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| A system of government in which the power to govern is concentrated in the hands of one individual |
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| A system of government in which power is concentrated in the hands of a few people |
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| A system of government in which, in theory, the people rule, either directly or indirectly |
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| Procedural Democratic Theory |
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| A view of democracy as being embodied in a decision making process that involves universal participation, political equality, majority rule, and responsiveness |
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| The concept that everyone in a democracy should participate in governmental decision making |
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| Equality in political decision making: one vote per person, with all votes counted equally |
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| The principle basic to procedural democratic theory that the decision of a group must reflect the preference of more than half of those participating; a simple majority |
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| A System of government where rank and file citizens rule themselves rather than electing representatives to govern on their behalf |
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| Online communication channels that enable citizens to easily obtain information from government and facilitate the expression of opinions to government officials |
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| a system of government where citizens elect public officials to govern on their behalf |
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| a decision making principle, necessitaed by representatives government, that implies that elected representatives should do what the majority of people wants |
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| substantive democratic theory |
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| the view that democracy is embodied in the substance of government policies rather than in the policy making procedure |
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| The benefits of government that cannot be denied to any citizen by majority decisions |
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| Majoritarian Model of Democracy |
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| the classical theory of democracy in which government by the people is interpreted as government by the majority of the people |
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| an organized group of individuals that seeks to influence public policy; also called a lobby |
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| Pluralist model of democracy |
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| an interpretation of democracy in which government by the people is taken to mean government by people operating through competing interest groups |
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| The view that a small group of people actually makes most of the important government decisions |
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| a process of transition as a country attempts to move from an authoritarian form of government to a democratic one |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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| Drafted by Thomas Jefferson, the document that proclaimed the right of the colonies to separate from Great Britain |
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| The belief that the people agree to set up rulers for certain purposes and thus have the right to resist or remove rulers who act against those purposes |
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| A government without a monarch; a government rooted in the consent of the governed, whose power is exercised by elected representatives responsible to the governed |
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| a loose association of independent states that agree to cooperate on specified matters |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| The compact among the thirteen original states that established the first government of the United States |
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| A set of proposals for a new government, submitted to the Constitutional Convention of 1787; included separation of the government into 3 branches, division of the legislature into two houses, and proportional representation in the legislature. |
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| The law making branch of government |
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| The law enforcing branch of government |
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| The law interpreting branch of governemnt |
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| Submitted by the head of the New Jersey delegation to the Constitutional Convention of 1787, a set of nine resolutions that would have, in effect, preserved the Articles of Confederation by amending rather than replacing them |
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| Submitted by the Connecticut delegation to the constitutional Convention of 1787, and thus also known as the Connecticut Compromise, a plan calling for a bicameral legislature in which the House of Representatives would be apportioned according to the population and the states would be represented equally in the Senate. |
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| A majority greater than the minimum of 50 percent plus one |
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| A form of Government in which power resides in the people and is exercised by their elected representatives |
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| The division of power between a central government and regional governments |
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| The assignment of lawmaking law enforcing, and law interpreting functions to separate branches of government |
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| the powers explicitly granted to Congress by the Constitution |
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| Necessary and Proper Clause |
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| The last clause in Section 8 of Article 1 of the constitution, which gives Congress the means to execute enumerated powers. This clause is the basis for Congresses implies powers. Also called the Elastic Clause |
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| Those powers that Congress need to ececute it enumerated powers |
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| The power to declare congressional (and presidential) acts invalid because they violate the constitution |
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| The clause in Article VI of the constitution that asserts that national laws take precedence over state and local laws when they conflict |
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| The first ten amendments to the constitution. they prevent the national government from tampering with fundamental rights and civil liberties, emphasizing the limited character of national power. |
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