. District Courts
2. Grand Jury
3. Indictment
4. Petit jury |
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| 16 to 23 people who hear the charges against a person suspected of committing a crime. If there is sufficent evedence to bring a person to trial, it issues an indictment. |
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| a formal accusation charging a person with a crime. |
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is a trail jury consisting of 6-12 people
It's fuction is to wieght the eveidence presented at a trial in acriminal or civil case. |
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| Petit Jury in a Criminal Case |
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| renders a verdict of guilty or not guilty |
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| Petit Jury in a Civil Case |
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finds for the plaintiff or the defendant
A judge or a panel of three judges can hear the case if parties to not want a jury |
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| the person bringing the suit |
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| the perosn against whom the suit was brought |
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1. Federal District Courts
2. Federal Courts of Appeal
3. US Court of International Trade |
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4 Officers of
District Courts |
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1. US Attorney
2. US Magistrate
3. Bankruptcy Judge
4. US Marshal |
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| 2 Types of Juries in Crimical cases |
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1. Grand Jury
2. Petit Jury |
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1. Original
2. Appellate
3. Concurrent |
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Carries out
1. Making arrests
2. Securing jurors
3. Keeping order in the courtroom |
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1. 12 judicial circuits
2. Appellite jurisdiction |
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| a region containing a US Appellite Court |
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| 3 Decisions that can be made by US Court of Appeals |
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1. uphold orginal decision
2. reverse the orginal decision
3. send the case back to the lower court to try again |
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| Court of International Trade |
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| has jursidiction over cases dealing with tariffs |
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| helps congress excercise its powers |
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| It is a court of orginal jurisdiction that handles claims against the US for money damages. |
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| hears cases relating to federal taxes when citizens disagree with IRS rulings. |
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| Court of Military Appeals |
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| hears cases involving members of the armed forces convitced of breaking military law |
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| court system simular to distric courts for the Virgiin Islands,Guam,N Mariana Islands, and Puerto Rico |
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| District of Columbia Court |
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| cases that need to be heard in DC which is a federal district which hears both criminal and civil cases |
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1. Claims Court
2. Tax Court
3. Court of Military Appeals
4. Territorial Courts
5. D.C. Courts |
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| Selection of Federal Judges |
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| Article II, Section 2 of the constitution provides that the President,with the advice and consent of the senate, appoints all federal judges. |
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| President submits the name of a candidate for judicial appointment to the sentors from the canidates's state before formally submitting it for full Senate approval. |
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| was the 1st African American appointed to the Supreme Court by Lyndon Johnson |
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| was the first female justice to the Supreme Court by Ronald Reagan. |
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| is a court of last resort in all questions of federal law. |
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traveling to hold court in their assigned regions of the country.
Today all Supreme Court cases are heard in Washington DC |
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| Duties of the Supreme Court |
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1. deciding which cases to be heard
2. deciding the case itself
3. determining an explaination for the decision called the court's opinion |
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| explaination for the Supreme Court's decision |
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1. Read all the appeals filed
2. Write memos summarizing the key issues in each case
3. Helps to prepare Court's opinion by doing research |
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| Chief Prosecutor at the Nuremberg trials |
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| headed the special commission that investgated the assassination of President Kennedy |
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| American Bar Association-- largest national organization of attorneys |
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| justices reach the Supreme Court through appoinment by the President with Senate appoval |
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| atempt to influence the selection process through their lobbyists or media |
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| National Organization for Women |
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| Cheif Justice William Howard Taff |
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| led a campaign for the nomination of Pierce Butler |
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| to keep a jury isolated from the public or press |
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| an order by the judge barring the press from publishing certain types of information about a pending court case. |
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| laws that give reporters some means of protection against being forced to disclose confidential information or sources in state courts |
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| Federal Communications Commission |
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| a government agency that regulates the actions of Radio and TV |
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| patrolling an establishment to convince workers and the public not to enter it-by labor unions |
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| the mass extermination of Jews and other groups by the Nazs during World War II |
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| free speech and assembly problems that result when unpopular groups assemble |
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| government censorship of information before it is published or broadcasted |
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| the first clause of the 1st Amendment states "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion" |
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| government cannot interfer with the Freedom of Religion |
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| felt that the 1st Amendment builds " wall of separation between Church and State" This has been a controversy for many years. |
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