Term
|
Definition
| The gradual shift from hunting and gathering to cultivating basic food crops that occurred worldwide from 7000 to 9000 years ago. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The exchange of plants, animals, culture and diseases between Europe and the Americas from first contact throughout the era of exploration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cultural awakening that began in Italy and spread throughout Europe in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sixteenth-century Spanish adventurers, often of noble birth, who subdued the Native Americans and created the Spnaish empire in the New World. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Treaty negotiated by the pope in 1494 to resolve competing land claims of Spain and Portugal in the New World. It divided the world along a north-south line in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, granting to Spain all lands west of the line and to Portugal lands east of the line. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An exploitative labor system designed by Spanish rulers to reward conquistadores in the New World by granting them local villages and control over native labor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sixteenth-century religious movement to reform and challenge the spiritual authority of the Roman Catholic Church, associated with figures such as Martin Luther and John Calvin. |
|
|
