what is the difference btw medium altitude and high altitude?

medium : 5000-10000 ft

high : greater than 10 000 ft

what happens to barometric pressure when altitude increases?

it decreases

what is P02 in dry air @ sea level?

explain the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

160mmhg

small change in % saturation of hemoglobin is observed with decreasing Po2 until altitude of 10000

when can measurable negative effect of vo2max be noted at ?

4000 ft

what happens to air when you increase altitue?

 air tem will decrease 6.5 every 1000 meters

it will become dry and water loss via respiratory tract is higher at higher altitude.

is solar radation greater at higher altitudes?

YES

what happens to hemoglobin as you start to climb?

it will start to increase due to decrease in plasma volume and increase in RBC by the bone marrow.

what happens to the pulmonary system?

decreases alveolar partial presure -- decreases arteriolar PP -- stimlatres aortic and carotid chemoreceptors -- incrreases ventilation -- increases pp

hyperventilation -- decreases pp -- increaes ph in blood-- kidneys will compensate by excreting hco3

what happens to sensory and mental function?

decreases at

at 10 000 ft.

visual acuity

light sensitivity

attention span

@ 14800-18 000 ft

cognition and recall

pursuit tracking ability

@ 20 000 reaction time.

V.O2max decreases 3 - 3.5 %  per 1000 ft above 5000 ft.  At 14,000 ft V.O2max is decreased  approximately 30 %.  This is due to the following:

1) decreased o2 content in arterial blood

2) after acclimatization: decare in max Q due to decreased HR and SV.

is the % reduction in vo2max the same in untrained and trained?

yes

why during heavy exercising is the blood lactate levels higher at altitude for any given work rate?

1) vo2max is reduced -- @ any given work rate a higher % is required to perform

2) reduced blood buffering capacity due to excretion of certain amounts of bicarbonate via the kidneys

what ar the acclimatization limits?

physical and mental function starts to deteriorate abover 17 000 ft

the number of days need to acclimatized depends on altitude. so ... what are the days that youhave to stay at that altitude?

9000 ft-- 7-10 days

12 000 --- 15-21 days

15000 --- 21-25 days

what happens when you are at higher altitude for longer than two weeks?

reduction in body fat and lean body mass. because of appetide depression

how long should althletes acclimatize for ?

2-3 weeks

what might happen during the first few days of high altidue training?

acute mountain sickness

what are the adaptions to altidue which should increase vo2max on return to sea level?

what are the ones that hinder performance?

1) incrase hemoglobin concentration

2) local muscles adaptions

1) decrease mx SV

2) increase Ve at anygiving work rate

3) decreased buffering capacity

4) speficity of training

live high and train low.. explain

athletes sleep and live at high altitudes and train at low altitudes for a few hours..

benefits physiological adapations. while maintaining seal levels training intensity.

how do you prevent altitude illness?

1) slow ascent to altitude while climbing.

2) high carb diet -- reduces acute mountain sickess by 30%

3) appropriate exercise --- avoid excessi breathless and fatigue

4) drug prophylaxis- take drugs to lessen the illness

5) fluid ingestion -- drink lots of water

what are symptoms of AMS?

how do you treat it?

headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomitting, dizziness, insomnia, feel weak,

fluid replacement and rest and aspirin

what is pulmonary edema?

what are the symptoms?

how do you treat it?

fluid in the alveoli

symp: short breath, severe fatigue, cough with sometimes blood, tachycardia, headache, insomina, sligh fever, unconciousness and death

treat: descend to lower altitude immediately

diuretics are quite effective only if you replace fluids

diamox --

what is hace

cerebral edema

fluid in the brain

symt: ataxia, confusion, hallucination, headaches, weak and fatigue,come

treat; same as hape

what are the 4 principles to treat altitude illness?

1. stop going up when symp appears
2. descend if conditions worsen
3. descend immediately if hape, loss of coordination, you keep on passing out
4. dont leave them alone