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Slavery is evil but stuck.
"We have the wolf by the ears and we dare not let him go." |
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Farmer created by Crevecoeur who is writing the "Letters..."
Goes to live with Indians. |
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A Frenchman who visits America.
Torie in the American Revolution.
Went into hiding upon French Revolution.
Loved the American Dream. Saw it collapse. |
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| Catholic doctrine. Bread and wine literally transforms into the body and blood of Christ. |
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| Lutheran. Christ is with you in communion. |
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| Crevecoeur says the frontier will corrupt a man, make him savage, because hunting is easier than farming. |
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| Dramatic climax to a piece of writing. |
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Came to America in 1600s.
Lawyer, speculator, royalist.
Sold firearms to Indians for furs, sex, and alcohol.
Maypole and celebration with drink.
Cavalier. Condemned by William Bradford. |
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Required form of C of E religious services.
Opposed by Separatists and Puritans. |
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| Calvinism. Original Sin. Predestination. Humans make God sick to look at them and could never get God's forgiveness. |
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| complete political-military or social dominance. |
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| On a canoeing hunting trip. Captured by Indians. So stout he never cried though they cut off his hands and feet. Lived 3 days after they cut them off. |
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| Seek to "purify" C of E. Believe God intervenes in every part of life. |
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| Baptist; William Bradford wants to pray for him. John Winthrop wants to exile him. Drew too many people to his opinion and they wanted to send him to England. Vanished when they tried to capture him. Converted many in Salem. Went to Maryland. Antinomian. |
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Believe she hears the voice of God telling her what to do. Is above the law. Had a stillbirth - "monstrous birth." Holy Ghost dwells in people without sin. Inner light - God didn't need church. No moral conduct can save man. No free grace. Should she be persecuted God would ruin New England. House arrested.
An antinomian: beyond the law because she's touched by god. |
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| Believe you are beyond the law because you are touched by God. |
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| Sailed on Arabella to America. Governor of MA Bay Colony. Calvinist. Doesn't believe in Democracy. Follows Scripture and is a Puritan. |
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| Servant of Cradock. Convicted for heresy against government and church. Whipped and banished. |
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| Fight. Mouse won. Snake is devil. Mouse is people God brought to defeat Satan. |
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| Native American who died of small pox. Left son to Mr. Wilson of Boston. Gave government enough Indian money to pay off his debts and his men's. Died to go to the Englishman's God. |
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| Judge. Admonished Anne Hutchinson. Believe Anne's deformed child as punishment. |
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| Merchant - charged for dishonesty in commerce and trade. Excuse of ignorance and many other excuses about why his prices were so high. Admonished. |
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| Cotton's False Principles |
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| 1) Man might sell as dear and buy as cheap as he can; 2) If a man may lose by sea casualty, he may raise the price of the rest; 3) A man may take advantage of another man's ignorance; 4) A man can take like recompense from all. |
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| Cotton's rules of trading |
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Definition
| 1) A man may not sell higher than the current price; 2) A man must blame himself for his own fault of skill; 3) If a man loses things by sea, he cannot cast his loss upon another; 4) A man may not ask for more than his selling price. |
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Anne Hutchinson and her followers in RI.
No true churches. No infant baptism. Separation of church and state. No arms. Denial of civil authority in religious matters. |
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| Came to Boston with his wife. Governor of Hartford, CT. Said his wife is out of her mind because she has read and writing too much. Her weak womanly mind couldn't handle all the man's work. |
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Man and beast have it in common. Both evil and good. Shirk authority and man grows weak.
Winthrop: made in speech to General Court. |
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| Civil liberty is moral. Covenant between God and man. Proper object of authority. Same as Christ's. |
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| Hanged for witchcraft. Malignant touch. Medicines with violent effects. People who would not come to her were always sick. She had a teat that if sucked would wither and grow anew somewhere else. Accused of lying at her trial and executed that day. |
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| Smashed the snake in the church. Snake is Satan and synod representative of churches of Christ in New England. |
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| Orthodox in religion. Lectured people about sin. Wanted to reinvigorate Puritanism. Symbol of Puritan decline. |
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| Bewitched people. Accused of forcing people to write their names in Satan's book. Tortured by looking at people. Lots of testifiers to her guilt said that the shape of Bishop tormented them. |
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| Testified against Bridget Bishop. Said Bishop tempted her to sign her book and whipped her. Was a confessed which who made a deal that she would be freed if she testified against Bishop. |
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| Assaulted by the shape of Bishop. Hit him on the side of the head. Apple flew out of hand and into his mother's lap. |
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| Assaulted by Bishop. Room at night full of light. Doors all locked. Screeching child would not stop. died. |
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| Bought a sow from Ed Bishop. Quarelled with Bridget. Sow had fits. |
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| Victim of Bridget Bishop. |
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| Victim of Bridget Bishop. Child cried for several months. Possessed child. |
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| Tried for Witchcraft. If she looked at her victims they would die, and her touch would bring them back to life. Tortured many people. Her children testified against her, and said she made them witches too. |
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| Victim of Martha Carrier. She cursed him for laying land next to her husband's. Swelling in his foot and pain in his side. Several gallons of pus ran from the sore on his body. Almost dead, then when Martha Carrier was captured he began to heal. |
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| Victim of Martha Carrier. He was going to strike Richard, Martha's son, and fell down not able to move. Had a wound from the wars she said would never heal. She would clap and he would lose his cattle. |
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| Victim of Martha Carrier. Cattle bewitched. |
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| Victim of Martha Carrier. Lost a cow in a strange way. Lost more cows. |
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| Victim of Martha Carrier. Talked to out of thin air and threatened. Poisoned. Struck deaf by Martha's son. |
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| Victim of Martha Carrier. Confessed witchcraft and bargained with to testify against Carrier. Carrier convinced her to become a witch. |
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| Victim of Martha Carrier. Confessed her own witchcraft. Bargained with. |
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| If innocent blood is shed they should all be condemned. |
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| Pious, lived with father in Hartford. Strange demonic fits. Said things and didn't remember. Said people plotted against her. Made her speak Dutch. Promised to go with the devil at Christmas. Satan, in the shape of a deer, had sex with her. |
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| Familiarity with devil. Discontented and wished devil would take things away. He helped with chores. She killed a child, had sex with men and devils. Executed but convinced she had God's mercy. |
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| Treats book of poetry like child. Hates it. Book published by friends against Anne Bradstreet's will. Says it has no father. Her work always flawed. |
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| Before the Birth of One of Her Children |
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| Anne Bradstreet. Wrote while expecting to die in childbirth. Loved her husband and asked him to forget her flaws after death and remember her good qualities. Said to continue to love her and her children. Said to protect children from future evil stepmother. |
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| By Edward Taylor. Lord provides nourishment to which Taylor is a guest. Earth is the paradise man ruined and the Lord is saving him. Saw the Lord at communion. Begs him for nourishment and to let him sense all. |
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| Edward Taylor. John: "I am the living bread." The soul is full of sin and forbade from the Lord's fruit. Compares soul to birth of paradise. Angels will not feel the sinful soul but can spare a crumb of bread. Jesus is source of God's bread: "grinds the bread for human use." God's cake: food too fine for angels. The soul needs the bread of life for everlasting life. |
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| by Edward Taylor. Compares self to Lord's gold. Lord's coin mint: Creation. Lord, inscribe your name upon Taylor. |
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| by Edward Taylor. John 2.1: "An Advocate with the Father." Why does man deserve free will? Why do angels deserve to judge? God's justice done. God = judge; Christ = man's attorney; Holy Ghost = secretary; Angels = police; Creatures = witnesses. No unjust sentences. Taylor begs Christ to plead for his soul. |
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| John 2:1: "If any man sin, we have an advocate." Jesus is the sinner's advocate - made arguments by giving his own flesh and blood. Sins = nasty pustules on serpent's eggs. God cannot forget about them. Hell's demons consistently tempt him. They can't be defeated by him alone. Hope of Grace and for soul to be set free. Will pay with faith and serve Lord for freedom. |
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| by Edward Taylor. Canticles 7:3: "Ty Breasts are like 2 young roes who are twins." (Bride = spiritual nourishment). The holy breast milk will make him grow spiritually. |
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| by Edward Taylor. Lord's hand interferes in the beautiful world. Anything that tries to capture and describe creation would mar it. Taylor's pen is only to praise the Lord. |
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| Preface to God's Determinations |
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| by Edward Taylor. Glory of Creation. Man marred by sin. |
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| Quaker. Pious. Writes of Salem witch trials. |
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| Dance Master in Boston. Says drama could teach more than Willard, Sewall's preacher. Makes dances happen on Bible study days and ministers complain. |
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| Condemned by Cotton Mather and executed in Salem Witch Trials. Moved all to doubt his guilt before he was executed. |
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| Would not confess guilt or plead innocence when he was condemned because he was afraid it would hurt his family. He was much defended by his peers. Was buried under heavy stones until he would confess. Crushed to death. |
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| Confessed witch. Petition sent to town to forbear execution. First condemned person who confessed. |
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| 2 of Samuel Sewall's kids. Joe threw a stone at Betty and was whipped. Before whipping, Joe hid from parents' wrath. Reminded Sewall of Adam and Eve hiding in Eden from God. |
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| by Samuel Sewall. One of the first anti-slavery pieces in America. |
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| Son of Sewall's pastor. Cut off all his hair for no reason. Hair is a test to see if man is satisfied the way God created him. |
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| Sam Sewall's wife. Became badly ill. Cotton Mather and Wadsworth came to pray over her. She died. Sewall: lead a widower's life. |
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| Rich widow who spurned Sewall for Samuel Williams. He gave her many gifts. God said no. |
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| Rich widow who Samuel Sewall visits. gave her "Ornaments of the Daughters of Sion" which he'd previous given to Hannah. Married Sewall, but on wedding night had a fit and coughed blood. Became sicker and sicker. Died. Sewall asked the Lord's forgiveness for his sins. |
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| Rich widow Samuel courted. She rejected him because she couldn't move from her neighbourhood or leave her children. He wouldn't take hint. They had relations. She says single life is better than married...quotes Paul. |
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| Son of Samuel Sewall. Minister. Married Sewall and Tilley. Prayed for him about his courtship. |
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| Rich widow Samuel Sewall wrote to and asked to marry. Married her. |
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| Player. Had sex with lots of peeps. Leads a mostly formulaic life. God preserves his good health so he's all right. He asks God's forgiveness after sex so he's still saved. |
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| Servant of Winthrop. Escorted Samuel Sewall home several times. Winthrop spurned him by not sending Juno home with him because she was sickly and already had gone to bed. |
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| William Byrd kissed her til she was pissed and his wife was angry and cried. |
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| Had 2 awakenings in his life and was very self-righteous. Stereotype of preacher of American awakening. Taught wrathful God. Crashed different opposing ideas together. |
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| John Edwards went to live with him and mother in New York City. |
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| Edwards' most famous sermon. All about how angry God is with all sinners. |
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| Estranged from father because he's a Loyalist in the revolution. |
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| Ben Franklin's uncle who he's extremely close to. A politician. Bred a dyer of silks. |
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| Ben Franklin's father. Forbade Franklin from going to see. Always wanted him to be a man of some trade or other. Strong. "Ingenious." Sound judgment. Opinion often asked for. Wanted to improve the minds of his children. |
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| Noticed Franklin at the print shop. Lent him books from his BIG collection. |
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| Fond of argument. Big question about how proper it is to teach women and women's ability to learn. Said it's improper and Franklin took other side. Began correspondence with Franklin on the subject. Father found Franklin's letters and criticized the content. Franklin decided to argue better. |
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| written by Joseph Addison and Richard Steele. Inspired Franklin's prose writing. |
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| Franklin's brother's newspaper for which people could write articles to be published. Franklin sent in articles anonymously to be published. Brother imprisoned for content so Franklin was able to run the newspaper. |
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| Quaker merchants. Influenced Franklin to share scheme against Andrew Hamilton with same. |
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| Schemed with Riddlesden against Andrew Hamilton. |
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| Sailed to London with Franklin. Schemed against by Kieth and Riddlesden. Became good friends with Franklin. |
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| Famous printing house in London. Franklin's first London job. |
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| Bookseller. Lent Franklin books from his big collection. Where Franklin first had the idea for a circulating library. |
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| Surgeon. Took notice of Franklin because of his pamphlet: "A Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity, Please and Pain." Introduced Franklin to Mandeville and Dr. Pemberton. |
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| Physician. Scientist. Collector of Oddities. Bouth Franklin's purse made of Asbestos for a huge amount. |
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| Saled to America with Franklin. Spent most of Franklin's earning frivolously because he couldn't find a job. He abandoned his wife and kids in America. |
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| Bigger printer press than Palmer's. Drank only water while everyone else drank beer. Was ridiculed and pranked but worked harder and had more ability than any of his peers. |
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| Defender of Catholic Church. Falls for Anne Bolyn and creates new church (Church of England) in order to marry her. The monarch is head of the C of E. |
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| Bible becomes soul. Practice nothing that is not in the bible. |
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| Lutheran. God always directs everything. Believed in Providence. Believes God will smite people who stand in his way. Began idea of America's chosenness. New Jews. |
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| Thomas Morton's Derisive nickname for Miles Standish |
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| A regular beat throughout a poem. Follows five iambic feet. An iambic foot is an unstressed followed by a stressed syllable. Supposed to be soothing because immitates a mother's heartbeat. |
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| Lots of emphasis on form. Bryden and Pope follow this. Formal and disciplined. Late 17th century through 18th. |
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| 20th century philosopher. "The Stranger" waiting to be guillotined relates to Anne Bradstreet. |
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| An insult in Bradstreet's time. "too obscure and difficult to understand." Metaphysical conceit. Unexpected, confusing, and powerful. Edward Taylor and John Donne share this. |
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| Anne Bradstreet's style of poetry. Rhyming pairs of iambic pentameter lines. Often associated with epics or narratives. |
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| Writes his meditations to prepare for communion sermon. Goes to Indian territory to take care of a small congregation. Preached on a street corner. Puritan. Consubstantiation. |
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| Believes in God but can't find God. St. John of the Cross says God is closer to one who feels this way than at any other time. It means there is promise of a brighter God. |
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| Excess of pride that usually leads to a downfall. Many people call Franklin's want of spiritual perfection hubris. |
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| Temperance, Silence, Order, Resolution, Frugality, Industry, Sincerity, Justice, Moderation, Cleanliness, Tranquility, Chastity, Humility |
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| One who pretends to be humble but is really very intelligent. Example: Socrates. |
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| Anne Bradstreet's book of poems. |
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